Fluid–Structure Interaction in Biological Systems

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Non-Newtonian and Complex Fluids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 4092

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; bio-fluid mechanics; flow-structure-acoustic interaction; complex flow

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI), which refers to the interaction of a moveable and/or deformable structure with an internal/external of surrounding fluid, commonly occurs in biological systems and is oftentimes critical to the physiological/biological functions of the systems. Prominent examples include cardiovascular system where the pumping of blood from the heart is the result of deformation of the heart wall and the functioning of the heart valves is mostly driven by FSI; gastrointestinal system where peristalsis is employed to move food; the respiratory system where contraction/expansion of the lungs leads to respiration; the phonatory system where FSI is employed to produce sound as well as swimming fish, flying birds and insects where FSI is employed to generate lift and thrust. Studying FSI in biological systems can lead to improved fundamental understanding of biological functions, health care as well as bio-inspired engineering designs.

Significant challenges in studying FSI in biological systems include large deformations, complex geometries and nonlinear viscous elastic materials. Recent advances in experimental, computational and theoretical approaches provide us ever-since capabilities to tackle these challenges. Many ground-breaking methodologies and findings were enabled. This Special Issue intends to gather recent advances of studying FSI in biological system in both methodology and mechanism finding using experimental, computational, theoretical approach or their combinations. This Special Issue will be of interest to fluid and solid mechanics research communities, and also to biological and biomedical communities. 

Dr. Xudong Zheng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • flow-structure interaction
  • bio-fluid mechanics
  • cardiovascular system
  • gastrointestinal system
  • phonatory system

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 4988 KiB  
Article
Computational Analysis of Wall Shear Stress Patterns on Calcified and Bicuspid Aortic Valves: Focus on Radial and Coaptation Patterns
by Huseyin Enes Salman, Levent Saltik and Huseyin C. Yalcin
Fluids 2021, 6(8), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6080287 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3239
Abstract
Calcification and bicuspid valve formation are important aortic valve disorders that disturb the hemodynamics and the valve function. The detailed analysis of aortic valve hemodynamics would lead to a better understanding of the disease’s etiology. We computationally modeled the aortic valve using simplified [...] Read more.
Calcification and bicuspid valve formation are important aortic valve disorders that disturb the hemodynamics and the valve function. The detailed analysis of aortic valve hemodynamics would lead to a better understanding of the disease’s etiology. We computationally modeled the aortic valve using simplified three-dimensional geometry and inlet velocity conditions obtained via echocardiography. We examined various calcification severities and bicuspid valve formation. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analyses were adapted using ANSYS Workbench to incorporate both flow dynamics and leaflet deformation accurately. Simulation results were validated by comparing leaflet movements in B-mode echo recordings. Results indicate that the biomechanical environment is significantly changed for calcified and bicuspid valves. High flow jet velocities are observed in the calcified valves which results in high transvalvular pressure difference (TPG). Wall shear stresses (WSS) increased with the calcification on both fibrosa (aorta side) and ventricularis (left ventricle side) surfaces of the leaflet. The WSS distribution is regular on the ventricularis, as the WSS values proportionally increase from the base to the tip of the leaflet. However, WSS patterns are spatially complex on the fibrosa side. Low WSS levels and spatially complex WSS patterns on the fibrosa side are considered as promoting factors for further calcification and valvular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid–Structure Interaction in Biological Systems)
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