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Crystals
Special Issues
Structure and Properties of Fluoride-based Materials
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Structure and Properties of Fluoride-based Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018)

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ralf Haiges

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Interests: energetic materials; green energetic materials; high energy density matter; X-ray crystallography; solid state structures; fluorine Chemistry; polynitrogen Chemistry; highnitrogen compounds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluorine-containing materials offer many advantages over non-fluorine-based materials in a variety of applications.

Fluorine is a rather special element and fluorine-based materials often possess unique properties. The small size and high electronegativity of the fluorine atom, combined with the small dissociation energy of F2 (155 kJ·mol-1) are the fundamental characteristics of fluorine chemistry. Most elements react readily with fluorine, often resulting in their oxidation to the highest known oxidation states. Because of the monovalence of fluorine, fluorides at the high oxidation-state limit are often near or at the coordination limit for that element. Fluoride glasses and many other solid-state fluoride materials contain low oxidation state polymeric metal fluorides with metal centres linked through highly stable m-fluoro bridges. Many fluorine-containing materials owe their special properties to the high electronegativity of the fluoride ligand. An example are fluoride glasses with ligand-to-metal charge-transfer bands shifted well into the UV region, making the important materials for lasers, optical fibres, waveguides and optical amplifiers.

Because of the ability of fluorine to form strong and stable chemical bonds with many other elements, fluoride-based materials have found a wide usage in photonics, electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, lithium and sodium batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and membranes.

The importance of fluoride-based materials is well established and the number of applications for these materials continues to increase. This Special Issue is intended to provide an overview of the current activity in the field.

Prof. Dr. Ralf Haiges
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fluoride-based materials

  • Energy storage

  • Photonics

  • Optoelectronics

  • Electronics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 7417 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Perovskite-Type [K1−xNax]MgF3 Mixed Phases via the Fluorolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis
by Florian Schütz, Linda Lange, Kerstin Scheurell, Gudrun Scholz and Erhard Kemnitz
Crystals 2018, 8(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst8020066 - 30 Jan 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3672
Abstract
The focus of this article is the synthesis of perovskite-type [K1−xNax]MgF3 mixed phases via the room-temperature fluorolytic sol-gel approach. Different molar ratios of K/Na were examined and analyzed by 19F MAS NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. [...] Read more.
The focus of this article is the synthesis of perovskite-type [K1−xNax]MgF3 mixed phases via the room-temperature fluorolytic sol-gel approach. Different molar ratios of K/Na were examined and analyzed by 19F MAS NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. Starting from pure KMgF3, a systematic substitution of potassium by sodium was evidenced when replacing K by Na. As long as the amount of sodium is less than 80% as compared to potassium, spectra just show [K4−xNaxF] environments in a [K1−xNax]MgF3 mixed phase but separate structures appear when the amount of sodium is further increased. Moreover, colloidal dispersions of nanoscaled KMgF3 particles were obtained, which were used to fabricate coatings on glass slides. Thin films showed antireflective behavior and high transmittance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Properties of Fluoride-based Materials)
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8121 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Hexafluoridoosmates
by Sergei I. Ivlev, Antti J. Karttunen, Magnus R. Buchner, Matthias Conrad, Roman V. Ostvald and Florian Kraus
Crystals 2018, 8(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst8010011 - 29 Dec 2017
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4467
Abstract
Two barium hexafluoridoosmates, Ba(OsF6)2 and BaOsF6, were synthesized and were characterized for the first time using X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, as well as NMR spectroscopy in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Ba(OsF6)2 crystallizes [...] Read more.
Two barium hexafluoridoosmates, Ba(OsF6)2 and BaOsF6, were synthesized and were characterized for the first time using X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, as well as NMR spectroscopy in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Ba(OsF6)2 crystallizes in the space group type P21/c with the cell parameters a = 6.4599(4), b = 10.7931(8), c = 14.7476(10) Å, β = 115.195(5)°, V = 930.42(12) Å3, Z = 4 at 293 K. BaOsF6 crystallizes in the space group type R 3 ¯ with the cell parameters a = 7.3286(10), c = 7.2658(15) Å, V = 337.95(12) Å3, Z = 3 at 100 K. Additionally, we have obtained the compounds Ba(OsF6)2∙3BrF3, Ba(OsF6)2∙HF, Ba(OsF6)2∙6H2O from the respective solvents, and Ba(OsF6)2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Properties of Fluoride-based Materials)
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2129 KiB  
Article
High-Pressure Reactivity of Kr and F2—Stabilization of Krypton in the +4 Oxidation State
by Dominik Kurzydłowski, Magdalena Sołtysiak, Aleksandra Dżoleva and Patryk Zaleski-Ejgierd
Crystals 2017, 7(11), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7110329 - 28 Oct 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7117
Abstract
Since the synthesis of the first krypton compound, several other Kr-bearing connections have been obtained. However, in all of them krypton adopts the +2 oxidation state, in contrast to xenon which forms numerous compounds with an oxidation state as high as +8. Motivated [...] Read more.
Since the synthesis of the first krypton compound, several other Kr-bearing connections have been obtained. However, in all of them krypton adopts the +2 oxidation state, in contrast to xenon which forms numerous compounds with an oxidation state as high as +8. Motivated by the possibility of thermodynamic stabilization of exotic compounds with the use of high pressure (exceeding 1 GPa = 10 kbar), we present here theoretical investigations into the chemistry of krypton and fluorine at such large compression. In particular we focus on krypton tetrafluoride, KrF4, a molecular crystal in which krypton forms short covalent bonds with neighboring fluorine atoms thus adopting the +4 oxidation state. We find that this hitherto unknown compound can be stabilized at pressures below 50 GPa. Our results indicate also that, at larger compressions, a multitude of other KrmFn fluorides should be stable, among them KrF which exhibits covalent Kr–Kr bonds. Our results set the stage for future high-pressure synthesis of novel krypton compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Properties of Fluoride-based Materials)
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