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Crystals
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Crystals in Laser Systems
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Crystals in Laser Systems

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 7078

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vladimir Chvykov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1320, USA
Interests: ultra-high peak power lasers; high power lasers; laser physics; optics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the launch of a new Special Issue in Crystals, which invites research as well as review articles in the area of development and production of crystals for lasers, studying their properties and applications in laser systems.

Starting from the first laser oscillator, where Theodore Maiman used ruby crystals in 1960, crystal active media have been widely utilized in different kinds of laser systems. The application of crystals in this area has allowed us to achieve the ultra-high-peak power of 10 s of PW as well as multikilowatt output average power and pulse duration as short as a few femtoseconds, reaching the incredible intensity of 1023W/cm2. Crystal applications for harmonic conversion of light and in the parametric oscillators and amplifiers has allowed us to cover the wavelength range from mid-infrared to ultraviolet. Crystals’ coherent light sources are now broadly applied in the many branches of science and industry.

Thus, we anticipate a significant amount of interest in this issue among the engineering and scientific community and invite original contributions as well as reviews containing new results in the fields of laser crystal properties’ investigation, growth technology, and laser system development on a crystal base, including optical parametrical oscillators and amplifiers and their applications. 

Dr. Vladimir Chvykov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crystal properties
  • crystal growth technology
  • laser oscillators and amplifiers on the crystals’ base
  • optical parametrical oscillation and amplification
  • laser systems
  • laser system applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3668 KiB  
Article
Self-Separation of a Single Ultrashort Light Pulse in the Parametric Raman Anti-Stokes Laser Based on a CaMoO4 Crystal under Intracavity Synchronous Pumping
by Dmitry P. Tereshchenko, Sergei N. Smetanin, Alexander G. Papashvili, Yury A. Kochukov, Anatoly I. Titov, Evgeny V. Shashkov, Maria D. Lapina, Vladislav E. Shukshin, Kirill A. Subbotin and Denis A. Lis
Crystals 2023, 13(4), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040636 - 7 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1275
Abstract
The effect of the self-separation of a single ultrashort light pulse of a parametric Raman CaMoO4 laser with birefringence phase matching under intracavity synchronous pumping by a mode-locked 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is experimentally investigated and theoretically simulated. The conditions for the [...] Read more.
The effect of the self-separation of a single ultrashort light pulse of a parametric Raman CaMoO4 laser with birefringence phase matching under intracavity synchronous pumping by a mode-locked 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is experimentally investigated and theoretically simulated. The conditions for the self-separation effect for the single ultrashort pulse at an anti-Stokes wavelength of 973 nm with the pulse duration of 9 ps and the pulse energy of up to 9 μJ are defined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystals in Laser Systems)
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9 pages, 2776 KiB  
Article
kHz, 10s TW, Femtosecond Source Based on Yb:YAG Thin Disk Laser Pumped OPCPA of Low Quantum Defect
by Keyang Liu, Xin Liu, Jinhui Li, Hushan Wang, Yishan Wang, Wei Zhao, Huabao Cao and Yuxi Fu
Crystals 2023, 13(3), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030481 - 10 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1718
Abstract
We propose to obtain kHz, 10s TW, femtosecond sources through optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) pumped by Yb:YAG thin disk lasers. The final amplifiers of the OPCPA are based on LGS (LiGaS2) crystals with wide transparent range. To suppress the [...] Read more.
We propose to obtain kHz, 10s TW, femtosecond sources through optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) pumped by Yb:YAG thin disk lasers. The final amplifiers of the OPCPA are based on LGS (LiGaS2) crystals with wide transparent range. To suppress the quantum defect for high efficiency, the final amplifiers are designed such that the wavelength of the signal is set very close to 1.03 μm, while the idler spectra span from 4–8 μm. Multiple crystals with different phase-matching configuration can be employed for the amplification of different spectral regions to support broadband pulse amplification. According to the numerical simulations, the pulse duration from Yb:YAG lasers can be shortened to 20–30 fs pulse with efficiency beyond 60%. This technique is energy scalable with the size of the LGS crystal size and can support a 26 TW pulse with current available LGS. The output pulses are ideal drivers for secondary light and particle source generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystals in Laser Systems)
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16 pages, 4210 KiB  
Article
Electrostatic Interpretation of Phase Separation Induced by Femtosecond Laser Light in Glass
by Bertrand Poumellec, Maxime Cavillon and Matthieu Lancry
Crystals 2023, 13(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030393 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1822
Abstract
Numerous studies on the effect of the femtosecond laser pulses in oxide glasses have been achieved over the last two decades, and several specific effects pointed out. Some of them are classical with respect to a laser treatment, such as thermally related effects, [...] Read more.
Numerous studies on the effect of the femtosecond laser pulses in oxide glasses have been achieved over the last two decades, and several specific effects pointed out. Some of them are classical with respect to a laser treatment, such as thermally related effects, and are widely taken into account for applications. Other effects are directly induced by light, caused by its intricated spatiotemporal structure and associated properties: ponderomotive and polarization effects or coherence within the focal volume. These effects enable the development of forces that can lead to orientation effects. Among the specific resulting transformations from the light-induced effects in glass, the formation of so-called nanogratings was first pointed out in 2003 in silica glass. From this date, asymmetric organization into parallel nanoplanes, perpendicular to the laser polarization, have been found in many vitreous and crystalline compounds. While it is accepted that they arise from the same origin, i.e., a plasma organization that is eventually imprinted inside the material, uncertainties remain on the formation process itself. Indeed, since it exists several categories of nanogratings based on the final structuring (nanoporous phase separation, crystallization, and nanocracks), it can be expected that several processes are at the roots of such spectacular organization. This paper describes an approach based on electrochemical potential modified by an electronic excitation. The electric field induced during this process is first calculated, with a maximum of ~4500 kV/µm and a distribution confined within the lamella period. The maximal chemical potential variation is thus calculated, in the studied conditions, to be in the kJ/mol range, corresponding to a glass-to-crystal phase transition energy release. The kinetics aspect of species mobility is subsequently described, strengthening the proposed approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystals in Laser Systems)
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11 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Research on Brownian Thermal Noise Limit of a Cylindrical Ultra-Stable Cavity with Support Pads
by Dongdong Jiao, Guanjun Xu, Linbo Zhang, Jing Gao, Yang Li, Ruifang Dong, Tao Liu and Shougang Zhang
Crystals 2022, 12(11), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111682 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Brownian thermal noise (TN) of ultra-stable cavities (USCs) imposes a fundamental limitation on the frequency stability of ultra-narrow linewidth lasers. This work investigates the TN in cylindrical USCs with the four support pads in detail through theoretical estimation and simulation. To evaluate the [...] Read more.
Brownian thermal noise (TN) of ultra-stable cavities (USCs) imposes a fundamental limitation on the frequency stability of ultra-narrow linewidth lasers. This work investigates the TN in cylindrical USCs with the four support pads in detail through theoretical estimation and simulation. To evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, we derive an expression of the TN for a cylindrical spacer according to the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, which takes into account the front face area of the spacer. This estimation is more suitable for the TN of the cylindrical USC than the previous one. Meanwhile, we perform detailed studies of the influence of the four support pads on the TN in cylindrical USCs for the first time by numerical simulations. For a 400 mm long cylindrical USC with an ultra-low expansion spacer and fused silica substrates, the displacement noise contributed from the four support pads is roughly four times that of the substrates and the GaAs/AlGaAs crystalline coating. The results show that the four support pads are the primary TN contributors under some materials and geometries of USCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystals in Laser Systems)
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