Advances in the Magnetic Analysis of Geological Processes

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 16874

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Interests: anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; structural geology; magnetic fabrics; igneous emplacement mechanisms

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Guest Editor
Director of the School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 104 East University Avenue, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
Interests: structural geology; rock magnetism; paleomagnetism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Geosciences gathers salient advances in the magnetic analysis of geological processes. Rock magnetic measurements and analyses have witnessed significant advances in measurement precision, accuracy, capability and efficiency over the last 30 years and the potential applications of magnetic analyses span almost the entire gamut of geoscience. A wide array of magnetic methods have been used to study rock deformation, tectonic, geodynamic, geomorphological and surface processes across a range of scales. Paleomagnetism provides unique geodynamic constraints that may be used to reconstruct past plate motions and configurations, characterize tectonic systems at the regional scale, or examine deformation associated with individual structures at the local scale. Rock magnetic characterization provides insights into remanence acquisition during the formation and tectonic evolution of the lithosphere, with, for example, recent advances in magnetic imaging allowing microscopic remagnetization processes to be explored. Magnetic fabric analyses, involving for example measurement of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) or anisotropy of remanence (ARM), are now routinely employed in the quantification of petrofabric development at the micro- to macro-scales, complementing information obtained from other fabric techniques such as electron backscatter diffraction. Magnetic fabric studies have been used to examine processes including lithospheric deformation, magma flow, lava and sediment emplacement, glacial processes and may be tuned to examine petrological properties in a similar range of situations.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the most recent advances in geological and geodynamic processes made using magnetic analysis. We hope that a broad array of geoscience studies and advances will be showcased and particularly welcome studies involving methodological advances or innovative applications of these techniques.

It is recommended that authors approach the Guest Editors at an early stage about possible submissions in order to verify the appropriateness of their potential contributions. If appropriate, an abstract will be requested, and the corresponding author required to submit the full manuscript online by the deadline of 31 December 2018.

Dr. Carl Stevenson
Prof. Eric C. Ferre
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility
  • magnetic fabric analysis
  • petrofabrics
  • tectonics
  • volcanology
  • igneous emplacement
  • sedimentology
  • economic geology
  • quaternary geology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5444 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Free Flow and Forcefully Driven Movement of Magma in Lamprophyre Dykes as Indicated by Magnetic Anisotropy: Case Study from the Central Bohemian Dyke Swarm, Czech Republic
by František Hrouda, Shah W. Faryad, Šárka Kubínová, Kryštof Verner and Marta Chlupáčová
Geosciences 2019, 9(3), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030104 - 27 Feb 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4629
Abstract
A composite lamprophyre dyke from the Central Bohemian Dyke Swarm (Czech Republic) shows both indications of magma free flow (normal magnetic fabric with magnetic foliation and lineation parallel to the dyke plane) as well as those of forcefully driven magma movement ( [...] Read more.
A composite lamprophyre dyke from the Central Bohemian Dyke Swarm (Czech Republic) shows both indications of magma free flow (normal magnetic fabric with magnetic foliation and lineation parallel to the dyke plane) as well as those of forcefully driven magma movement (intermediate and inverse magnetic fabrics with magnetic foliation perpendicular to the dyke plane). The overall characteristics of the magnetic parameters across the dyke indicate the existence of at least two slightly differing parts that probably represent two magma pulses. The marginal part of the dyke is formed by kersantite, while toward the axial part, the composition gradually changes to spessartite, and obtains an increasing degree of amphibolization. The rocks of the dyke are inhomogeneous, both compositionally and structurally. It is likely that some portions of ascending magma were more viscous than the others, and the magnetic minerals in the more viscous magma portions may have oriented according to their longer dimensions perpendicular to the dyke, creating an inverse fabric. The lengthening perpendicular to the dyke was compensated by the vertical escape of neighboring more fluid magma, creating a normal magnetic fabric. The frequent oblique magnetic fabrics may represent transitions between the above two mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Magnetic Analysis of Geological Processes)
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Review

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23 pages, 7703 KiB  
Review
Magnetic Properties and Redox State of Impact Glasses: A Review and New Case Studies from Siberia
by Pierre Rochette, Natalia S. Bezaeva, Andrei Kosterov, Jérôme Gattacceca, Victor L. Masaitis, Dmitry D. Badyukov, Gabriele Giuli, Giovani Orazio Lepore and Pierre Beck
Geosciences 2019, 9(5), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050225 - 15 May 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4767
Abstract
High velocity impacts produce melts that solidify as ejected or in-situ glasses. We provide a review of their peculiar magnetic properties, as well as a new detailed study of four glasses from Siberia: El’gygytgyn, Popigai, urengoites, and South-Ural glass (on a total of [...] Read more.
High velocity impacts produce melts that solidify as ejected or in-situ glasses. We provide a review of their peculiar magnetic properties, as well as a new detailed study of four glasses from Siberia: El’gygytgyn, Popigai, urengoites, and South-Ural glass (on a total of 24 different craters or strewn-fields). Two types of behavior appear: 1) purely paramagnetic with ferromagnetic impurities at most of the order of 10 ppm; this corresponds to the five tektite strewn-fields (including the new one from Belize), urengoites, and Darwin glass. Oxidation state, based in particular on X-ray spectroscopy, is mostly restricted to Fe2+; 2) variable and up to strong ferromagnetic component, up to the 1 wt % range, mostly due to substituted magnetite often in superparamagnetic state. Accordingly, bulk oxidation state is intermediate between Fe2+ and Fe3+, although metallic iron, hematite, and pyrrhotite are sometimes encountered. Various applications of these magnetic properties are reviewed in the field of paleomagnetism, magnetic anomalies, recognition of glass origin, and formation processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Magnetic Analysis of Geological Processes)
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16 pages, 1439 KiB  
Review
Magnetic Anisotropy in Single Crystals: A Review
by Andrea R. Biedermann
Geosciences 2018, 8(8), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080302 - 11 Aug 2018
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6821
Abstract
Empirical relationships between magnetic fabrics and deformation have long served as a fast and efficient way to interpret rock textures. Understanding the single crystal magnetic properties of all minerals that contribute to the magnetic anisotropy of a rock, allows for more reliable and [...] Read more.
Empirical relationships between magnetic fabrics and deformation have long served as a fast and efficient way to interpret rock textures. Understanding the single crystal magnetic properties of all minerals that contribute to the magnetic anisotropy of a rock, allows for more reliable and quantitative texture interpretation. Integrating information of single crystal properties with a determination whether or not mineral and magnetic fabrics are parallel may yield additional information about the texture type. Models based on textures and single crystal anisotropies help assess how the individual minerals in a rock contribute to the rock’s anisotropy, and how the individual anisotropy contributions interfere with each other. For this, accurate and reliable single crystal data need to be available. This review paper discusses magnetic anisotropy in single crystals of the most common rock-forming minerals, silicates and carbonates, in relation to their mineralogy and chemical composition. The most important ferromagnetic minerals and their anisotropy are also discussed. This compilation and summary will hopefully lead to a deeper understanding of the sources of magnetic anisotropy in rocks, and improve the interpretation of magnetic fabrics in future structural and tectonic studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Magnetic Analysis of Geological Processes)
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