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Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management
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Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 7856

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marwan El Ghoch

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Interests: obesity; obesity-related diseases; sarcopenic obesity; metabolism; energy expenditure; body composition; physical activity; lifestyle
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, and this has unavoidably determined an increase in several serious medical consequences, namely those known as obesity-related comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and others. From here stems the importance of the early management of obesity and its related disorders. To this aim, important factors such as body composition compartments (bone and muscle mass and body fat distribution), energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis, and exercise), and lifestyle components (dietary practice, physical activity levels, and sleep habits) seem to play a determinate role. This Special Issue will provide a platform for the presentation of recent advances in knowledge on this topic, touching on diverse scientific disciplines.

Prof. Dr. Marwan El Ghoch
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet, central obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • type 2 diabetes
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • body fat distribution
  • sarcopenic obesity
  • visceral adipose tissue
  • resting energy expenditure
  • weight cycling
  • weight management
  • weight cycling
  • physical activity
  • physical exercise
  • physical fitness
  • lifestyle modification
  • anti-obesity drugs
  • bariatric surgery

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1852 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Effects of Semaglutide on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: An Open-Label Controlled Trial
by Ahmed I. Gad, Nevin F. Ibrahim, Noura Almadani, Rasha Mahfouz, Hanaa A. Nofal, Dina S. El-Rafey, Hossam Tharwat Ali, Amr T. EL-Hawary and Ayman M. E. M. Sadek
Diseases 2024, 12(8), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080186 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2345
Abstract
Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This trial sought to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide in [...] Read more.
Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This trial sought to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide in NAFLD and its sequelae in obesity and/or T2D. Methods: In an open-labelled intervention study, the sample was 180 patients classified into three parallel groups (1:1:1): group I received oral semaglutide, group II patients received injectable semaglutide, and group III received pioglitazone and/or vitamin E. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. Results: There was a substantial improvement in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass index, especially in group II. As for HDL, only group II showed a consistent increase at both 6 months (51 ± 4.62 mg/dL) and 12 months (50.08 ± 2.45 mg/dL) compared with baseline (45.6 ± 6.37 mg/dL) (p-value < 0.001). Despite the non-significant difference in NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (p-value = 0.45 and 0.63), group II had significantly lower scores of the fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) at 6 and 12 months (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Semaglutide improves lipid profile, liver steatosis, and fibrosis parameters and reduces the BMI in T2D and obese patients with NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management)
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Review

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28 pages, 2049 KiB  
Review
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases: From Basic Concepts to Future Prospective
by Ganna Nevoit, Gediminas Jarusevicius, Maksim Potyazhenko, Ozar Mintser, Inga Arune Bumblyte and Alfonsas Vainoras
Diseases 2024, 12(11), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12110277 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 963
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a very important medical problem. The key role of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in the occurrence and progression of NCDs has been proven. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MD itself in many NCDs has not yet been clarified, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a very important medical problem. The key role of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in the occurrence and progression of NCDs has been proven. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MD itself in many NCDs has not yet been clarified, which makes it one of the most serious medical problems in the modern world, according to many scientists. Methods: An extensive research in the literature was implemented in order to elucidate the role of MD and NCDs’ risk factors in the pathogenesis of NCDs. Results: The authors propose to take a broader look at the problem of the pathogenesis of NCDs. It is important to understand exactly how NCD risk factors lead to MD. The review is structured in such a way as to answer this question. Based on a systematic analysis of scientific data, a theoretical concept of modern views on the occurrence of MD under the influence of risk factors for the occurrence of NCDs is presented. This was done in order to update MD issues in clinical medicine. MD and NCDs progress throughout a patient’s life. Based on this, the review raised the question of the existence of an NCDs continuum. Conclusions: MD is a universal mechanism that causes organ dysfunction and comorbidity of NCDs. Prevention of MD involves diagnosing and eliminating the factors that cause it. Mitochondria are an important therapeutic target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management)
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Other

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16 pages, 481 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Tirzepatide on Body Composition in People with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Controlled Studies
by Vincenzo Rochira, Carla Greco, Stefano Boni, Francesco Costantino, Leonardo Dalla Valentina, Eleonora Zanni, Leila Itani and Marwan El Ghoch
Diseases 2024, 12(9), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12090204 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2270
Abstract
Tirzepatide (TZP) is a new anti-obesity drug, and little is currently known about its effect on body composition (BC) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the impact of TZP on BC [...] Read more.
Tirzepatide (TZP) is a new anti-obesity drug, and little is currently known about its effect on body composition (BC) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the impact of TZP on BC compartments in this population during weight loss programs. Literature searches, study selection, method development, and quality appraisal were performed. The data were synthesized using a narrative approach, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the 1379 papers retrieved, 6 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing the following findings. Firstly, TZP was shown to result in a significant reduction in total fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and waist circumference (WC) between baseline and short as well as intermediate follow-ups. Compared to other anti-obesity medications (e.g., dulaglutide and semaglutide) taken over the same duration, TZP showed a superior decrease in body fat compartments (i.e., total FM, VAT and WC). Finally, the effect of TZP on fat-free mass (FFM) is still uncertain because the findings remain inconclusive. In conclusion, TZP appears to be an effective strategy for achieving significant improvements in body fat and its distribution, but additional investigations are still needed to determine the impact of TZP on lean mass in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management)
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22 pages, 3817 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Association between Marital Status and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Tamara Nikolic Turnic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Zulfiya Strizhkova, Nikita Polukhin, Dmitry Ryaboy, Mariia Kartashova, Margarita Korenkova, Valeriia Kolchina and Vladimir Reshetnikov
Diseases 2024, 12(7), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12070146 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1630
Abstract
Background: Obesity was included in the International Classification of Diseases in 1990 as a chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. Aim: This systematic review was aimed to [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity was included in the International Classification of Diseases in 1990 as a chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. Aim: This systematic review was aimed to examine the role of marital status in determining body mass index and the risk of obesity. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search using three databases (PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Google Scholar) with the search query. Results: Of the 105 studies included in the systematic review, 76 studies (72%) reported a greater risk of obesity in married individuals compared to unmarried individuals. A meta-analysis of 24 studies included a total population of 369,499 participants: 257,257 married individuals (40,896 of whom had obesity) and 112,242 comparison subjects (single, divorced, or widowed individuals, 15,084 of whom had obesity). Odds ratios for obesity found a significant pooled odds ratio for obesity in married individuals compared with controls (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.38–2.10). The socioeconomic environment was not the same throughout the period of studies analyzed. The odds of obesity in married individuals during economic crises was greater than during the period between crises: OR 2.56 (95% CI 2.09–3.13) during crises vs. OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.24–1.95) between crises. Conclusion: The results of this review confirm the importance of considering marital status in determining the risk of obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition, Energy Expenditure and Lifestyle During Obesity Management)
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