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Geosciences
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Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment
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Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8661

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexander L. Strom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geodynamics Research Centre – Branch of JSC "Hydroproject Institute", 125993, 2, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, Russia
Interests: seismic hazard assessment; paleoseismology; active faults; rockslides and rock avalanches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexey Konovalov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sakhalin Department of Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693023, Russia
Interests: seismic hazard assessment; ground motion prediction equations; earthquake physics; induced seismicity; earthquake-induced landslides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Strong earthquakes occur on a global scale, causing numerous casualties and significant economic losses. Efficient seismic protection requires relevant knowledge of the strong motion parameters and of other effects of earthquakes that might affect the particular sites or areas. In other words, we must establish reliable and consistent seismic hazard assessment. The proposed Special Issue, entitled "Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment", aims to present novel approaches and methods used to assess seismic hazards in different regions with diverse seismotectonic conditions and with variable levels of knowledge of seismic history and geological factors determining earthquake occurrence.

We welcome papers describing various methods of the deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment at the regional and site-specific levels. The guest editors invite researchers to present research papers describing results of their studies, as well as review papers on the following topics:

  • Probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard assessment at a country or regional scale;
  • Identification of causative faults / zones—basics of seismic hazard assessment;
  • Site effects and their consideration for site-specific hazard assessment;
  • Paleoseismology and its importance for seismic hazard assessment;
  • Physically based and empirical ground motion prediction equations for seismic hazard assessment;
  • Seismic scales and relationships between macroseismic intensity and ground motion parameters.

Dr. Alexander L. Strom
Dr. Alexey Konovalov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • seismic hazard assessment
  • PSHA
  • DSHA / NDSHA
  • active fault
  • paleoseismology
  • ground shaking
  • GMPE

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 10018 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Structural Design in Steel Buildings Based on the Site-Specific Design Spectra of the Mexico Seismic Regulations
by Juan Antonio Ramos-Sánchez, Sergio A. Díaz, René Sebastián Mora-Ortiz, Gabriel Polanco-Sotomayor and Francisco Magaña-Hernández
Geosciences 2024, 14(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14020032 - 27 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2122
Abstract
Seismic risk management in urban areas requires accurate prediction of the expected seismic hazard. The seismic design standards in the world provide the seismic design spectra (DS). These are crucial for estimating seismic forces on a structure, are typically derived from theoretical models [...] Read more.
Seismic risk management in urban areas requires accurate prediction of the expected seismic hazard. The seismic design standards in the world provide the seismic design spectra (DS). These are crucial for estimating seismic forces on a structure, are typically derived from theoretical models in deterministic or probabilistic seismic hazard studies, especially for bedrock soils. Characterizing soil dynamic amplification frequencies or periods is necessary to establish site-specific design spectra (DSsite). Geotechnical and geophysical studies, along with environmental vibration records, determine soil stratigraphy characteristic features and their dominant frequency or period. These parameters improve our understanding of seismic wave behavior from bedrock to surface soil during earthquakes. This article details the utilization of geotechnical, geophysical studies, and environmental vibration records to estimate DSsite in accordance with Mexican seismic regulation and examines the cost–benefit aspects of using the Dssite in optimizing the structural design of a medium-rise steel building in southeastern Mexico, characterized by soft soil and a moderate seismic hazard. The case study demonstrates an 18% cost savings in the structural elements of the building by employing the DSsite with more rational spectral ordinates for study site. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment)
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17 pages, 7572 KiB  
Article
Basin Structure for Earthquake Ground Motion Estimates in Urban Los Angeles Mapped with Nodal Receiver Functions
by Ritu Ghose, Patricia Persaud and Robert W. Clayton
Geosciences 2023, 13(11), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13110320 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2134
Abstract
We constrained sedimentary basin structure using a nodal seismic array consisting of ten dense lines that overlie multiple basins in the northern Los Angeles area. The dense array consists of 758 seismic nodes, spaced ~250–300 m apart along linear transects, that recorded ground [...] Read more.
We constrained sedimentary basin structure using a nodal seismic array consisting of ten dense lines that overlie multiple basins in the northern Los Angeles area. The dense array consists of 758 seismic nodes, spaced ~250–300 m apart along linear transects, that recorded ground motions for 30–35 days. We applied the receiver function (RF) technique to 16 teleseismic events to investigate basin structure. Primary basin-converted phases were identified in the RFs. A shear wave velocity model produced in a separate study using the same dataset was incorporated to convert the basin time arrivals to depth. The deepest part of the San Bernardino basin was identified near the Loma Linda fault at a depth of 2.4 km. Basin depths identified at pierce points for separate events reveal lateral changes in basin depth across distances of ~2–3 km near individual stations. A significant change in basin depth was identified within a small distance of ~4 km near the San Jacinto fault. The San Gabriel basin exhibited the largest basin depths of all three basins, with a maximum depth of 4.2 km. The high lateral resolution from the dense array helped to reveal more continuous structures and reduce uncertainties in the RFs interpretation. We discovered a more complex basin structure than previously identified. Our findings show that the basins’ core areas are not the deepest, and significant changes in basin depth were observed near some faults, including the San Jacinto fault, Fontana fault, Red Hill fault and Indian Hill fault. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment)
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25 pages, 5253 KiB  
Article
Physically Based and Empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Multiple Intensity Measures (PGA, PGV, Ia, FIV3, CII, and Maximum Fourier Acceleration Spectra) on Sakhalin Island
by Alexey Konovalov, Ilia Orlin, Andrey Stepnov and Yulia Stepnova
Geosciences 2023, 13(7), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070201 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2368
Abstract
In the present study, empirical attenuation relations for multiple ground motion intensity measures (PGA, PGV, Ia, FIV3, CII, and MFAS) were developed for Sakhalin Island (in the far east of Russia). A recorded strong motion dataset was used, making GMPEs applicable [...] Read more.
In the present study, empirical attenuation relations for multiple ground motion intensity measures (PGA, PGV, Ia, FIV3, CII, and MFAS) were developed for Sakhalin Island (in the far east of Russia). A recorded strong motion dataset was used, making GMPEs applicable in active crustal regions with an earthquake magnitude range of 4–6 and a distance range of up to 150 km. The hypocentral distance was used as a basic distance metric. For the first time in the research, an analytical representation of Arias intensity (Ia) was obtained in the framework of a multi-asperity source model. Asperities are considered as sub-sources of high-frequency incoherent radiation. The physical representation of the attenuation model in our study was based on a stress drop on the asperities and the ratio of the total rupture area to the combined area of asperities. The average stress drop on asperities for the examined earthquakes was approximately 13.4 MPa, and the ratio of the total rupture area to the asperity area was 0.22, which is generally close to similar estimates for crustal earthquakes. The coefficients and statistical scattering of the attenuation models were also analyzed. Moreover, a magnitude scale based on a modified Arias intensity is proposed in the present study. The new magnitude scale has an explicit physical meaning and is characterized by its simplicity of measurement. It is associated with the acceleration source spectrum level and can be successfully used in early warning systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment)
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21 pages, 10742 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Approach for 2D Superficial Seismic Amplification Based on Quad4M; City of L’Aquila (Italy) Test Case
by Antonio Pasculli, Nicola Sciarra and Massimo Mangifesta
Geosciences 2023, 13(6), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060165 - 3 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
The values of the physical–mechanical properties of any soil are affected by uncertainties both due to experimental measurements and the impossibility of knowing them, in detail, at every point of the spatial domain. Accordingly, this work focuses on uncertainty in shear wave velocity [...] Read more.
The values of the physical–mechanical properties of any soil are affected by uncertainties both due to experimental measurements and the impossibility of knowing them, in detail, at every point of the spatial domain. Accordingly, this work focuses on uncertainty in shear wave velocity (Vs) and its impact on the seismic response. The Monte Carlo method, based on pseudo-random number generation, was selected. To understand which random distributions could identify the site’s real conditions, the Fourier spectrum frequencies were calculated for each realization and were compared with the predominant natural site frequency. The experimental range data were used to calculate the spectral average acceleration and the horizontal amplification factors. The simulations were performed and interpreted by a modified version of VisualQ4M software based on 2D Quad4M, including the generation of pseudo-random numbers and pre- and post-data processing. A site at a small scale, in the territory of the city of L’Aquila (Italy), was selected as the test case. This paper demonstrates, from a numerical point of view, that both a simple local topographic modification due to excavation and the uncertainties of the numerical values, even of the shear wave velocity alone, can have an important impact on the local seismic amplification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Seismic Hazard Assessment)
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