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Future Internet
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Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks
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Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903). This special issue belongs to the section "Cybersecurity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 12934

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mario Di Mauro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics (DIEM), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Interests: network management; network security; availability; 5G; NFV
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anomaly detection is concerned with pinpointing data patterns that deviate from their expected behavior. This is a crucial research problem, due to its broad set of application domains, such as data analysis, cybersecurity, predictive maintenance, fault prevention, industrial automation, smart systems, and many others. In particular, anomaly detection problems are posing new challenges in the context of modern network architectures including: Cloud/Fog/Edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN), Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), and 5G/6G networks.

Due to the growing interest (both of academia and industry) in the anomaly detection field, for this Special Issue we encourage high-quality research contributions—both theoretical and experimental—and timely survey papers that pinpoint future research directions in this field.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Statistical approaches (e.g., time series analysis, signal processing techniques) for anomaly detection in modern networks;
  • Machine Learning approaches for anomaly detection in modern networks;
  • Novel algorithms for anomaly detection in modern networks;
  • Privacy concerns related to the anomaly detection in modern networks;
  • Applications of anomaly detection in modern networks;
  • Industrial/Realistic case studies of anomaly detection in modern networks.

Dr. Mario Di Mauro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Future Internet is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1605 KiB  
Article
Automotive Cybersecurity Application Based on CARDIAN
by Emanuele Santonicola, Ennio Andrea Adinolfi, Simone Coppola and Francesco Pascale
Future Internet 2024, 16(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010010 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2001
Abstract
Nowadays, a vehicle can contain from 20 to 100 ECUs, which are responsible for ordering, controlling and monitoring all the components of the vehicle itself. Each of these units can also send and receive information to other units on the network or externally. [...] Read more.
Nowadays, a vehicle can contain from 20 to 100 ECUs, which are responsible for ordering, controlling and monitoring all the components of the vehicle itself. Each of these units can also send and receive information to other units on the network or externally. For most vehicles, the controller area network (CAN) is the main communication protocol and system used to build their internal network. Technological development, the growing integration of devices and the numerous advances in the field of connectivity have allowed the vehicle to become connected, and the flow of information exchanged between the various ECUs (electronic control units) becomes increasingly important and varied. Furthermore, the vehicle itself is capable of exchanging information with other vehicles, with the surrounding environment and with the Internet. As shown by the CARDIAN project, this type of innovation allows the user an increasingly safe and varied driving experience, but at the same time, it introduces a series of vulnerabilities and dangers due to the connection itself. The job of making the vehicle safe therefore becomes critical. In recent years, it has been demonstrated in multiple ways how easy it is to compromise the safety of a vehicle and its passengers by injecting malicious messages into the CAN network present inside the vehicle itself. The purpose of this article is the construction of a system that, integrated within the vehicle network, is able to effectively recognize any type of intrusion and tampering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks)
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17 pages, 1160 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning for Network Intrusion Detection—A Comparative Study
by Mustafa Al Lail, Alejandro Garcia and Saul Olivo
Future Internet 2023, 15(7), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15070243 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4097
Abstract
Modern society has quickly evolved to utilize communication and data-sharing media with the advent of the internet and electronic technologies. However, these technologies have created new opportunities for attackers to gain access to confidential electronic resources. As a result, data breaches have significantly [...] Read more.
Modern society has quickly evolved to utilize communication and data-sharing media with the advent of the internet and electronic technologies. However, these technologies have created new opportunities for attackers to gain access to confidential electronic resources. As a result, data breaches have significantly impacted our society in multiple ways. To mitigate this situation, researchers have developed multiple security countermeasure techniques known as Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Despite these techniques, attackers have developed new strategies to gain unauthorized access to resources. In this work, we propose using machine learning (ML) to develop a NIDS system capable of detecting modern attack types with a very high detection rate. To this end, we implement and evaluate several ML algorithms and compare their effectiveness using a state-of-the-art dataset containing modern attack types. The results show that the random forest model outperforms other models, with a detection rate of modern network attacks of 97 percent. This study shows that not only is accurate prediction possible but also a high detection rate of attacks can be achieved. These results indicate that ML has the potential to create very effective NIDS systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks)
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20 pages, 1031 KiB  
Article
HH-NIDS: Heterogeneous Hardware-Based Network Intrusion Detection Framework for IoT Security
by Duc-Minh Ngo, Dominic Lightbody, Andriy Temko, Cuong Pham-Quoc, Ngoc-Thinh Tran, Colin C. Murphy and Emanuel Popovici
Future Internet 2023, 15(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15010009 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3427
Abstract
This study proposes a heterogeneous hardware-based framework for network intrusion detection using lightweight artificial neural network models. With the increase in the volume of exchanged data, IoT networks’ security has become a crucial issue. Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) using machine learning have [...] Read more.
This study proposes a heterogeneous hardware-based framework for network intrusion detection using lightweight artificial neural network models. With the increase in the volume of exchanged data, IoT networks’ security has become a crucial issue. Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) using machine learning have recently gained increased popularity due to their generation’s ability to detect unseen attacks. However, the deployment of anomaly-based AI-assisted IDS for IoT devices is computationally expensive. A high-performance and ultra-low power consumption anomaly-based IDS framework is proposed and evaluated in this paper. The framework has achieved the highest accuracy of 98.57% and 99.66% on the UNSW-NB15 and IoT-23 datasets, respectively. The inference engine on the MAX78000EVKIT AI-microcontroller is 11.3 times faster than the Intel Core i7-9750H 2.6 GHz and 21.3 times faster than NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 graphics cards, when the power drawn was 18mW. In addition, the pipelined design on the PYNQ-Z2 SoC FPGA board with the Xilinx Zynq xc7z020-1clg400c device is optimised to run at the on-chip frequency (100 MHz), which shows a speedup of 53.5 times compared to the MAX78000EVKIT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks)
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16 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
A Self-Supervised Learning Model for Unknown Internet Traffic Identification Based on Surge Period
by Dawei Wei, Feifei Shi and Sahraoui Dhelim
Future Internet 2022, 14(10), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14100289 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2592
Abstract
The identification of Internet protocols provides a significant basis for keeping Internet security and improving Internet Quality of Service (QoS). However, the overwhelming developments and updating of Internet technologies and protocols have led to large volumes of unknown Internet traffic, which threaten the [...] Read more.
The identification of Internet protocols provides a significant basis for keeping Internet security and improving Internet Quality of Service (QoS). However, the overwhelming developments and updating of Internet technologies and protocols have led to large volumes of unknown Internet traffic, which threaten the safety of the network environment a lot. Since most of the unknown Internet traffic does not have any labels, it is difficult to adopt deep learning directly. Additionally, the feature accuracy and identification model also impact the identification accuracy a lot. In this paper, we propose a surge period-based feature extraction method that helps remove the negative influence of background traffic in network sessions and acquire as many traffic flow features as possible. In addition, we also establish an identification model of unknown Internet traffic based on JigClu, the self-supervised learning approach to training unlabeled datasets. It finally combines with the clustering method and realizes the further identification of unknown Internet traffic. The model has been demonstrated with an accuracy of no less than 74% in identifying unknown Internet traffic with the public dataset ISCXVPN2016 under different scenarios. The work provides a novel solution for unknown Internet traffic identification, which is the most difficult task in identifying Internet traffic. We believe it is a great leap in Internet traffic identification and is of great significance to maintaining the security of the network environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anomaly Detection in Modern Networks)
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