Empowerment of Science Education for Young Children: Current Research and Implications for Learning

A special issue of Education Sciences (ISSN 2227-7102). This special issue belongs to the section "Early Childhood Education".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 18133

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Campus Etoile, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013 Marseille, France
Interests: science education; early childhood education; teacher education; drawing and playing in STEM education

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Educational Sciences & Early Childhood Education, University of Patras, 26504 Rion Patras, Greece
Interests: early childhood education; early science education; participatory learning and teaching; pre-service and in-service teacher education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early childhood education provides a challenging context for science educators and researchers for the integration of scientific concepts and phenomena into educational programmes and processes. On one hand, there is a tradition attached to early childhood education anchored in the social development of a young child. As such, in many educational contexts internationally, social interaction and language acquisition are recognised as the main areas of focus for early childhood education. Approaches encouraging free play are often advocated (Fleer & March, 2009) to allow each child to interact with others, with objects or phenomena at their own rhythm, and taking into account their own development. On the other hand, school science education and research associated with science didactics proposes science teaching strategies to enhance children’s understanding of science with teaching models that can often be derived from further schooling. For example, many researchers have studied the possibility of introducing young children to inquiry-based science practices. Previous research has highlighted the significant effect that teaching interventions can have on young children’s understanding of science phenomena when children are encouraged to manipulate and to share their ideas with others (Boilevin, Delserieys & Ravanis, 2022). To enhance participation in children’s learning, it is necessary to listen and to determine children’s ways of acting and communicating. In addition, communication involves participants’ effort to create meanings in an attempt to form a common ground of understanding. However, for many reasons explored in previous research (Areljung, 2019), early childhood educators often feel uncomfortable with science content knowledge and practices in the context of open mediated procedures or more structured inquiry approaches.

Although the importance of science at an early age has been advocated by many researchers (see, for example, Eshach and Fried, 2013), the place of science in early childhood education, and the way researchers approach it, takes many different forms. It can be seen as an object of learning where the issue is generally about the ability of young children to develop scientific thinking. It can also be seen as a context of learning where science provides interesting experiences and objects to trigger children’s social and language development.

This Special Issue of Education Sciences aims to reflect current trends in science education in early childhood education research that support the expression of a first scientific thought and explore how a scientific context allows young children to engage in different forms of representations and expression. This issue is concerned with the latest research in early science education that addresses the questions of meaning making in science, as well as meaningful and sustainable science practices in the classroom. This Special Issue can concern research about teachers’ practices; students, considering the diversity of students, including language diversity or special education; the proposal of novel teaching interventions; or analyses of practices, projects or curriculum development. Any other topic within the scope of this Special Issue is also welcome and will be fully considered.

Ideas/beliefs/perceptions/meaning making of children and teachers in science.

Teaching interventions, materials and/or processes.

Various forms of expression and communication in early science education (drawing, narrative constructions, digital education, body gestures, etc.).

In-service and preservice education/training.

……

Dr. Alice Delserieys Pedregosa
Dr. Maria Kampeza
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • early childhood science education
  • preschool education
  • children’s learning
  • teacher education
  • children’s participation
  • teacher’s perception

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 2181 KiB  
Article
Teaching Topic Preferences in the Nature–Human–Society Subject: How Trainee Teachers Justify Their Likes and Dislikes
by Angelika Pahl and Reinhard Tschiesner
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111184 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 713
Abstract
This study focuses on the description and explanation of trainee teachers’ attitudes in specific educational situations. More precisely, it demonstrates the reasons why they prefer to teach certain Nature–Human–Society topics over others and, conversely, why they do not like teaching some of those [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the description and explanation of trainee teachers’ attitudes in specific educational situations. More precisely, it demonstrates the reasons why they prefer to teach certain Nature–Human–Society topics over others and, conversely, why they do not like teaching some of those topics—particularly science topics relating to physics and technology. The description of these arguments is relevant because trainee teachers’ attitudes can have an impact on later teacher behavior, especially in a multidisciplinary subject such as Nature—Human–Society, where different topics can be given different amounts of time and importance in class. The results of this study are based on a survey of a student cohort in teacher training in Switzerland. The arguments for liking or disliking a total of twelve teaching topics in the subject Nature–Human–Society were elicited through open-ended questions and theoretically assigned to three attitude dimensions—cognitive beliefs, affective access, and perceived control—following qualitative content analysis. Differences in the reasons for liking and disliking certain teaching topics are shown, as well as the general finding that liking teaching topics is primarily based on cognitive beliefs, while disliking teaching topics is primarily attributed to lacking perceived control or lacking affective access to trainee teachers. Full article
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20 pages, 5165 KiB  
Article
Symbolic Representation of Young Children in Science: Insights into Preschoolers’ Drawings of Change of State of Matter
by Maria Kampeza and Alice Delserieys Pedregosa
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14101080 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Research in early childhood education acknowledges the multimodal nature of learning, and the need to equip young learners with the abilities to encounter future communication and learning challenges is imperative. Drawing can play a crucial role in children’s learning in general and contribute [...] Read more.
Research in early childhood education acknowledges the multimodal nature of learning, and the need to equip young learners with the abilities to encounter future communication and learning challenges is imperative. Drawing can play a crucial role in children’s learning in general and contribute to science learning in particular. In this paper, we study the drawings that young children (aged 4–6) produce during a teaching intervention about the change of state of matter. The research adopts a sociocultural perspective, considering drawing as a mediating tool to support children’s meaning-making and learning process. The objective is to understand better the type of drawing situations that can be proposed to young children in science and the scaffold these drawing tasks might provide to support meaning-making in science. Results show that children use iconic as well as symbolic modes of representation depending on the situation and that the resources available can have an impact on how children use different symbols. Full article
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16 pages, 631 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Emergence of Chemistry in Preschool Education: A Qualitative Perspective
by Nikolaos Christodoulakis and Karina Adbo
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14091033 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1244
Abstract
The objective of this study was to deepen our comprehension of how children develop understanding in the field of science, particularly in chemistry. Using the framework theory as a theoretical lens enabled a focus on emergence as a dynamic change and transition. According [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to deepen our comprehension of how children develop understanding in the field of science, particularly in chemistry. Using the framework theory as a theoretical lens enabled a focus on emergence as a dynamic change and transition. According to the framework theory, children’s science learning involves a wide range of intuitive and counterintuitive scientific concepts related to ontological and epistemological perspectives. How children transition from everyday to scientific thinking during their early years of education is influenced by ontological and epistemological stances. The objective of this study is to introduce science content—including chemical concepts to preschool children—by utilizing a play-based learning approach in a longitudinal study. The exploration of verbal and non-verbal material, specifically pertaining to chemical content and individual differences, involved implementing educational experiments and real-life or animated zooming-in videos. The results indicated a well-established physical ontological framework utilized for the systematic interpretation of submicroscopic phenomena. Full article
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22 pages, 661 KiB  
Article
Powering Up Preschool Science: A Home–School–Community Partnership to Support Science Learning with a Focus on Emergent Multilingual Learners
by Jessica Mercer Young, Cindy Hoisington, Janna F. Kook and Megan Ramer
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070785 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1983
Abstract
All children, including emergent multilingual learners (EMLs), are primed to engage with science from an early age. Yet preschool educators traditionally have not been offered in-depth professional learning (PL) in science, how to teach it effectively to young EMLs, and how to communicate [...] Read more.
All children, including emergent multilingual learners (EMLs), are primed to engage with science from an early age. Yet preschool educators traditionally have not been offered in-depth professional learning (PL) in science, how to teach it effectively to young EMLs, and how to communicate its importance to families. This quasi-experimental study investigated a partnership model designed to engage early educators, children’s families, informal science educators, and STEM role models at an informal science learning environment (ISLE)in collaboratively supporting high-quality science experiences for young EML children at school, at home, and in the community. The study examined the effects of a multi-faceted PL program on educators’ beliefs and attitudes toward science and their classroom instructional practices. Caregivers were surveyed and interviewed to assess their beliefs and attitudes around early science learning. Results indicated that educators in the treatment condition gained confidence in supporting science with EMLs and showed significant increases in instructional quality relative to comparison classrooms. Caregivers rated themselves as more confident in supporting science with their children. Promoting partnerships between preschools and ISLEs can be an effective way to power up educators’ and families’ capacities to activate young EMLs’ science inquiry, learning, and language development across multiple contexts. Full article
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14 pages, 7415 KiB  
Article
From the Spherical Earth Model to the Globe: The Effectiveness of a Planetary Model-Building Intervention
by Jan Amos Jelinek
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070761 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1567
Abstract
The shape of the Earth is a fundamental concept that students need to learn in astronomy education. This paper reports the findings of a study that confirms the effectiveness of an intervention involving the construction of a model of the Earth prior to [...] Read more.
The shape of the Earth is a fundamental concept that students need to learn in astronomy education. This paper reports the findings of a study that confirms the effectiveness of an intervention involving the construction of a model of the Earth prior to the introduction of the globe as a codified artefact. The educational intervention had been preceded by the EARTH2 test, which was used to check how well students participating in the study mastered the concept of the Earth’s shape. The study included forty-seven primary school students (grades I and II). Effectiveness was measured by comparing the answers chosen by Polish children in a test as mental models. The study confirmed (A) that the intervention was effective: 49% of progressive changes, 30% of regressive changes, and 21% of changes within the same mental model were observed; (B) that there was an increase in the children’s interest in space, revealed by an increased number of questions going far beyond the school astronomy curriculum; and (C) that students’ concerns about the dangers of space were revealed. Key findings include the following: (a) Educational effectiveness regarding the concept of the shape of the Earth is achieved in activities that involve building a spherical Earth model before introducing a globe as a ready-made model. (b) The topics addressed in astronomy classes must be far broader than what the current curricula provide. They should take into account current issues reported by the media and deal with astronomical discoveries and space technology. (c) When organising activities, children’s concerns about the dangers of space should be borne in mind. Full article
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17 pages, 2861 KiB  
Article
Condensation and Precipitation of Water Vapor: The Emergence of a Precursor Model through the Engineering Design Process
by Michalis Ioannou, George Kaliampos and Konstantinos Ravanis
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070757 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 984
Abstract
Early Childhood Science Education, within a wide range of research topics, studies mental representations of children aged 3–8 years about natural phenomena. Recently, there has been a strong scientific interest in the way children construct precursor mental models. The current study attempts to [...] Read more.
Early Childhood Science Education, within a wide range of research topics, studies mental representations of children aged 3–8 years about natural phenomena. Recently, there has been a strong scientific interest in the way children construct precursor mental models. The current study attempts to address children’s mental representations of clouds, as well as condensation and the precipitation of water vapour. To fulfill this goal, a qualitative study was implemented involving 19 preschool children. Specifically, the survey included pre-tests and post-tests for recording children’s mental representations, as well as a structured teaching process. The main activities of this teaching process followed the four stages of the Engineering Design Process and a STEAM approach, adapted both to children’s cognitive needs and the conditions of a real classroom. The results showed that most children of this age (mean age: 5.05 years) were able to approach the concepts of condensation and precipitation, as well as the process of cloud creation. It seems, therefore, that it is possible for young children’s initial mental representations to be transformed into representations compatible with school knowledge. Finally, the data and the results of the research lead to the conclusion that children of this age are capable of constructing a precursor model about clouds and the phenomena of condensation and precipitation. Full article
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14 pages, 847 KiB  
Article
Thematic Teaching of Augmented Reality and Education for Sustainable Development in Preschool—The Importance of ‘Place’
by Marie Fridberg and Andreas Redfors
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070719 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1531
Abstract
In this study, we report on a case study of two Swedish preschool teachers’ first experiences of teaching sustainable development goals through the innovative use of augmented reality. Their statements about thematic work, children’s agency, teachers’ perspective, and augmented reality were analysed qualitatively [...] Read more.
In this study, we report on a case study of two Swedish preschool teachers’ first experiences of teaching sustainable development goals through the innovative use of augmented reality. Their statements about thematic work, children’s agency, teachers’ perspective, and augmented reality were analysed qualitatively through a theoretical framework based on transduction and place. The innovative use of augmented reality related to the importance of children’s agency in their exploration of local places associated with sustainable development goals is elaborated on, especially with the value of treating augmented reality as a ‘what’, or content, in teaching before it can be used as a ‘how’, or tool, for teaching sustainable development. It is seen in this exploratory study that transducing meaning between different representations such as physical places and the sustainable development goals in augmented reality applications opens up fruitful discussions regarding, for example, democracy aspects and source criticism between children and preschool teachers. Results indicate that the introduction of augmented reality technology is also worth pursuing in early-year teaching. Full article
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24 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Inquiry-Based Activities with Woodlice in Early Childhood Education
by Isabel García-Rodeja, Sara Barros and Vanessa Sesto
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070710 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1192
Abstract
This study aims to describe the implementation of a teaching sequence where preschool-age children participate in activities related with woodlice. Although there is extensive literature on inquiry-based activities, most studies have been conducted in higher educational stages. Data were collected though audio and [...] Read more.
This study aims to describe the implementation of a teaching sequence where preschool-age children participate in activities related with woodlice. Although there is extensive literature on inquiry-based activities, most studies have been conducted in higher educational stages. Data were collected though audio and video recordings of the sessions, which have then been transcribed. The children participated in research activities in which they had no difficulty in posing hypotheses and making predictions. In relation to the experimental design, we observed difficulties in understanding the purpose of the experiment and how to reach conclusions from the experimental results. From the results of this study, we can conclude that children from an early age can engage in inquiry activities where they are given opportunities to make predictions, formulate hypotheses, and, with the help of the teacher, plan simple experiments to test their ideas. Full article
11 pages, 209 KiB  
Article
Preschool Class Children and Grade One Pupils’ Questions about Molecules from a Digital Interactive Session at a Culture Center in Sweden
by Maria Papantonis Stajcic, Clara Vidal Carulla and Annika Åkerblom
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060651 - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1187
Abstract
This study focuses on preschool class children and grade one pupils’ questions about the natural sciences. The article presents the questions that preschool class children and grade one pupils asked via a chat function in connection with a digital interactive lesson about molecules [...] Read more.
This study focuses on preschool class children and grade one pupils’ questions about the natural sciences. The article presents the questions that preschool class children and grade one pupils asked via a chat function in connection with a digital interactive lesson about molecules arranged by a culture center in Sweden. The results of the thematic analysis are discussed in relation to their didactic implications for natural science teaching with young learners. The most relevant conclusions are that children drew from their own experiences when approaching molecules, they could generalize their experiences and apply them to other contexts, and they needed time to process the content and then ask questions. Therefore, the authors suggest the use of children’s questions as a useful pedagogical tool for helping young children understand abstract concepts such as molecules. Furthermore, follow-up interviews with children are suggested as a means of mapping the origin of such questions. Full article
24 pages, 1492 KiB  
Article
Young Children’s Self-Regulated Learning Benefited from a Metacognition-Driven Science Education Intervention for Early Childhood Teachers
by Shiyi Chen, Rebecca Sermeno, Kathryn (Nikki) Hodge, Sydney Murphy, Ariel Agenbroad, Alleah Schweitzer, Ling Ling Tsao and Annie J. Roe
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060565 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1707
Abstract
The two goals of this study are to examine the impact of an early childhood teacher’s metacognition-driven, place-based science teaching professional development (PD) intervention and to explore the association between science teaching and environment quality and children’s self-regulated learning. A total of 110 [...] Read more.
The two goals of this study are to examine the impact of an early childhood teacher’s metacognition-driven, place-based science teaching professional development (PD) intervention and to explore the association between science teaching and environment quality and children’s self-regulated learning. A total of 110 children (Mage = 60 months) and 20 teachers from preschools and kindergartens in rural regions of Idaho, U.S., participated in this mixed-methods study between August 2022 and May 2023. Children’s and teachers’ pre-test and post-test data were collected using validated observation tools, surveys, and reflection journals. The results from repeated measures ANOVA and linear mixed regression show that there were statistically significant increases in children’s self-regulated learning scores and teachers’ science teaching efficacy and metacognitive knowledge, but not metacognitive regulation skill scores post-PD. Thematic analysis revealed evidence about children’s learning interests and inquiry skills, and that science activities supported children’s learning in other subjects and developmental domains (e.g., literacy, mathematics, and social-emotional skills). Our results indicate the potential for supporting young children’s self-regulated learning by training teachers to implement a developmentally appropriate, hands-on science curriculum that focuses on reflective thinking and a holistic understanding of science concepts and process skills. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 2543 KiB  
Review
How Do Nature-Based Outdoor Learning Environments Affect Preschoolers’ STEAM Concept Formation? A Scoping Review
by Nazia Afrin Trina, Muntazar Monsur, Nilda Cosco, Stephanie Shine, Leehu Loon and Ann Mastergeorge
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060627 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2852
Abstract
This scoping review examined the impact of nature-based outdoor learning environments on the formation of STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) concepts in preschoolers. Preschool age (3–5 years) is the time when physical interaction with surrounding built environments increases, and spontaneous learning [...] Read more.
This scoping review examined the impact of nature-based outdoor learning environments on the formation of STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) concepts in preschoolers. Preschool age (3–5 years) is the time when physical interaction with surrounding built environments increases, and spontaneous learning from the environment intensifies—making it an ideal age range to promote nature-based informal learning. An outdoor learning environment can influence STEAM concept formations of preschoolers with an intentional design that offers STEAM learning affordances. Despite the rising interest in early STEAM education, there is still limited literature on how the outdoor environment may influence STEAM learning behaviors of preschoolers (3–5 years old). This scoping review intended to evaluate the existing knowledge regarding the physical factors contributing to STEAM learning affordances in an outdoor environment for children aged three to five. The review included studies from the last twenty years. This scoping review was conducted following the criteria outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). For this scoping review, 843 citations were discovered across four databases (JSTOR, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science), ProQuest, and Google Scholar, and 31 articles were considered eligible for inclusion. The paper synthesized those 31 studies to identify the key STEAM learning behaviors of children and STEAM-activity-supportive settings that may positively influence preschoolers’ STEAM concept development. Full article
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