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Electronics
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Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications
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Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 31585

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Luca Di Rienzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Interests: computational electromagnetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electromagnetic devices and systems are becoming more and more complex, and experimental methods are often too costly or even not applicable. On the other hand, the rapid increase in computational power has made computational electromagnetics a reliable approach in virtual prototyping, design, and optimization. Hence, more efficient numerical models are needed to simulate the behavior of electromagnetic devices and give further insight into their operation in strong growing areas, such as energy, health, safety, and mobility.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to seek high-quality submissions that highlight contributions in numerical computation of electromagnetic fields and its applications to the design and operation of electromagnetic devices for all frequency ranges.

The topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Computational methods for electromagnetics
  • Electromagnetic modeling
  • Optimization of electromagnetic devices
  • Electromagnetic inverse problems
  • Uncertainty quantification in computational electromagnetics
  • Electromagnetic devices and application

Prof. Dr. Luca Di Rienzo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 7569 KiB  
Article
Acceleration of the Multi-Level Fast Multipole Algorithm Using K-Means Clustering
by Dal-jae Yun, Haewon Jung, Hoon Kang, Woo-Yong Yang and Dong-Wook Seo
Electronics 2020, 9(11), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111926 - 16 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2232
Abstract
The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) using K-means clustering to accelerate electromagnetic scattering analysis for large complex targets is presented. By replacing the regular cube grouping with the K-means clustering, the addition theorem is more accurately approximated. The convergence rate of an iterative [...] Read more.
The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) using K-means clustering to accelerate electromagnetic scattering analysis for large complex targets is presented. By replacing the regular cube grouping with the K-means clustering, the addition theorem is more accurately approximated. The convergence rate of an iterative solver is thus improved significantly. However, irregular centroid locations as a result of the K-means clustering increase the amount of explicit transfer function calculations, compared with the regular cubes. In the MLFMA, a multilevel hierarchical structure is applied to the finite multipole method (FMM) to reduce transfer function calculations. Therefore, the MLFMA is suitable for applying K-means clustering. Simulation results with both canonical and realistic targets show an improvement in the computation time of the proposed algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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12 pages, 2011 KiB  
Article
A Fast-Converging Scheme for the Electromagnetic Scattering from a Thin Dielectric Disk
by Mario Lucido, Mykhaylo V. Balaban, Sergii Dukhopelnykov and Alexander I. Nosich
Electronics 2020, 9(9), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091451 - 6 Sep 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
In this paper, the analysis of the electromagnetic scattering from a thin dielectric disk is formulated as two sets of one-dimensional integral equations in the vector Hankel transform domain by taking advantage of the revolution symmetry of the problem and by imposing the [...] Read more.
In this paper, the analysis of the electromagnetic scattering from a thin dielectric disk is formulated as two sets of one-dimensional integral equations in the vector Hankel transform domain by taking advantage of the revolution symmetry of the problem and by imposing the generalized boundary conditions on the disk surface. The problem is further simplified by means of Helmholtz decomposition, which allows to introduce new scalar unknows in the spectral domain. Galerkin method with complete sets of orthogonal eigenfunctions of the static parts of the integral operators, reconstructing the physical behavior of the fields, as expansion bases, is applied to discretize the integral equations. The obtained matrix equations are Fredholm second-kind equations whose coefficients are efficiently numerically evaluated by means of a suitable analytical technique. Numerical results and comparisons with the commercial software CST Microwave Studio are provided showing the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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12 pages, 3476 KiB  
Article
Detecting Permafrost in Plateau and Mountainous Areas by Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Sensing
by Benyu Su, Rongfu Rao, Zhixiong Li, Lei Song and Jianhua Yue
Electronics 2020, 9(8), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081229 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2842
Abstract
Transportation has become a key bottleneck which restricts economic development in Western China. However, during the construction of the western railway, the permafrost problem has plagued railway construction on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and has not yet been resolved. Accurately identifying permafrost by geophysical [...] Read more.
Transportation has become a key bottleneck which restricts economic development in Western China. However, during the construction of the western railway, the permafrost problem has plagued railway construction on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and has not yet been resolved. Accurately identifying permafrost by geophysical method is the most effective means to solve this problem. However, the mountainous and plateau terrain in Western China impose huge challenges in collecting geophysical data. To address this issue, this paper proposes an airborne transient electromagnetic method to collect geophysical electromagnetic data to identify permafrost in the mountains and plateaus of Western China. Based on Maxwell’s equations, the forward model of the airborne electromagnetic was derived, and the finite element method was used to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) space electromagnetic responses of different permafrost geo-electrical models. Furthermore, a coupling function was constructed to estimate the distribution of the resistivity of the permafrost by the least-squares fitting algorithm. Comparison between inversion resistivity distribution and the geo-electrical model showed that the proposed airborne transient electromagnetic method was valid for exploring the permafrost in the mountains and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in Western China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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17 pages, 4171 KiB  
Article
Marching On-In-Time Unstructured PEEC Method for Electrically Large Structures with Conductive, Dielectric, and Magnetic Media
by Riccardo Torchio, Dimitri Voltolina, Paolo Bettini, Federico Moro and Piergiorgio Alotto
Electronics 2020, 9(2), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020242 - 2 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2762
Abstract
The Marching On-In-Time (MOT) unstructured Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method for time domain electromagnetic problems is presented. The method allows the transient analysis of electrically large electromagnetic devices consisting of conductive, dielectric, and magnetic media coupled with external lumped circuits. By re-formulating [...] Read more.
The Marching On-In-Time (MOT) unstructured Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method for time domain electromagnetic problems is presented. The method allows the transient analysis of electrically large electromagnetic devices consisting of conductive, dielectric, and magnetic media coupled with external lumped circuits. By re-formulating PEEC following the Coulombian interpretation of magnetization phenomena and by using electric and magnetic vector potentials, the proposed approach allows for a completely equivalent treatment of electric and magnetic media and inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials are accounted for as well. With respect to the recently proposed Marching On-In-Time PEEC approach, based on the standard (structured) discretization of PEEC, the method presented in this paper uses a different space and time MOT discretization, which allows for a reduction in the number of the unknowns. Analytical and industrial test cases consisting in electrically large devices are considered (e.g., the model of a Neutral Beam Injector adopted in thermonuclear fusion applications). Results obtained from the simulations show that the proposed method is accurate and yields good performances. Moreover, when rich harmonic content transient phenomena are considered, the unstructured MOT–PEEC method allows for a significant reduction of the memory and computation time when compared to techniques based on Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform applied to the frequency domain unstructured PEEC approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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14 pages, 1334 KiB  
Article
Efficient Evaluation of Slowly Converging Integrals Arising from MAP Application to a Spectral-Domain Integral Equation
by Mario Lucido, Marco Donald Migliore, Alexander I. Nosich, Gaetano Panariello, Daniele Pinchera and Fulvio Schettino
Electronics 2019, 8(12), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121500 - 8 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2539
Abstract
In this paper, we devised an analytical technique to efficiently evaluate the improper integrals of oscillating and slowly decaying functions arising from the application of the method of analytical preconditioning (MAP) to a spectral-domain integral equation. The reasoning behind the method’s application may [...] Read more.
In this paper, we devised an analytical technique to efficiently evaluate the improper integrals of oscillating and slowly decaying functions arising from the application of the method of analytical preconditioning (MAP) to a spectral-domain integral equation. The reasoning behind the method’s application may consistently remain the same, but such a procedure can significantly differ from problem to problem. An exhaustive and understandable description of such a technique is provided in this paper, where we applied MAP for the first time to analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a zero-thickness perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) disk in a planarly layered medium. Our problem was formulated in the vector Hankel transform domain and discretized via the Galerkin method, with expansion functions reconstructing the physical behavior of the surface current density. This ensured fast convergence in terms of the truncation order, but involved numerical evaluation of slowly converging integrals to fill in the coefficient matrix. To overcome this problem, appropriate contributions were pulled out of the kernels of the integrals, which led to integrands transforming into exponentially decaying functions. Subsequently, integrals of the extracted contributions were expressed as linear combinations of fast-converging integrals via the Cauchy integral theorem. As shown in the numerical results section, the proposed technique drastically outperformed the classical analytical asymptotic-acceleration technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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15 pages, 2636 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Loss Analysis in Coaxial Magnetic Gears
by Mattia Filippini, Piergiorgio Alotto, Vincenzo Cirimele, Maurizio Repetto, Carlo Ragusa, Luca Dimauro and Elvio Bonisoli
Electronics 2019, 8(11), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111320 - 9 Nov 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4536
Abstract
This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These magnetic structures are made of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles in relative motion transferring torque between two shafts in a contactless way. The loss computation in magnetic materials is [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These magnetic structures are made of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles in relative motion transferring torque between two shafts in a contactless way. The loss computation in magnetic materials is crucial to define the system performance. The flux distribution inside the iron parts is computed by means of the finite element method and a model of iron losses taking into account the rotational nature of the flux loci is applied. The procedure highlights where the major loss sources are present and gives the opportunity to evaluate some corrective measures to reduce their effects. Particular attention is devoted to the 2D modeling in presence of permanent magnets segmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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Review

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31 pages, 1342 KiB  
Review
Open-Source Software for Electromagnetic Scattering Simulation: The Case of Antenna Design
by Alessandro Fedeli, Claudio Montecucco and Gian Luigi Gragnani
Electronics 2019, 8(12), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121506 - 9 Dec 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 13267
Abstract
Electromagnetic scattering simulation is an extremely wide and interesting field, and its continuous evolution is associated with the development of computing resources. Undeniably, antenna design at all levels strongly relies on electromagnetic simulation software. However, despite the large number and the high quality [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic scattering simulation is an extremely wide and interesting field, and its continuous evolution is associated with the development of computing resources. Undeniably, antenna design at all levels strongly relies on electromagnetic simulation software. However, despite the large number and the high quality of the available open-source simulation packages, most companies have no doubts about the choice of commercial program suites. At the same time, in the academic world, it is frequent to develop in-house simulation software, even from scratch and without proper knowledge of the existing possibilities. The rationale of the present paper is to review, from a practical viewpoint, the open-source software that can be useful in the antenna design process. To this end, an introductory overview of the usual design workflow is firstly presented. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of open-source software compared to its commercial counterpart are analyzed. After that, the main open-source packages that are currently available online are briefly described. The last part of this paper is devoted to a preliminary numerical benchmark for the assessment of the capabilities and limitations of a subset of the presented open-source programs. The benchmark includes the calculation of some fundamental antenna parameters for four different typologies of radiating elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications)
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