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Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications
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Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 9356

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fariba Ahmadizar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: type 2 diabetes; molecular pharmacoepidemiology; biomarker discovery; multi-Omics; prediction studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, 537 million adults are living with diabetes worldwide, and the number is predicted to rise to 783 million by 2045, with the majority being type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D is multifactorial and arises from the interplay between genetic and environmental/lifestyle risk factors, progressing to vascular complications. Vascular complications include macro- (cardiovascular diseases) and microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) complications. Evidence shows a clear genetic component to both T2D onset and its complications. Patients’ clinical risk profiles and poor glycaemic control alone cannot predict the development of vascular damage. Evaluating differentially expressed genes associated with T2D and its complications is the key to understanding the contributed genes, as well as signaling pathways in CVD development in T2D patients.

We focus on genetic discoveries for T2D etiology and its vascular complications in this Special Issue. We are interested in gene expression profiling of T2D and its macro- and microvascular complications to identify related biological processes, modulated signaling pathways, and the genomic architectures shared by T2D and vascular complications. Biomarker discovery for the screening and prognosis of T2D and its complications can facilitate individualized health management.

Dr. Fariba Ahmadizar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • genetics
  • type 2 diabetes
  • macrovascular diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • microvascular diseases
  • retinopathy
  • nephropathy
  • neuropathy

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 670 KiB  
Article
Complementary Gene Therapy after Revascularization with the Saphenous Vein in Diabetic Foot Syndrome
by Diana Kupczyńska, Paweł Lubieniecki, Maciej Antkiewicz, Jan Barć, Katarzyna Frączkowska-Sioma, Tomasz Dawiskiba, Tadeusz Dorobisz, Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur, Dagmara Baczyńska, Konrad Pańczak, Wojciech Witkiewicz, Dariusz Janczak, Jan Paweł Skóra and Piotr Barć
Genes 2023, 14(10), 1968; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14101968 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1870
Abstract
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most serious macroangiopathic complications of diabetes. The primary treatment option is revascularization, but complementary therapies are still being sought. The study group consisted of 18 patients diagnosed with ischemic ulcerative and necrotic lesions in DFS. [...] Read more.
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most serious macroangiopathic complications of diabetes. The primary treatment option is revascularization, but complementary therapies are still being sought. The study group consisted of 18 patients diagnosed with ischemic ulcerative and necrotic lesions in DFS. Patients underwent revascularization procedures and, due to unsatisfactory healing of the lesions, were randomly allocated to two groups: a group in which bicistronic VEGF165/HGF plasmid was administered and a control group in which saline placebo was administered. Before gene therapy administration and after 7, 30, 90, and 180 days, color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) was performed, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) were measured, and DFS changes were described and documented photographically. In the gene therapy group, four out of eight patients (50%) healed their DFS lesions before 12 weeks. During this time, the ABI increased by an average of 0.25 and TcPO2 by 30.4 mmHg. In the control group, healing of the lesions by week 12 occurred in six out of nine patients (66.67%), and the ABI increased by an average of 0.14 and TcPO2 by 27.1 mmHg. One major amputation occurred in each group. Gene therapy may be an attractive option for complementary treatment in DFS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)
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11 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
The rs3825807 Polymorphism of ADAMTS7 as a Potential Genetic Marker for Myocardial Infarction in Slovenian Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by David Petrovič, Petra Nussdorfer and Danijel Petrovič
Genes 2023, 14(2), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020508 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1797
Abstract
Background: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 7 (ADAMTS-7) was reported to play a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal formation. The object of the study was to investigate the association between the rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 [...] Read more.
Background: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 7 (ADAMTS-7) was reported to play a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal formation. The object of the study was to investigate the association between the rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 and myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Slovenian cohort. Methods: 1590 Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional case–control study. In total, 463 had a history of recent myocardial infarction, and 1127 of the subjects in the control group had no clinical signs of coronary artery disease. Genetic analysis of an rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 was performed with logistic regression. Results: Patients with the AA genotype had a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction than those in the control group in recessive [odds ratio (OR) 1.647; confidence interval (CI) 1.120–2.407; p = 0.011] and co-dominant (OR 2.153; CI 1.215–3.968; p = 0.011) genetic models. Conclusion: We found a statistically significant association between rs3825807 and myocardial infarction in a cohort of Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We report that the AA genotype might be a genetic risk factor for myocardial infarction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)

Review

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21 pages, 595 KiB  
Review
A Review of Experimental Studies on Natural Chalcone-Based Therapeutic Targeting of Genes and Signaling Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Complications
by Naser A. Alsharairi
Genes 2024, 15(7), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15070942 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a common chronic condition that presents as unsettled hyperglycemia (HG) and results from insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction. T2DM is marked by an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, all of which can be the [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a common chronic condition that presents as unsettled hyperglycemia (HG) and results from insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction. T2DM is marked by an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, all of which can be the cause of increasing mortality. Diabetic nephropathy (DNE), neuropathy (DNU), and retinopathy (DR) are the most common complications of diabetic microangiopathy, while diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and peripheral vascular diseases are the major diabetic macroangiopathy complications. Chalcones (CHs) are in the flavonoid family and are commonly found in certain plant species as intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives. Natural CHs with different substituents exert diverse therapeutic activities, including antidiabetic ones. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of natural CHs through influencing genes and/or signaling pathways in T2DM complications remain unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing results from experimental models which highlight the mechanisms of natural CHs as therapeutic agents for T2DM complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)
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11 pages, 276 KiB  
Review
Exploring Metabolomic Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Response to Glucose-Lowering Medications—Review
by Mina Shahisavandi, Kan Wang, Mohsen Ghanbari and Fariba Ahmadizar
Genes 2023, 14(7), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071464 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3698
Abstract
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to [...] Read more.
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to guide diabetes management. Metabolomics is an emerging molecular approach that helps better understand the etiology and promises the identification of novel biomarkers for complex diseases. Both targeted or untargeted metabolites extracted from cells, biofluids, or tissues can be investigated by established high-throughput platforms, like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Metabolomics is proposed as a valuable tool in precision diabetes medicine to discover biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the progress of diabetes through personalized phenotyping and individualized drug-response monitoring. This review offers an overview of metabolomics knowledge as potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) diagnosis and the response to glucose-lowering medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)
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