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Environments
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Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition)
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Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Environments (ISSN 2076-3298).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 4976

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Athanasia Tolkou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-654 04 Kavala, Greece
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; coagulation; adsorption; arsenic removal; fluoride removal; chromate removal; dye removal; activated carbon; graphene oxide
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. George Z. Kyzas

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-654 04 Kavala, Greece
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; nanomaterials; graphene; microplastics; photocatalysts; heavy metals; polymeric adsorbents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With more than two billion people worldwide suffering from water scarcity, clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. Wastewater, or spent water, can be considered a valuable natural resource if treated and reused. This Special Issue aims to address the current pressing problems of natural water resource contamination, as well as wastewater’s treatment and reuse. Papers are invited that investigate innovative treatment options for aquatic environments.

Topics may include, but are not limited to, water and wastewater treatment technologies that can address contaminants of emerging concern for the aquatic environment, such as membrane filtration, adsorption, coagulation, ion exchange, biological processes, ozonation and advanced oxidation or hybrid processes. Moreover, papers are welcome that deal with the fate and removal of microplastics, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, oxyanions, toxic dyes and several other environmental pollutants of global concern.

This Special Issue seeks to collect original research and critical reviews of scientific and technical information. Case studies describing real-life applications of novel technologies are also very welcome.

The publications in the first volume, which we believe may be of interest to you, can be found here: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/environments/special_issues/9YJ9178BY6.

Dr. Athanasia Tolkou
Prof. Dr. George Z. Kyzas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Environments is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • membrane filtration
  • adsorption
  • coagulation
  • ozonation
  • hybrid processes
  • microplastics
  • heavy metals
  • pharmaceuticals
  • oxyanions
  • dyes

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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38 pages, 2806 KiB  
Article
Removal of Organic Micropollutants and Microplastics via Ozonation Followed by Granular Activated Carbon Filtration
by Zoé Béalu, Johanna Walther, Attaallah Abusafia, Korinna Altmann, Maren Meurer, Oliver Gretzschel, Michael Schäfer and Heidrun Steinmetz
Environments 2024, 11(11), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11110241 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 923
Abstract
Discharge from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) can result in the emission of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and microplastics (MPs) into the aquatic environment. To prevent this harmful release, a pilot plant consisting of an ozonation followed by a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was [...] Read more.
Discharge from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) can result in the emission of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and microplastics (MPs) into the aquatic environment. To prevent this harmful release, a pilot plant consisting of an ozonation followed by a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was operated at a WWTP in Germany, and its side-effects on the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) compounds were measured. Over 80% of OMPs and transformation products were removed during the operating time (around 6000 bed volumes) no matter the ozone dose (from around 0.1 to 0.5 mgO3/mgDOC), except for Diatrizoic acid, whose breakthrough appeared at 3500 BV. Formation of the oxidation by-product, NDMA, increased with higher ozone doses, but the concentration remained below 100 ng/L. Bromate was formed at a higher ozone dose (>0.4 mgO3/mgDOC) but at a low concentration—below 10 µg/L. The MP particles detected in the inflow (PE, SBR, PP, and PS) were effectively eliminated to a high degree, with a removal rate of at least 92%. Carbon parameters (COD, DOC, and SAC254) were removed further by the pilot plant, but to different extents. As expected, nitrate was formed during ozonation, while nitrite’s concentration decreased. Further, nitrite decreased and nitrate increased within the GAC filter, while ammonium was eliminated by at least 90%. Total P concentration decreased after the pilot, but the concentration of PO4-P increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition))
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16 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
The Ultimate Fate of Reactive Dyes Absorbed onto Polymer Beads: Feasibility and Optimization of Sorbent Bio-Regeneration under Alternated Anaerobic–Aerobic Phases
by Domenica Mosca Angelucci, Valentina Stazi and Maria Concetta Tomei
Environments 2024, 11(9), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11090207 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
Dyes employed in many production cycles are characterized by high toxicity and persistence in the environment, and conventional wastewater treatments often fail to reach high removal efficiencies. Consequently, there is an increasing research demand aimed at the development of more efficient and sustainable [...] Read more.
Dyes employed in many production cycles are characterized by high toxicity and persistence in the environment, and conventional wastewater treatments often fail to reach high removal efficiencies. Consequently, there is an increasing research demand aimed at the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies. A two-step strategy consisting of dye sorption followed by sorbent bio-regeneration is proposed here, with a special focus on the regeneration step. The objective of this study was to establish the best operating conditions to achieve regeneration of dye-loaded polymers and concurrently the ultimate removal of the dyes. To this aim, the bio-regeneration of the Hytrel 8206 polymer, used as a sorbent material to remove Remazol Red dye from textile wastewater, was investigated in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) under alternated anaerobic–aerobic conditions. Comprehensive analysis of operational parameters, including sorbent load and initial contamination levels, was conducted to optimize bio-regeneration efficiency. Experimental data demonstrated high regeneration efficiencies (91–98%) with biodegradation efficiencies up to 89%. This study also examines the biodegradation process to investigate the fate of biodegradation intermediates; results confirmed the successful degradation of the dye without significant by-product accumulation. This research underscores the potential of TPPB-based bio-regeneration of polymeric sorbent material for sustainable wastewater treatment, offering a promising solution to the global challenge of dye pollution in water resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition))
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19 pages, 4428 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of a Mixture of Daily Use Pharmaceuticals on Pristine and Aged Polypropylene Microplastics
by Dimitrios Kalaronis, Eleni Evgenidou, George Z. Kyzas, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris and Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
Environments 2024, 11(9), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11090198 - 11 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123
Abstract
The main goal of this study is the examination of polypropylene (PP) microplastics (MPs) as possible carriers of daily use pharmaceutical compounds. The selected compounds can be separated into three groups: (i) antibiotics (Trimethoprim, Metronidazole, Indomethacin, Isoniazid), (ii) anti-inflammatories (Ketoprofen, Diclofenac), and (iii) [...] Read more.
The main goal of this study is the examination of polypropylene (PP) microplastics (MPs) as possible carriers of daily use pharmaceutical compounds. The selected compounds can be separated into three groups: (i) antibiotics (Trimethoprim, Metronidazole, Indomethacin, Isoniazid), (ii) anti-inflammatories (Ketoprofen, Diclofenac), and (iii) anti-hypertensive (Valsartan). Two types of PP MPs (virgin and UV-aged) were used in the experimental procedure, and the effect of time and the effect of the initial concentrations of the drugs were examined. The impact of various environmental factors such as pH, salinity, and natural organic matter were also explored. The last two factors were studied using real aqueous matrices such as wastewater and seawater. According to the obtained results, the highest uptake was observed in indomethacin (9.3 mg/g) and diclofenac (7.3 mg/g), owing to their physiochemical properties. Aged particles showed enhanced adsorption ability in accordance with the existing literature, as their adsorption capacity was between 0.5–1.5 times greater than that of the virgin ones. Regarding the desorption of compounds from the virgin and aged PP MPs at three different pH values, diclofenac and indomethacin exhibited the highest desorption capacity, while alkaline conditions favored the desorption ability of PP MPs for most of the target compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition))
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Review

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14 pages, 542 KiB  
Review
A Review of Chitosan as a Coagulant of Health-Related Microorganisms in Water and Wastewater
by Collin Knox Coleman, Hemali H. Oza, Emily S. Bailey and Mark D. Sobsey
Environments 2024, 11(10), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11100211 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1743
Abstract
The coagulation and flocculation properties of chitosan, an organic biopolymer derived from chitin, have been researched as an alternative to synthetic polymers and inorganic metal salt coagulants currently used in water and wastewater treatment. In an effort to encourage further research into the [...] Read more.
The coagulation and flocculation properties of chitosan, an organic biopolymer derived from chitin, have been researched as an alternative to synthetic polymers and inorganic metal salt coagulants currently used in water and wastewater treatment. In an effort to encourage further research into the practical uses of chitosan as green chemistry in water and wastewater treatment and to promote the efficacious removal of microbial contaminants in drinking and wastewater, we have summarized the current state of research pertaining to the treatment of microorganisms in water and wastewater. A search of PubMed revealed 720 possible titles and abstracts, of which 44 full-text articles were identified as matching the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Results are presented based on the type of water matrix treated (i.e., drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters) and a summary table providing details on the types and forms of chitosan utilized and the treatment mechanisms and processes described in the study. We find chitosan to be an effective coagulant, flocculant, and adsorbent for removing microbes from water and wastewater; some modified forms of chitosan can inactivate microbes and achieve disinfection, such as those containing metals like silver and antimicrobial chemicals like quaternary ammonium compounds or other strong oxidants, and use with filtration or electrochemical processes can achieve extensive reductions in microbes to meet performance targets of the World Health Organization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition))
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