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Electronics
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Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications
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Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 25521

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Emilio Arnieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer, Modeling, Electronics, and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy
Interests: antennas; microwaves; electromagnetics; phased arrays; polarizers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wireless communication is one of the fastest-growing fields of communication industry. This constant evolution fosters the antenna community to design new radiating systems capable of satisfying the market demands. Significant progress has been made in the development of new antenna structures and techniques for various exciting new applications. In particular, the rapid growth of mobile systems toward the 5G generation has required to focus on multiband and wideband antennas suitable to reduce the system complexity and to cover mobile services minimizing the overall device dimensions and costs.

This Special Issue will be dedicated mainly to those antennas used in existing or future wireless communication systems, including wireless networking for Internet access, wireless sensor networks, digital cellular networks, GPS systems, short-range point-to-point wireless connectivity, mobile broadcasting systems, millimeter-wave personal area networks, and millimeter-wave automotive sensors. Particular emphasis will be given to novel Antenna on Chip (AoC) and Antenna in Package (AiP) designs, integration strategies, and interconnects that are interrelated to the circuit architecture.

Researchers are invited to submit their manuscripts and contribute their models, proposals, reviews, and studies focusing on antenna deployment and integration.

Dr. Emilio Arnieri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 5G
  • Antenna
  • Array
  • Integration
  • Microwave
  • mm-wave
  • Wireless
  • Antenna on Chip (AoC)
  • Antenna in Package (AiP)

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5954 KiB  
Article
A Compact and Wideband Dashboard Antenna for Vehicular LTE/5G Wireless Communications
by Andrea Michel, Rajesh Kumar Singh and Paolo Nepa
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 1923; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131923 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3157
Abstract
A wideband, low-profile, 3D automotive antenna for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G applications is presented in this paper. Different from other cellular antennas typically placed under the shark-fin cover or inside a car’s plastic spoiler, the proposed antenna is designed to be integrated [...] Read more.
A wideband, low-profile, 3D automotive antenna for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G applications is presented in this paper. Different from other cellular antennas typically placed under the shark-fin cover or inside a car’s plastic spoiler, the proposed antenna is designed to be integrated inside the vehicle’s dashboard. The 35.5 × 40 × 45 mm3 antenna is compact, lightweight and robust. At the same time, this antenna is capable of operating from 670 up to 5000 MHz, covering the entire LTE/5G band (overall fractional bandwidth of 198%). A shunt stub was introduced between the monopole and ground plane to achieve a low LTE band and provide mechanical robustness for the proposed structure. Simulated performance in terms of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and realized gain is described, showing a good agreement with the measurement results. Specifically, the antenna has a gain higher than −1 dBi at the low-frequency band (i.e., below 1 GHz) and higher than 3 dBi at the upper-frequency band (i.e., above 1.7 GHz). As per requirements, the ground plane size and layout can be properly chosen to fit the antenna into the available volume as well as to optimize the antenna’s performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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21 pages, 10858 KiB  
Article
Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards
by Ming-An Chung and Cheng-Wei Hsiao
Electronics 2022, 11(5), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050806 - 4 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3642
Abstract
Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are the mainstream of current antenna design. This paper proposes a dual-band 6 × 6 MIMO glasses antenna for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 indoor wireless communication. The six antennas have the same structure, all of which [...] Read more.
Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are the mainstream of current antenna design. This paper proposes a dual-band 6 × 6 MIMO glasses antenna for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 indoor wireless communication. The six antennas have the same structure, all of which are F-shaped monopole antennas. They are on the left and right temples, at the upper and lower ends of the left and right frames, which effectively uses the space of the glasses. The substrate uses FR4 (εr=4.4, tanδ=0.02). The antenna design is compact (9 mm × 50 mm × 0.8 mm) and the glasses model is made of FR4. The overall model is similar to virtual reality (VR) glasses, which are convenient for a user to wear. The proposed antenna has three working frequency bands, at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Through matching and optimization, the reflection coefficient can be lower than −10 dB. In addition, this paper evaluates two usage environments for simulation and measurement on the head and free space. The measurement results show that when the operating frequency band is at 2.45 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.1%, and the antenna gain is 1.9 dB. At 5.5 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.5%, and the antenna gain is 4.4 dB. At 6.7 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 85.4%, and the antenna gain is 3.7 dB. When the isolation of the MIMO antenna system is optimized, the low-frequency band is better than −10 dB, and the high-frequency band is better than −20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) values are all lower than 0.1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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21 pages, 8518 KiB  
Article
A System-Performance-Based Comparison of Sparse Regular and Irregular Antenna Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User MIMO Base Stations
by Roel X. F. Budé, Thomas A. H. Bressner, Martin N. Johansson, Marianna V. Ivashina, Adrianus Bernardus Smolders and Ulf Johannsen
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030335 - 21 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2566
Abstract
A system-level study was conducted that evaluated the system performance of various dense and sparse antenna array configurations for application in millimeter-wave multi-user multiple-input multiple-output base stations. The performance was evaluated by investigating the probability that a user experiences an outage when a [...] Read more.
A system-level study was conducted that evaluated the system performance of various dense and sparse antenna array configurations for application in millimeter-wave multi-user multiple-input multiple-output base stations. The performance was evaluated by investigating the probability that a user experiences an outage when a zero-forcing pre-coder is used in a random line of sight scenario. This paper shows that the outage probability significantly decreased when irregular sparse arrays were used rather than regular sparse or regular dense arrays. A re-configurable linear array was designed and realized as a demonstrator. It used 3D-printed aluminum box horn antenna elements that had wide scanning range in the azimuthal plane and a small scanning range in the elevation plane. For the demonstrator, it was shown that the outage probability was reduced from 3.85% to 0.64% by moving from a sparse regularly spaced array to a sparse randomly spaced array. This amounted to an improvement of a factor of six. The sparse topology allowed for the usage of large antenna elements that had an increased gain and still achieved wide-angle scanning, while reducing mutual coupling to a minimum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 6852 KiB  
Article
Design of Wideband Antenna Array with Dielectric Lens and Defected Ground Structure
by Jinhang Wang, Wenjie Cui, Yang Zhou, Ruipeng Liu, Mengjun Wang, Chao Fan, Hongxing Zheng and Erping Li
Electronics 2021, 10(17), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172066 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2489
Abstract
In order to increase the gain of an end-fire antenna array and improve its broadband characteristics, techniques using a dielectric lens and defected ground structure have been investigated in this paper. The element of the array was constructed using an antipodal tapered slot, [...] Read more.
In order to increase the gain of an end-fire antenna array and improve its broadband characteristics, techniques using a dielectric lens and defected ground structure have been investigated in this paper. The element of the array was constructed using an antipodal tapered slot, and two pairs of U-slots were symmetrically cut on the edges of the two antipodal fins to obtain better performance regarding impedance and radiation in the wider band. While loading an ellipse dielectric lens onto each element, the direction and gain were enhanced at the higher frequency. Meanwhile, a defected ground structure was added on the ground plane to decline the mutual coupling of adjacent radiation arms. This design method was verified by a four-element array and a four-way Wilkinson power divider was used as a feed network. Finally, a fabricated sample was tested. Experimental results showed the designed array was available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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10 pages, 3841 KiB  
Article
Design of a MIMO Antenna with High Gain and Enhanced Isolation for WLAN Applications
by He Peng, Ruixing Zhi, Qichao Yang, Jing Cai, Yi Wan and Gui Liu
Electronics 2021, 10(14), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141659 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 4166
Abstract
A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications operating in 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency bands is proposed in this paper. The proposed dual-band MIMO antenna is composed of two symmetrical radiation elements, and the isolation performance is [...] Read more.
A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications operating in 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency bands is proposed in this paper. The proposed dual-band MIMO antenna is composed of two symmetrical radiation elements, and the isolation performance is improved by adopting parasitic elements and a defective ground plane. The measured reflection coefficients are less than −10 dB in the bandwidth range of 2.12–2.8 GHz and 4.95–6.65 GHz, respectively. The measurements show excellent isolation of −21 dB and −15 dB in both desired frequency bands, respectively. The total peak gain is greater than 4.8 dBi. The calculated envelope correlation coefficients (ECC), based on the measured S-parameters, are smaller than 0.01 and 0.024 in the lower and higher frequency bands, respectively. The dimension of the presented antenna occupies 50 × 40 × 1.59 mm3. It is suitable for IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n (2.4–2.4835 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.725–5.85 GHz) WLAN applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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12 pages, 7739 KiB  
Article
Compact 2 × 2 Circularly Polarized Aperture-Coupled Antenna Array for Ka-Band Satcom-on-the-Move Applications
by Hisham Baghdadi, Guillermo Royo, Ismael Bel, Francisco Javier Cortés and Santiago Celma
Electronics 2021, 10(14), 1621; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141621 - 7 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3850
Abstract
This paper presents a novel design of a wideband circular polarization 2 × 2 microstrip antenna array working at Ka-band frequencies, from 27.5 to 31 GHz. This module is highly integrable with new silicon beamformer chips, creating a unit cell that can be [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel design of a wideband circular polarization 2 × 2 microstrip antenna array working at Ka-band frequencies, from 27.5 to 31 GHz. This module is highly integrable with new silicon beamformer chips, creating a unit cell that can be part of a large electronically steerable antenna for compact, ultra-low-profile, Satcom-on-the-move (SOTM) platforms. A multi-layer structure fabricated in standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology with high-yield substrates has been used. The radiating elements consist of double-stacked circular patches housed in a cavity and fed by H-shaped aperture coupling. It achieves a bandwidth of 16.5 % with a wide beam-width of 95° in the desired band, which is necessary for wide scanning angles in a large phased array. In the 2 × 2 unit cell, the antenna elements are distributed by means of a sequential rotation technique where the separation between two of them is 5.3 mm in the XY-plane. Broadside beam-widths ranging from 53.4° at 27.5 GHz to 42.1° at 31 GHz are achieved, with boresight directivities from 10.7 to 12.9 dBi, respectively, in both the RHCP and LHCP polarization. Moreover, mutual coupling levels below −20 dB and an axial ratio less than 3 dB in the whole band guarantee a good circular polarization purity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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12 pages, 5874 KiB  
Article
A Polyimide-Based Flexible Monopole Antenna Fed by a Coplanar Waveguide
by Dingyong Cang, Zhiliang Wang and Huiwen Qu
Electronics 2021, 10(3), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030334 - 1 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3768
Abstract
A 2.4 GHz flexible monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) was presented on polyimide (PI) as the dielectric substrate, which was fabricated by in situ self-metallization. The technology does not depend on expensive equipment or complex experimental environments, including hydrolysis, ion [...] Read more.
A 2.4 GHz flexible monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) was presented on polyimide (PI) as the dielectric substrate, which was fabricated by in situ self-metallization. The technology does not depend on expensive equipment or complex experimental environments, including hydrolysis, ion exchange, and reduction reaction. The measurement results show that the resonance frequency of the proposed antenna is 2.28 GHz, the bandwidth is 2.06–2.74 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 28.33% under the flat state. The bending and folding test was also carried out. Whether it was flat, bent, or folded, the measured results met the requirements of the antenna. A fatigue test was carried out to illustrate that the prepared film has high mechanical flexibility, which expands the application field of antenna. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design and Integration in Wireless Communications)
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