Food Gels: Structure and Function

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2025 | Viewed by 7738

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
Interests: biomass resource utilization; resource utilization of by-products; processing of agricultural products; physicochemical characterization; natural product
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Guest Editor
College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: meat products processing; gelling properties; quality profiles; novel processing technologies; functional meat products; clean label; consumer perception
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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Interests: triple network hydrogel; polymer; food packaging; agricultural material; coatings; films
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Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
Interests: polysaccharide; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; protein

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, nutritional properties and edibility, gels have attracted increasing interest in the food field, especially in the field of proteins and polysaccharides. With the improvement of living standards, people's demand for nutrient-rich, safe, reliable, versatile and even personalized food is increasing day by day. Therefore, gels with unique advantages are of great significance in food applications. As a functional food, hydrogels have potential applications in food packaging, satiating gels, nutrient delivery systems, food pigment adsorption and food safety monitoring. Gels are often used to improve the storage quality of food and are also used for non-destructive testing of food quality. Hydrocolloids can be used both to improve the rheological and textural properties of foods and as fat substitutes. According to the logic that the "structure determines function", it is believed that rational design of structures can effectively regulate the functions and applications of hydrogels. This Special Issue focuses on the structure, chemical and physicochemical characterization, rheological properties, interface properties, film forming properties, health and applications of food gels. The focus of this Special Issue includes the above aspects but is not limited to this. We invite you to share your latest research and topical comments on food gels by contributing to this Special Issue as we work together to advance food hydrocolloids.

Dr. Longwei Jiang
Prof. Dr. Qian Liu
Prof. Dr. Lili Ren
Dr. Xiaoxia Yan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • food gels
  • polymers
  • polysaccharide
  • protein
  • structure
  • chemical and physicochemical characterization
  • film-forming properties
  • food quality
  • food non-destructive testing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7044 KiB  
Article
Rheological and Structural Characterization of Carrageenans during Depolymerization Conducted by a Marine Bacterium Shewanella sp. LE8
by Xiong Li, Chuyi Li, Yizhou Liu, Gang Han, Congyu Lin, Xiaoli Chen and Jian Mao
Gels 2024, 10(8), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10080502 - 28 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Carrageenans were widely utilized as thickening and gelling agents in the food and cosmetic industries, and their oligosaccharides have been proven to possess enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, Shewanella sp. LE8 was utilized for the depolymerization of κ-, ι-, and [...] Read more.
Carrageenans were widely utilized as thickening and gelling agents in the food and cosmetic industries, and their oligosaccharides have been proven to possess enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, Shewanella sp. LE8 was utilized for the depolymerization of κ-, ι-, and λ-carrageenan under conditions of fermentation. During a 24-h fermentation at 28 °C, the apparent viscosity of κ-, ι-, and λ-carrageenan decreased by 53.12%, 84.10%, and 59.33%, respectively, accompanied by a decrease in storage modulus, and loss modulus. After a 72-h fermentation, the analysis of methylene blue and molecular weight distribution revealed that ι-carrageenan was extensively depolymerized into smaller polysaccharides by Shewanella sp. LE8, while exhibiting partial degradation on κ- and λ-carrageenan. However, the impact of Shewanella sp. LE8 on total sugars was found to be limited; nevertheless, a significant increase in reduced sugar content was observed. The ESIMS analysis results revealed that the purified components obtained through ι-carrageenan fermentation for 72 h were identified as tetrasaccharides, while the two purified components derived from λ-carrageenan fermentation consisted of a hexasaccharide and a tetrasaccharide, respectively. Overall, the present study first reported the depolymerization of ι-and λ-carrageenan by Shewanella and suggested that the Shewanella could be used to depolymerize multiple carrageenans, as well as complex polysaccharides derived from red algae, to further obtain their oligosaccharides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Structure and Function)
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12 pages, 2173 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Gracilaria chouae Polysaccharides Derived from Different Geographical Regions: Focusing on Their Chemical Composition, Rheological Properties, and Gel Characteristics
by Xiong Li, Wanzi Yao, Cebin Hu, Congyu Lin, Lijun You and Jian Mao
Gels 2024, 10(7), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070454 - 11 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
Polysaccharides derived from diverse sources exhibit distinct rheological and gel properties, exerting a profound impact on their applicability in the food industry. In this study, we collected five Gracilaria chouae samples from distinct geographical regions, namely Rizhao (RZ), Lianyungang (LYG), Ningde (ND), Beihai [...] Read more.
Polysaccharides derived from diverse sources exhibit distinct rheological and gel properties, exerting a profound impact on their applicability in the food industry. In this study, we collected five Gracilaria chouae samples from distinct geographical regions, namely Rizhao (RZ), Lianyungang (LYG), Ningde (ND), Beihai (BH), and a wild source from Beihai (BHW). We conducted analyses on the chemical composition, viscosity, and rheological properties, as well as gel properties, to investigate the influence of chemical composition on variations in gel properties. The results revealed that the total sugar, sulfate content, and monosaccharide composition of G. chouae polysaccharides exhibit similarity; however, their anhydrogalactose content varies within a range of 15.31% to 18.98%. The molecular weight distribution of G. chouae polysaccharides ranged from 1.85 to 2.09 × 103 kDa. The apparent viscosity of the LYG and BHW polysaccharides was relatively high, whereas that of RZ and ND was comparatively low. The gel strength displayed a similar trend. BHW and LYG exhibited solid-like behavior, while ND, RZ, and BH demonstrated liquid-like characteristics at low frequencies. The redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis revealed a positive correlation between the texture profile analysis (TPA) characteristics and anhydrogalactose. The study could provide recommendations for the diverse applications of G. chouae polysaccharides derived from different geographical regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Structure and Function)
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Review

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24 pages, 6049 KiB  
Review
Food Gels Based on Polysaccharide and Protein: Preparation, Formation Mechanisms, and Delivery of Bioactive Substances
by Yong Guo, Chao Ma, Yan Xu, Lianxin Du and Xin Yang
Gels 2024, 10(11), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10110735 - 13 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1681
Abstract
Hydrogels have a unique three-dimensional network that can create a good environment for the loading of functional compounds; hence, they have considerable potential in the delivery of bioactive substances. Natural macromolecular substances (proteins, polysaccharides) have the features of low toxicity, degradability, and biosafety; [...] Read more.
Hydrogels have a unique three-dimensional network that can create a good environment for the loading of functional compounds; hence, they have considerable potential in the delivery of bioactive substances. Natural macromolecular substances (proteins, polysaccharides) have the features of low toxicity, degradability, and biosafety; thus, they can be employed in the manufacture of hydrogels in the food sector. With its customizable viscoelastic and porous structure, hydrogels are believed to be good bioactive material delivery vehicles, which can effectively load polyphenols, vitamins, probiotics, and other active substances to prevent their influence from the external environment, thereby improving its stability. In this research, the common raw materials, preparation methods, and applications in the delivery of bioactive elements of food gels were examined; this study aimed at presenting new ideas for the development and utilization of protein-based food gels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Structure and Function)
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14 pages, 2120 KiB  
Review
Protein-Based Packaging Films in Food: Developments, Applications, and Challenges
by Rui Zhang, Rongxu Liu, Jianchun Han, Lili Ren and Longwei Jiang
Gels 2024, 10(7), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070418 - 25 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
With the emphasis placed by society on environmental resources, current petroleum-based packaging in the food industry can no longer meet people’s needs. However, new active packaging technologies have emerged, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, in which proteins are widely used for their [...] Read more.
With the emphasis placed by society on environmental resources, current petroleum-based packaging in the food industry can no longer meet people’s needs. However, new active packaging technologies have emerged, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, in which proteins are widely used for their outstanding gel film-forming properties. Most of the current literature focuses on research applications of single protein-based films. In this paper, we review the novel protein-based packaging technologies that have been used in recent years to categorize different proteins, including plant proteins (soybean protein isolate, zein, gluten protein) and animal proteins (whey protein isolate, casein, collagen, gelatin). The advances that have recently been made in protein-based active packaging technology can be understood by describing protein sources, gel properties, molding principles, and applied research. This paper presents the current problems and prospects of active packaging technology, provides new ideas for the development of new types of packaging and the expansion of gel applications in the future, and promotes the development and innovation of environmentally friendly food packaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Structure and Function)
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