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Hydrologic and Carbon Balance Responses of Forests Resulting from Climate...
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Hydrologic and Carbon Balance Responses of Forests Resulting from Climate Change

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Meteorology and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 3921

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dong Kook Woo

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
Interests: water resources; hydrology; non-point source pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yongwon Seo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrological modeling; green roofs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Esther Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: forested wetlands; ecohydrological modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We extend an invitation to you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Forest Gas Exchange and Carbon–Water Balance under Climate Change”. The goal of this Special Issue is to advance our understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and forest communities. We aim to compile cutting-edge research that (i) examines the impacts of climate change on forest gas exchange and carbon–water balance and/or (ii) proposes adaptation and mitigation strategies to counteract the effects of climate change. Our objective is to inform policymakers, researchers, and conservationists, thereby guiding collective efforts to safeguard forest ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change. We encourage the submission of research papers based on methodology, including, but not limited to, field observations, laboratory experiments, statistical analyses, machine learning, and numerical modeling.

Dr. Dong Kook Woo
Dr. Yongwon Seo
Dr. Esther Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • nitrogen
  • carbon
  • hydrology
  • forest management

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3554 KiB  
Article
Differences in the Sensitivity of Gross Primary Productivity and Ecosystem Respiration to Precipitation
by Weirong Zhang, Wenjing Chen, Mingze Xu, Kai Di, Ming Feng, Liucui Wu, Mengdie Wang, Wanxin Yang, Heng Xie, Jinkai Chen, Zehao Fan, Zhongmin Hu and Chuan Jin
Forests 2025, 16(1), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010153 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 712
Abstract
The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation profoundly influences terrestrial carbon fluxes, driving shifts between carbon source and sink dynamics through gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). As a result, the sensitivities of GPP and ER to precipitation (SGPP and S [...] Read more.
The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation profoundly influences terrestrial carbon fluxes, driving shifts between carbon source and sink dynamics through gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). As a result, the sensitivities of GPP and ER to precipitation (SGPP and SER), along with their differential responses, are pivotal for understanding ecosystem reactions to precipitation changes and predicting future ecosystem functions. However, comprehensive evaluations of the spatiotemporal variability and differences in SGPP and SER remain notably scarce. In this study, we utilized eddy covariance flux data to investigate the spatial patterns, temporal dynamics, and differences in SGPP and SER. Spatially, SGPP and SER were generally strongly correlated. Among different ecosystems, the correlation between SGPP and SER was lowest in mixed forest and highest in broadleaf and needleleaf forest. Within the same ecosystem, SGPP and SER exhibited considerable variation but showed no significant differences. In contrast, they differed significantly across ecosystems, with pronounced variability in their magnitudes. For example, shrubland exhibited the highest values for SGPP, whereas needleleaf forest showed the highest values for SER. Temporally, SER demonstrated more pronounced changes than SGPP. Different ecosystems displayed distinct trends: shrubland exhibited an upward trend for both metrics, while grassland showed a downward trend in both SGPP and SER. Forest, on the other hand, maintained stable SGPP but displayed a downward trend in SER. Additionally, SGPP and SER exhibited a notable non-linear response to changes in the aridity index (AI), with both showing a rapid decline followed by stabilization. However, SER demonstrated a wider adaptive range to precipitation changes. Generally, this research enhances our understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon fluxes under changing precipitation patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrologic and Carbon Balance Responses of Forests Resulting from Climate Change)
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21 pages, 13152 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Trends of Vegetation Cover Evolution and Its Driving Forces from 2000 to 2020—A Case Study of the WuShen Counties in the Maowusu Sandland
by Zeyu Zhao, Xiaomin Liu, Tingxi Liu, Yingjie Wu, Wenjuan Wang, Yun Tian and Laichen Fu
Forests 2024, 15(10), 1762; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15101762 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
The WuShen counties in the hinterland of the Maowusu Sandland are located in the “ecological stress zone” of the forest–steppe desert, with low vegetation cover, a strong ecosystem sensitivity, and poor stability under the influence of human activities. Therefore, it is important to [...] Read more.
The WuShen counties in the hinterland of the Maowusu Sandland are located in the “ecological stress zone” of the forest–steppe desert, with low vegetation cover, a strong ecosystem sensitivity, and poor stability under the influence of human activities. Therefore, it is important to study and analyze the changes in vegetation growth in this region for the purpose of objectively evaluating the effectiveness of desertification control in China’s agricultural and pastoral intertwined zones, and formulating corresponding measures in a timely manner. In this paper, the spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation NDVI in the WuShen counties of the Maowusu Sandland and their response relationships with driving factors were investigated by using a trend test, center of gravity transfer model, partial correlation calculation, and residual analysis, and by using the MOD13A3 vegetation NDVI time series data from 2000 to 2020, as well as the precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration data from the same period. The results showed the following: ① The regional vegetation NDVI did not fluctuate significantly with latitude and longitude, and the NDVI varied between 0.227 and 0.375 over the 21-year period, with a mean increase of 0.13 for the region as a whole and an increase of 0.61 for the region of greatest change. Of the area, 86.83% experienced a highly significant increase, and the trend in increase around rivers and towns was higher than that in the northwestern inland flow area, with the overall performance of “low in the west and high in the east”. ② Only 2.07% of the vegetation NDVI center of gravity did not shift, and the response with climate factors was mainly characterized by having consistent or opposite center of gravity changes with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. ③ Human activities have been the dominant factor in the vegetation NDVI change, with 75.89 percent of the area positively impacted by human activities, and human activities in the southwest inhibiting the improvement of vegetation in the area. The impact of human activities on the unchanged land type area is increasing, most obviously in the farmland area, and the impact of human activities on the changed land type area is gradually decreasing in the area where the farmland becomes impervious. The vegetation in the area above 1300 m above sea level is degraded by the environment and human activities. The research results can provide scientific support for the implementation of ecological fine management and the formulation of corresponding ecological restoration and desertification control measures in the Maowusu Sandland. At the same time, it is expected to serve as a baseline for other studies on the evolution of vegetation in agro-pastoral zones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrologic and Carbon Balance Responses of Forests Resulting from Climate Change)
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22 pages, 23895 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Vegetation from 2001 to 2020: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China
by Dejin Dong, Ziliang Zhao, Hongdi Gao, Yufeng Zhou, Daohong Gong, Huaqiang Du and Yuichiro Fujioka
Forests 2024, 15(7), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071245 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
As global climate change intensifies and human activities escalate, changes in vegetation cover, an important ecological indicator, hold significant implications for ecosystem protection and management. Shandong Province, a critical agricultural and economic zone in China, experiences vegetation changes that crucially affect regional climate [...] Read more.
As global climate change intensifies and human activities escalate, changes in vegetation cover, an important ecological indicator, hold significant implications for ecosystem protection and management. Shandong Province, a critical agricultural and economic zone in China, experiences vegetation changes that crucially affect regional climate regulation and biodiversity conservation. This study employed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, combined with climatic, topographic, and anthropogenic activity data, utilizing trend analysis methods, partial correlation analysis, and Geodetector to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal variations and primary driving factors of vegetation cover in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2020. The findings indicate an overall upward trend in vegetation cover, particularly in areas with concentrated human activities. Climatic factors, such as precipitation and temperature, exhibit a positive correlation with vegetation growth, while land use changes emerge as one of the key drivers influencing vegetation dynamics. Additionally, topography also impacts the spatial distribution of vegetation to a certain extent. This research provides a scientific basis for ecological protection and land management in Shandong Province and similar regions, supporting the formulation of effective vegetation restoration and ecological conservation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrologic and Carbon Balance Responses of Forests Resulting from Climate Change)
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