Ammonia Combustion: Experimental and Numerical Studies

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1084

Special Issue Editors

Reactive Flows and Diagnostics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Interests: hydrogen; ammonia; engine combustion; heat pump; laser diagnostic
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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, College of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
Interests: renewable fuels; concentrator photovoltaics; thermoelectrics; spectrum splitting; solar energy
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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: high-pressure combustion; laser diagnostics; ammonia/hydrogen flame; flame dynamics; combustion
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Interests: turbulent combustion; reduced chemistry; ignition; numerical simulation; chemical kinetics
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Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
Interests: low/zero carbon engine; green shipping; LNG/methanol/ammonia fuel system for shipping; spray and combustion; simulation and modeling; laser diagnosis; distributed energy system
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Fire is dedicated to advancing the understanding of ammonia combustion, its applications in gas turbines and internal combustion engines, and the innovative techniques that enhance its performance. With a focus on sustainability and reduced emissions, this issue brings together a collection of research papers that provide comprehensive insights into the current state and future potential of ammonia as a clean fuel source.

The aim of this Special Issue is to encapsulate the multidisciplinary nature of ammonia combustion research, ranging from fundamental combustion characteristics to practical engine performance and emission profiles. It includes systematic literature reviews that assess the progress and challenges in ammonia-fueled engines and gas turbines, highlighting the benefits and limitations of using ammonia and hydrogen as fuels.

Technological advancements are explored through papers that discuss the application of machine learning for predicting NOx emissions in ammonia–hydrogen–air flames, offering a glimpse into the potential of artificial intelligence in combustion modeling. This issue also delves into the nuances of ammonia vaporization and cracking, utilizing exhaust gases from gas turbines, and structural analysis of laminar ammonia–hydrogen flames using advanced diagnostic techniques such as Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence.

The scope extends to numerical studies that investigate the combustion process of ammonia sprays ignited by dimethyl ether jets, providing detailed insights into mixing, ignition, and combustion dynamics. Furthermore, this issue examines the spark ignition process of laminar premixed ammonia–hydrogen–air flames, crucial for optimizing engine performance and minimizing emissions.

Lastly, this Special Issue explores the ignition characteristics of a pre-chamber jet flame ignition system in a two-stroke ammonia engine, showcasing innovative approaches to enhance ammonia combustion efficiency.

In summary, this Special Issue serves as a platform for researchers and practitioners to share knowledge, discuss recent advancements, and explore new horizons in ammonia combustion science and technology, with the ultimate goal of promoting cleaner and more efficient energy solutions for a sustainable future.

Dr. Hao Shi
Dr. Mohammad Alnajideen
Dr. Guoqing Wang
Dr. Chunkan Yu
Dr. Dongsheng Dong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • ammonia combustion
  • ammonia–hydorgen combustion
  • internal combustion engine
  • gas turbine
  • machine learning prediction
  • NOx emissions reduction
  • ammonia ignition enhancement

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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22 pages, 10024 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Liquid Ammonia Spray Ignited by Dimethyl Ether Spray
by Yupeng Leng, Liming Dai, Qian Wang, Jiayu Lu, Ouqing Yu and Nigel John Simms
Fire 2025, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8010014 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
Ammonia has attracted considerable attention as a zero-carbon fuel for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries. However, its low reactivity and narrow flammability limit efficient ignition and efficient combustion. By using CONVERGR software, this study numerically investigates the ignition and combustion characteristics of liquid ammonia spray [...] Read more.
Ammonia has attracted considerable attention as a zero-carbon fuel for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries. However, its low reactivity and narrow flammability limit efficient ignition and efficient combustion. By using CONVERGR software, this study numerically investigates the ignition and combustion characteristics of liquid ammonia spray ignited by dimethyl ether spray in a constant-volume chamber at an ambient temperature of 900 K. Critical parameters, including injection angles (90°–150°), liquid ammonia injection pressures (60–90 MPa), and ambient pressures (2.8–5.8 MPa), were systematically analyzed to evaluate their effects on ignition conditions and emissions. Results indicate that increasing the injection angle improves mixing between liquid ammonia and dimethyl ether sprays, enhancing combustion efficiency and achieving a maximum efficiency of 92.47% at 120°. Excessively large angles cause incomplete combustion or misfire. Higher liquid ammonia injection pressures improve atomization and promote earlier interactions between the sprays but reduce combustion efficiency, decreasing by approximately 2% as injection pressure increases from 60 MPa to 90 MPa. Higher ambient pressures improve combustion stability but decrease ammonia combustion efficiency. Post-combustion NO emissions at 5.8 MPa are reduced by 60.48% compared to 3.8 MPa. The formation of NO is strongly correlated with the combustion efficiency of liquid ammonia. A higher combustion rate of liquid ammonia tends to result in elevated NO. Based on these findings, an injection angle of 120°, an NH3 injection pressure of 75 MPa, and an ambient pressure of 3.8 MPa are recommended to optimize combustion efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ammonia Combustion: Experimental and Numerical Studies)
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