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Crystals
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Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications
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Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 29983

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiromitsu Kiriyama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kansai Photon Science Institut, Japan
Interests: High intensity laser, High average laser, Ultrafast laser technology, Parametric laser amplifier, Laser and nonlinear crystals
Dr. Yasuhiro Miyasaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kansai Photon Science Institut, Kyoto, Japan
Interests: Power laser, Ceramics for optical applications, Laser ablation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following 50 years of discoveries and groundbreaking technological achievements, laser science is breaking through to the petawatt (1015 W) peak power level. This progress opens the way to investigate and exploit a wide range of high field interaction studies at high focused intensities on the order of 1022 W/cm2 by using small-scale laboratory systems.

This issue covers state-of-the-art research on the science and technology created by ultra-high intensity crystal lasers. This might be viewed as a natural reflection of the growing status of high peak power lasers and their applications to high field interaction studies. The size of these fields continues to expand, new areas of research and technology are emerging, and the field is growing in depth and breadth – ranging from basic science to increasingly sophisticated industrial applications.

The articles in this issue will be written by leading professionals and provide the scientific community with a vital documentation of the newest and most exciting contemporary results and research directions. Following the custom of the earlier issue, readers were encouraged to bring new key results to the book as a basis for interactive, brainstorming discussions. The editor is pleased to add another important issue to the history of Crystals.

Prof. Dr. Hiromitsu KIRIYAMA
Dr. Yasuhiro MIYASAKA
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser crystal
  • High intensity lasers
  • Laser pulse contrast
  • Thermal conductivity
  • Ceramics
  • X-ray spectroscopy
  • Ion acceleration
  • Electron acceleration, Electro-optic crystal

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2636 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Lyα Dielectronic Satellites to Characterize Temporal Profile of Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses
by Sergey N. Ryazantsev, Igor Y. Skobelev, Artem S. Martynenko, Maria A. Alkhimova, Mikhail D. Mishchenko, Maksim V. Sedov, Tatiana A. Pikuz, Yuji Fukuda, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Alexander S. Pirozhkov and Sergey A. Pikuz
Crystals 2021, 11(2), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020130 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
In the paper, an X-ray spectroscopy-based approach on laser pulse temporal profile characterization is described. The structure of dielectronic satellites to H-like Lyα lines strongly depends on a plasma electron density, so it can be applied for diagnostics. These spectral lines are [...] Read more.
In the paper, an X-ray spectroscopy-based approach on laser pulse temporal profile characterization is described. The structure of dielectronic satellites to H-like Lyα lines strongly depends on a plasma electron density, so it can be applied for diagnostics. These spectral lines are mainly emitted during initial stage of laser plasma expansion. It means that plasma parameters obtained via them characterizes matter conditions in a region surrounding a spot of laser-matter interaction. In the case when a laser contrast is high enough, the radiation interacts with cold matter, which had not been preliminary perturbed by a laser prepulse, and the satellites structure shape corresponding to high densities should be observed. It allows us to consider the satellites as a diagnostic tool for the laser temporal profile quality. In the paper dependencies of the dielectronic satellites structure on electron densities obtained from detailed kinetic calculations in the wide range of plasma parameter for different elements are under discussion. Fundamental theoretical aspects of plasma diagnostic based on the feature of satellite structures shape in hot dense plasma, which led to development of the proposed method, are also explained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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12 pages, 2638 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Accumulated B-Integral of Regenerative Amplifier Based CPA Systems
by Stefan Bock, Franziska Marie Herrmann, Thomas Püschel, Uwe Helbig, René Gebhardt, Jakob Johannes Lötfering, Richard Pausch, Karl Zeil, Tim Ziegler, Arie Irman, Thomas Oksenhendler, Akira Kon, Mamiko Nishuishi, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Kiminori Kondo, Toma Toncian and Ulrich Schramm
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090847 - 22 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5802
Abstract
We report on a new approach to measure the accumulated B-integral in the regenerative and multipass amplifier stages of ultrashort-pulse high-power laser systems by B-integral-induced coupling between delayed test post-pulses and the main pulse. A numerical model for such non-linear pulse coupling is [...] Read more.
We report on a new approach to measure the accumulated B-integral in the regenerative and multipass amplifier stages of ultrashort-pulse high-power laser systems by B-integral-induced coupling between delayed test post-pulses and the main pulse. A numerical model for such non-linear pulse coupling is presented and compared to data taken at the high-power laser Draco with self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI). The dependence of the B-integral accumulated in the regenerative amplifier on its operation mode enables optimization strategies for extracted energy vs. collected B-integral. The technique presented here can, in principle, be applied to characterize any type of ultrashort pulse laser system and is essential for pre-pulse reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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10 pages, 14044 KiB  
Article
High-Intensity Laser-Driven Oxygen Source from CW Laser-Heated Titanium Tape Targets
by Kotaro Kondo, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Hironao Sakaki, Nicholas P. Dover, Hazel F. Lowe, Takumi Miyahara, Yukinobu Watanabe, Tim Ziegler, Karl Zeil, Ulrich Schramm, Emma J. Ditter, George S. Hicks, Oliver C. Ettlinger, Zulfikar Najmudin, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Masaki Kando and Kiminori Kondo
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090837 - 19 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4796
Abstract
The interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with solid targets can be used as a highly charged, energetic heavy ion source. Normally, intrinsic contaminants on the target surface suppress the performance of heavy ion acceleration from a high-intensity laser–target interaction, resulting in preferential proton [...] Read more.
The interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with solid targets can be used as a highly charged, energetic heavy ion source. Normally, intrinsic contaminants on the target surface suppress the performance of heavy ion acceleration from a high-intensity laser–target interaction, resulting in preferential proton acceleration. Here, we demonstrate that CW laser heating of 5 µm titanium tape targets can remove contaminant hydrocarbons in order to expose a thin oxide layer on the metal surface, ideal for the generation of energetic oxygen beams. This is demonstrated by irradiating the heated targets with a PW class high-power laser at an intensity of 5 × 1021 W/cm2, showing enhanced acceleration of oxygen ions with a non-thermal-like distribution. Our new scheme using a CW laser-heated Ti tape target is promising for use as a moderate repetition energetic oxygen ion source for future applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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9 pages, 3674 KiB  
Article
High-Thermal-Conductivity SiC Ceramic Mirror for High-Average-Power Laser System
by Yasuhiro Miyasaka, Kotaro Kondo and Hiromitsu Kiriyama
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090831 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
The importance of heat-resistant optics is increasing together with the average power of high-intensity lasers. A silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic with high thermal conductivity is proposed as an optics substrate to suppress thermal effects. The temperature rise of the substrate and the change [...] Read more.
The importance of heat-resistant optics is increasing together with the average power of high-intensity lasers. A silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic with high thermal conductivity is proposed as an optics substrate to suppress thermal effects. The temperature rise of the substrate and the change in the surface accuracy of the mirror surface, which degrades the laser beam quality, are investigated. Gold mirrors on synthetic fused silica and SiC ceramic substrates are heated with a 532 nm wavelength laser diode. The synthetic fused silica substrate placed on an aluminum block shows a temperature increase by ~32 °C and a large temperature gradient. In contrast, the SiC ceramic substrate shows a uniform temperature distribution and a temperature increase of only ~4 °C with an absorbed power of ~2 W after 20 min laser irradiation. The surface accuracy (roughness) when using the synthetic fused silica substrate changes from /21.8 (29.0 nm) to /7.2 (88.0 nm), increasing by a factor of ~3.0. However, that of the SiC ceramic substrate changes from /21.0 (30.2 nm) to /13.3 (47.7 nm), increasing by only a factor of ~1.6. Based on these experimental results, detailed considerations and calculations of actively cooled SiC ceramic substrates for high-average-power laser systems are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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20 pages, 6173 KiB  
Article
Petawatt Femtosecond Laser Pulses from Titanium-Doped Sapphire Crystal
by Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Yuji Fukuda, Akito Sagisaka, Akira Kon, Yasuhiro Miyasaka, Koichi Ogura, Nicholas P. Dover, Kotaro Kondo, Hironao Sakaki, James K. Koga, Timur Zh. Esirkepov, Kai Huang, Nobuhiko Nakanii, Masaki Kando, Kiminori Kondo, Stefan Bock, Tim Ziegler, Thomas Püschel, Karl Zeil and Ulrich Schrammadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090783 - 3 Sep 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3951
Abstract
Ultra-high intensity femtosecond lasers have now become excellent scientific tools for the study of extreme material states in small-scale laboratory settings. The invention of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) combined with titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) crystals have enabled realization of such lasers. The pursuit of ultra-high [...] Read more.
Ultra-high intensity femtosecond lasers have now become excellent scientific tools for the study of extreme material states in small-scale laboratory settings. The invention of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) combined with titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) crystals have enabled realization of such lasers. The pursuit of ultra-high intensity science and applications is driving worldwide development of new capabilities. A petawatt (PW = 1015 W), femtosecond (fs = 10−15 s), repetitive (0.1 Hz), high beam quality J-KAREN-P (Japan Kansai Advanced Relativistic ENgineering Petawatt) Ti:sapphire CPA laser has been recently constructed and used for accelerating charged particles (ions and electrons) and generating coherent and incoherent ultra-short-pulse, high-energy photon (X-ray) radiation. Ultra-high intensities of 1022 W/cm2 with high temporal contrast of 10−12 and a minimal number of pre-pulses on target has been demonstrated with the J-KAREN-P laser. Here, worldwide ultra-high intensity laser development is summarized, the output performance and spatiotemporal quality improvement of the J-KAREN-P laser are described, and some experimental results are briefly introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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9 pages, 3045 KiB  
Article
Single-Shot Measurement of Post-Pulse-Generated Pre-Pulse in High-Power Laser Systems
by Akira Kon, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Masaki Kando, Stefan Bock, Tim Ziegler, Thomas Pueschel, Karl Zeil, Ulrich Schramm and Kiminori Kondo
Crystals 2020, 10(8), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080657 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4574
Abstract
In this study, a detailed investigation of the dynamics of the generation of pre-pulse by post-pulses is presented, using single-shot self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI). The capability of SRSI in terms of the single-shot measurement of the temporal contrast of high-power laser systems has [...] Read more.
In this study, a detailed investigation of the dynamics of the generation of pre-pulse by post-pulses is presented, using single-shot self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI). The capability of SRSI in terms of the single-shot measurement of the temporal contrast of high-power laser systems has been experimentally demonstrated. The results confirm that the energy levels of the pre-pulses increase proportional to the square of the B-integral parametrizing the nonlinearity of the amplifier chain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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10 pages, 2078 KiB  
Article
Single-Shot Electro-Optic Sampling on the Temporal Structure of Laser Wakefield Accelerated Electrons
by Kai Huang, Hideyuki Kotaki, Michiaki Mori, Yukio Hayashi, Nobuhiko Nakanii and Masaki Kando
Crystals 2020, 10(8), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080640 - 24 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4328
Abstract
Particle acceleration driven by a high power Ti: sapphire laser has invoked great interest worldwide because of the ultrahigh acceleration gradient. For the aspect of electron acceleration, electron beams with energies over GeV have been generated using the laser wakefield acceleration mechanism. For [...] Read more.
Particle acceleration driven by a high power Ti: sapphire laser has invoked great interest worldwide because of the ultrahigh acceleration gradient. For the aspect of electron acceleration, electron beams with energies over GeV have been generated using the laser wakefield acceleration mechanism. For the optimization of the electron generation process, real-time electron parameter monitors are necessary. One of the key parameters of a high energy particle beam is the temporal distribution, which is closely related with the timing resolution in a pump-probe application. Here, we introduced the electro-optic sampling method to laser wakefield acceleration. Real-time multibunch structures were observed. Careful calculations on the physical processes of signal generation in an electro-optic crystal were performed. Discussions of the methodology are elaborated in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of High Intensity Crystal Laser and Its Applications)
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