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Fishes
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Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress
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Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 6161

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yafei Duan

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Guest Editor
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
Interests: environmental stress; aquatic toxicology; pollutants; intestine microbiota; nutritional immunity; multiomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yanming Sui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
Interests: seawater acidification; temperature; hypoxia; microplastics; mussel; shellfish
Dr. Changhong Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
Interests: environmental stress; immune regulation; apoptosis; shellfish
Dr. Kai Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
Interests: molecular biology; fish breeding; genetics; genome; aquatic economic animals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the process of aquaculture, with the improvement of intensive farming, the stress of cultured animals occurs frequently. When the stress exceeds an animal's physiological tolerance, it adversely affects the survival, growth, and health of aquatic animals, ultimately leading to disease occurrence and a decline in breeding benefits. There are many factors that induce stress in aquatic animals, including environmental factors (such as water quality parameters), biological factors (including competition and pathogenic infections), and human-related factors (such as improper management, fishing practices, and transportation). Additionally, alterations in natural water or marine ecological environments, such as the presence of environmental pollutants, can also trigger stress responses in aquatic animals, resulting in detrimental effects. Addressing the urgent need to understand the physiological response mechanisms of aquatic animals to stress and devising strategies to eliminate or alleviate this stress are imperative. This Special Issue warmly welcomes original articles and review articles covering the physiological response mechanism of aquatic animals to stress, including physiology, biochemistry, immunity, metabolism, and molecular regulation.

Dr. Yafei Duan
Dr. Yanming Sui
Dr. Changhong Cheng
Dr. Kai Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental stress
  • pollutants
  • pathogen infection
  • physiology
  • biochemistry
  • immunology
  • metabolism
  • intestinal microbes
  • omics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1884 KiB  
Article
Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions
by Meng Xiao, Yuxiu Nan, Yukai Yang, Hua Li and Yafei Duan
Fishes 2024, 9(11), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110463 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline–alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 5 mmol/L [...] Read more.
Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline–alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 5 mmol/L CA stress for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days to explore the physiological changes in the gills under CA stress and recovery conditions at multiple biological levels. The results showed that CA stress increased the activities of antioxidative biochemical indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, and POD) and the relative expression levels of romo1, nrf2, and gpx genes, while it decreased the relative expression levels of the sod and hsp70 genes. In addition, CA stress also increased the relative expression levels of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (bip, ire1, and xbp1), immunity (alf, crus, pen-3 and propo), apoptosis (casp-3), detoxification metabolism (cyp450 and gst), and osmotic adjustment (ca, nka-α, nka-β, vatp, nhe, clc, aqp, tip4, and ccp). Although changes in some of the physiological indexes were reversed after the CA stress was relieved, they still could not effectively recover to the control level. These results reveal that CA stress has a negative impact on physiological homeostasis in the shrimp gills by inducing oxidation and ER stress and by interfering with immunity, apoptosis, detoxification, and osmotic adjustment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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13 pages, 1412 KiB  
Article
Transport of American Bullfrogs with Moistened Foam and without Foam: Plasma Biochemistry and Erythrogram Responses
by Adriana Xavier Alves, Nayara Netto dos Santos, Gean Paulo Andrade Reis, Mariele Lana, Bruno Dias dos Santos, Ragli Oliveira Azevedo, Renan Rosa Paulino, Frederico Augusto de Alcântara Costa, Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos Campelo and Galileu Crovatto Veras
Fishes 2024, 9(9), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9090347 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 743
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate two transportation methods (with moistened foam and without foam) for 10 h on blood parameters of bullfrogs 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after transportation. There was no mortality. The glucose increased at 0 and 12 h [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate two transportation methods (with moistened foam and without foam) for 10 h on blood parameters of bullfrogs 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after transportation. There was no mortality. The glucose increased at 0 and 12 h after transportation and returned to baseline at 24 h in both transportations. Triglycerides increased at 0 and 6 h in both transportations and were restored 12 h after transport with foam and 24 h in transport without foam. Plasma proteins and globulins increased at 0 h after transportation under both transportations. After 48 h, there was a reduction in transport without foam. Globulins decreased 48 h under both transportations. Albumin increased at 12, 24, and 48 h after both transportations. Transport with foam had high albumin. The albumin/globulin ratio increased 24 and 48 h after both transportations. The number of erythrocytes increased at 0 h and recovered after 6 h in transport with foam and 12 h in transport without foam. Hematocrit and hemoglobin increased at 0 h and recovered at 6 h in both transportations. MCV increased 48 h after transportation with foam. MCHC decreased 12, 24, and 48 h after both transportations. MCH was lower in the transport carried out with foam. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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15 pages, 8048 KiB  
Article
Effects of High Dietary Starch Levels on the Growth Performance, Liver Function, and Metabolome of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
by Lihui Sun, Jianlin Guo, Qian Li, Jianhu Jiang, Jianming Chen, Lingmei Gao, Bicheng Yang and Jun Peng
Fishes 2024, 9(7), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070256 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 998
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a 16-week feeding trial to investigate the effects of a high-cassava starch diet on growth performance, liver function, and metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We formulated five diets containing varying levels of cassava starch: 12%, [...] Read more.
In this study, we conducted a 16-week feeding trial to investigate the effects of a high-cassava starch diet on growth performance, liver function, and metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We formulated five diets containing varying levels of cassava starch: 12%, 9%, 6%, 3%, and 0% (termed M12, M9, M6, M3, and M0, respectively). We distributed these diets among largemouth bass with the initial body weight of 83.33 ± 0.55 g via an in-pond “raceway” aquaculture system. Our findings suggest that high level (12%) of cassava starch dietary inclusion adversely affected growth performance metrics such as weight gain rate and specific growth rate, along with feed utilization efficiency indicators, including protein efficiency, protein deposition rate, and the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein. This negative impact was accompanied by a decrease in intestinal amylase activity. Through further transcriptomic analysis, we identified several key genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, which underwent changes influencing liver function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the involvement of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Comparative metabolomics analysis further indicated that the M9 group showed significant enrichment in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and alterations in the levels of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that incorporating up to 9% cassava starch in the diet can enhance growth performance in largemouth bass by stimulating digestive enzyme activities and promoting glucose utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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16 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Juvenile Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii under Air Exposure Stress
by Changlin Liu, Zheng Zhang, Shouyong Wei, Wenjie Xiao, Chao Zhao, Yue Wang and Liguo Yang
Fishes 2024, 9(6), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060239 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1163
Abstract
The study aimed to uncover the molecular response of juvenile Sebastes schlegelii to air exposure stress by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may underlie their anti-stress mechanisms. Juvenile Sebastes schlegelii were subjected to varying durations of air exposure stress. The total RNA [...] Read more.
The study aimed to uncover the molecular response of juvenile Sebastes schlegelii to air exposure stress by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may underlie their anti-stress mechanisms. Juvenile Sebastes schlegelii were subjected to varying durations of air exposure stress. The total RNA was extracted from whole tissues and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The transcriptome data were analyzed to identify DEGs through pairwise comparisons across a control group and two experimental groups exposed to air for 40 s and 2 min 30 s, respectively. The comparative DEG analysis revealed a significant number of transcripts responding to air exposure stress. Specifically, 5173 DEGs were identified in the 40 s exposure group (BS) compared to the control (BC), 6742 DEGs in the 2 min 30 s exposure group (BD) compared to the control (BC), and 2653 DEGs when comparing the BD to the BS group. Notably, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed an enrichment of DEGs associated with peptidase activity and extracellular regions, suggesting a role in the organism’s stress response. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis pointed to the involvement of metabolic pathways, which are crucial for energy management under stress. The upregulation of protein digestion and absorption pathways may indicate a physiological adaptation to nutrient scarcity during stress. Additionally, the identification of antibiotic biosynthesis pathways implies a potential role in combating stress-induced infections or damage. The identified DEGs and enriched pathways provide insights into the complex anti-stress response mechanisms in juvenile Sebastes schlegelii. The enrichment of peptidase activity and extracellular region-related genes may reflect the initiation of tissue repair and immune response following air exposure. The connection between protein digestion and absorption pathways and anti-stress capabilities could be interpreted as a metabolic readjustment to prioritize energy-efficient processes and nutrient assimilation during stress. The role of antibiotic biosynthesis pathways suggests a defensive mechanism against oxidative stress or microbial invasion that might occur with air exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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14 pages, 7508 KiB  
Article
Calmodulin Gene of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression after Aeromonas hydrophila and Cadmium Challenges
by Jinwei Gao, Hao Wu, Xing Tian, Jiayu Wu, Min Xie, Zhenzhen Xiong, Dongsheng Ou, Zhonggui Xie and Rui Song
Fishes 2024, 9(5), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050182 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
Calmodulin (Calm), a crucial Ca2+ sensor, plays an important role in calcium-dependent signal transduction cascades. However, the expression and the relevance of Calm in stress and immune response have not been characterized in Megalobrama amblycephala. In this study, we identified the [...] Read more.
Calmodulin (Calm), a crucial Ca2+ sensor, plays an important role in calcium-dependent signal transduction cascades. However, the expression and the relevance of Calm in stress and immune response have not been characterized in Megalobrama amblycephala. In this study, we identified the full-length cDNA of Calm (termed MaCalm) in blunt snout bream M. amblycephala, and analyzed MaCalm expression patterns in response to cadmium and Aeromonas hydrophila challenges. MaCalm was 1603 bp long, including a 5′-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 97 bp, a 3′-terminal UTR of 1056 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight (MW) of 16.84 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.09. Usually, MaCalm contains four conservative EF hand motifs. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of MaCalm specifically clustered with Ctenopharyngodon idella with high identity (98.33%). Tissue distribution analysis demonstrated that the ubiquitous expression of MaCalm mRNA was found in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the brain and the lowest expression in muscle. MaCalm showed significant upregulation at 14 d and 28 d post exposure to varying concentrations of cadmium in the liver; HSP70 transcripts in the liver significantly upregulated at 14 d post exposure to different concentrations of cadmium. Moreover, in response to the A. hydrophila challenge in vivo, MaCalm transcripts in the liver first increased and then decreased, but MaCalm transcripts in the kidney declined gradually with prolonged infection. After the A. hydrophila challenge, the expression level of HSP70 was significantly downregulated at 24 h in the liver and its expression level was notably downregulated at 12 h and at 24 h in the kidney. Collectively, our results suggest that MaCalm possesses vital roles in stress and immune response in M. amblycephala. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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14 pages, 4036 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Gut Microbiota of Loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under Chronic Ammonia Nitrogen Stress
by Yuqiao Chai, Shuhao Sun and Yingdong Li
Fishes 2024, 9(5), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050180 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
This study examined the impact of tea polyphenols (TPs) on the intestinal flora of loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under chronic ammonia nitrogen stress using high-throughput sequencing. Two groups of 600 loaches were studied over one month, and they were separated into a [...] Read more.
This study examined the impact of tea polyphenols (TPs) on the intestinal flora of loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under chronic ammonia nitrogen stress using high-throughput sequencing. Two groups of 600 loaches were studied over one month, and they were separated into a control group and tea polyphenol group. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed diverse bacterial communities, with significant differences in the abundance and uniformity observed initially but not between sampling time points. Cluster analyses revealed distinct differences in microbial communities between groups. A predictive function analysis indicated enrichment in pathways related to amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. These findings offer initial insights into how tea polyphenols may affect intestinal microbial communities in loaches under ammonia nitrogen stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress)
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