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Future Internet
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5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking
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5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903). This special issue belongs to the section "Internet of Things".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 May 2022) | Viewed by 28057

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Michael Mackay

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
Interests: internetworking; software-defined network; NFV; edge systems, wireless communications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ongoing deployment of 5G networks is seen as a key enabler for realizing upcoming services at scale, including the massive deployment of the Internet of Things, providing V2X communications to support autonomous vehicles, and the rise of smart homes, smart cities, and Industry 4.0. However, as the limitations of existing approaches become apparent, the need for next-generation technologies is growing, in terms of improving spectral efficiency, increasing network data rates and densification, supporting local/wide area wireless coordination, and more.

In this Special Issue, we are particularly interested in 5G and beyond enabling technologies to meet these access, efficiency, and performance requirements, and facilitate coordinating wireless networks to support future deployments. This primarily includes smart protocol design and access schemes, intelligent distributed collaboration platforms, and heterogeneous spectrum programming approaches but will undoubtedly extend to include a range of related areas such as Machine Learning enabled decision-making platforms, new physical layer security schemes, and device energy and quality of experience optimisation.

Dr. Michael Mackay
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Future Internet is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Beyond 5G technologies;

Massive IoT M2M and D2D use cases;

Spectrum programming and Radio Resource Management;

Spectrum sharing and coordination;

Wireless protocol design and random/grant free access models;

Radio channel modelling;

Performance analysis for energy efficiency latency and quality of experience.

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 170 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue on 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking
by Michael Mackay
Future Internet 2022, 14(11), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110342 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
The ongoing deployment of 5G networks is seen as a key enabler for realizing upcoming interconnected services at scale, including the massive deployment of the Internet of Things, providing V2X communications to support autonomous vehicles, and the increase in smart homes, smart cities, [...] Read more.
The ongoing deployment of 5G networks is seen as a key enabler for realizing upcoming interconnected services at scale, including the massive deployment of the Internet of Things, providing V2X communications to support autonomous vehicles, and the increase in smart homes, smart cities, and Industry 4 [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)

Research

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16 pages, 5140 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Analysis of Performance Characteristics in a 60 Ghz 802.11ad Wireless Mesh Backhaul Network for an Urban 5G Deployment
by Michael Mackay, Alessandro Raschella and Ogeen Toma
Future Internet 2022, 14(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14020034 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3407
Abstract
With the widespread deployment of 5G gaining pace, there is increasing interest in deploying this technology beyond traditional Mobile Network Operators (MNO) into private and community scenarios. These deployments leverage the flexibility of 5G itself to support private networks that sit alongside or [...] Read more.
With the widespread deployment of 5G gaining pace, there is increasing interest in deploying this technology beyond traditional Mobile Network Operators (MNO) into private and community scenarios. These deployments leverage the flexibility of 5G itself to support private networks that sit alongside or even on top of existing public 5G. By utilizing a range of virtualisation and slicing techniques in the 5G Core (5GC) and heterogeneous Radio Access Networks (RAN) at the edge, a wide variety of use cases can be supported by 5G. However, these non-typical deployments may experience different performance characteristics as they adapt to their specific scenario. In this paper we present the results of our work to model and predict the performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) backhaul links that were deployed as part of the Liverpool 5G network. Based on the properties of the 802.11ad protocol and the physical characteristics of the environment, we simulate how each link will perform with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Packet Error Rate (PER) values and verify them against real-world deployed links. Our results show good convergence between simulated and real results and provide a solid foundation for further network planning and optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)
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28 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
Online Service Function Chain Deployment for Live-Streaming in Virtualized Content Delivery Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
by Jesús Fernando Cevallos Moreno, Rebecca Sattler, Raúl P. Caulier Cisterna, Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi, Aminael Sánchez Rodríguez and Massimo Mecella
Future Internet 2021, 13(11), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110278 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3941
Abstract
Video delivery is exploiting 5G networks to enable higher server consolidation and deployment flexibility. Performance optimization is also a key target in such network systems. We present a multi-objective optimization framework for service function chain deployment in the particular context of Live-Streaming in [...] Read more.
Video delivery is exploiting 5G networks to enable higher server consolidation and deployment flexibility. Performance optimization is also a key target in such network systems. We present a multi-objective optimization framework for service function chain deployment in the particular context of Live-Streaming in virtualized content delivery networks using deep reinforcement learning. We use an Enhanced Exploration, Dense-reward mechanism over a Dueling Double Deep Q Network (E2-D4QN). Our model assumes to use network function virtualization at the container level. We carefully model processing times as a function of current resource utilization in data ingestion and streaming processes. We assess the performance of our algorithm under bounded network resource conditions to build a safe exploration strategy that enables the market entry of new bounded-budget vCDN players. Trace-driven simulations with real-world data reveal that our approach is the only one to adapt to the complexity of the particular context of Live-Video delivery concerning the state-of-art algorithms designed for general-case service function chain deployment. In particular, our simulation test revealed a substantial QoS/QoE performance improvement in terms of session acceptance ratio against the compared algorithms while keeping operational costs within proper bounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)
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16 pages, 471 KiB  
Article
On Predicting Ticket Reopening for Improving Customer Service in 5G Fiber Optic Networks
by Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi, Andrea Caliciotti, Matteo D'Onorio, Eugenio Scocchi, Nour Alhuda Sulieman and Massimo Villari
Future Internet 2021, 13(10), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100259 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
The paper proposes a data-driven strategy for predicting technical ticket reopening in the context of customer service for telecommunications companies providing 5G fiber optic networks. Namely, the main aim is to ensure that, between end user and service provider, the Service Level Agreement [...] Read more.
The paper proposes a data-driven strategy for predicting technical ticket reopening in the context of customer service for telecommunications companies providing 5G fiber optic networks. Namely, the main aim is to ensure that, between end user and service provider, the Service Level Agreement in terms of perceived Quality of Service is satisfied. The activity has been carried out within the framework of an extensive joint research initiative focused on Next Generation Networks between ELIS Innovation Hub and a major network service provider in Italy over the years 2018–2021. The authors make a detailed comparison among the performance of different approaches to classification—ranging from decision trees to Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines—and claim that a Bayesian network classifier is the most accurate at predicting whether a monitored ticket will be reopened or not. Moreover, the authors propose an approach to dimensionality reduction that proves to be successful at increasing the computational efficiency, namely by reducing the size of the relevant training dataset by two orders of magnitude with respect to the original dataset. Numerical simulations end the paper, proving that the proposed approach can be a very useful tool for service providers in order to identify the customers that are most at risk of reopening a ticket due to an unsolved technical issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)
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Review

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30 pages, 2168 KiB  
Review
Self-Organizing Networks for 5G and Beyond: A View from the Top
by Andreas G. Papidas and George C. Polyzos
Future Internet 2022, 14(3), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14030095 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 10941
Abstract
We describe self-organizing network (SON) concepts and architectures and their potential to play a central role in 5G deployment and next-generation networks. Our focus is on the basic SON use case applied to radio access networks (RAN), which is self-optimization. We analyze SON [...] Read more.
We describe self-organizing network (SON) concepts and architectures and their potential to play a central role in 5G deployment and next-generation networks. Our focus is on the basic SON use case applied to radio access networks (RAN), which is self-optimization. We analyze SON applications’ rationale and operation, the design and dimensioning of SON systems, possible deficiencies and conflicts that occur through the parallel operation of functions, and describe the strong reliance on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Moreover, we present and comment on very recent proposals for SON deployment in 5G networks. Typical examples include the binding of SON systems with techniques such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Cloud RAN (C-RAN), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) for IoT, and automated backhauling, which lead the way towards the adoption of SON techniques in Beyond 5G (B5G) networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)
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45 pages, 4148 KiB  
Review
An Analysis on Contemporary MAC Layer Protocols in Vehicular Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions
by Lopamudra Hota, Biraja Prasad Nayak, Arun Kumar, G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali and Peter Han Joo Chong
Future Internet 2021, 13(11), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110287 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4471
Abstract
Traffic density around the globe is increasing on a day-to-day basis, resulting in more accidents, congestion, and pollution. The dynamic vehicular environment induces challenges in designing an efficient and reliable protocol for communication. Timely delivery of safety and non-safety messages is necessary for [...] Read more.
Traffic density around the globe is increasing on a day-to-day basis, resulting in more accidents, congestion, and pollution. The dynamic vehicular environment induces challenges in designing an efficient and reliable protocol for communication. Timely delivery of safety and non-safety messages is necessary for traffic congestion control and for avoiding road mishaps. For efficient resource sharing and optimized channel utilization, the media access control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role. An efficient MAC protocol design can provide fair channel access and can delay constraint safety message dissemination, improving road safety. This paper reviews the applications, characteristics, and challenges faced in the design of MAC protocols. A classification of the MAC protocol is presented based on contention mechanisms and channel access. The classification based on contention is oriented as contention-based, contention-free, and hybrid, whereas the classification based on channel access is categorized as distributed, centralized, cluster-based, cooperative, token-based, and random access. These are further sub-classified as single-channel and multi-channel, based on the type of channel resources they utilize. This paper gives an analysis of the objectives, mechanisms, advantages/disadvantages, and simulators used in specified protocols. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on the future scope and open challenges for improving the MAC protocol design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G Enabling Technologies and Wireless Networking)
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