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Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders
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Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 4998

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shengshuai Shan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
Interests: diabetes; metabolic disease; obesity; molecular mechanism; lipidemia; nutrition; metabolic syndrome; molecular and cellular biology of nutrients, foods, and dietary supplements; macro- and micronutrients

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic and nutritional disorders have been emerging as major conditions affecting a huge percentage of the population, and their prevalence is still rising rapidly, which accounts for related health problems with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality globally.

This Special Issue of Nutrients will focus on all aspects of metabolic and nutritional disorders. It includes research at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels, highlighting the relevance of diet in metabolic dysfunctions, notably the role of nutrients or dietary compounds in molecular mechanisms in the disorders of human nutrition and metabolism.

We aim to publish original research articles and up-to-date review articles covering the broad and multidisciplinary fields of human nutrition and metabolism. This Special Issue, “Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders”, welcomes submissions of studies on, but not limited to, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, other body fat disorders, the molecular and cellular biology of nutrients, foods and dietary supplements, and macro- as well as micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals. Topics related to molecular and cellular metabolism, nutrient sensing, and nutrient–gene interactions are also of interest. Other areas of interest include the effects of hormones, models of metabolic function, macronutrient interactions, outcomes of changes in diet, pathophysiology, etc.

Dr. Shengshuai Shan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • lipedemia
  • metabolic syndrome
  • metabolism
  • diet
  • macro- and micronutrients
  • nutrient sensing
  • nutrient–gene interactions
  • metabolic and nutritional disorders

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 539 KiB  
Article
The Frequency and Main Characteristics of Obesity in Undocumented Migrants Receiving Medical Assistance from a Charitable Organisation in Italy
by Matteo Franchi, Gianfrancesco Fiorini, Claudia Conflitti, Fabio Riccardo Schibuola, Antonello Emilio Rigamonti, Alessandro Sartorio, Giovanni Corrao and Silvano Gabriele Cella
Healthcare 2024, 12(23), 2326; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232326 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 227
Abstract
Background: Obesity is continually growing not only in medium- and high-income countries but also in low-income countries, from where increasing numbers of migrants arrive in Western countries. We aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of obesity in a sample of undocumented migrants, [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity is continually growing not only in medium- and high-income countries but also in low-income countries, from where increasing numbers of migrants arrive in Western countries. We aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of obesity in a sample of undocumented migrants, a population for which official health data are not available. Methods: We collected demographic and socio-economic data and information on medical diagnoses and pharmacologic treatments for 341 undocumented migrants consecutively attending the outpatient clinic of a big non-governmental organisation in Milan, Italy, from March to July 2023. To measure obesity, we used both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used multivariate robust Poisson regression models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of overweight or obesity according to socio-demographic conditions and other risk factors. Results: Using BMI, the proportion of migrants with obesity was 28.7% (95% CI 24.0–33.0%) and those with overweight represented 32.3% (95% CI 27.3–37.5%). Obesity was more frequent among Asians (53.9%, 95% CI 37.2–69.9%), followed by Latinos (38.7%, 95% CI 29.6–48.5%) and Eastern Europeans (38.2%, 95% CI 25.4–52.3%). Using WC, 68.3% (95% CI 63.1–73.2%) of migrants had values suggestive of overweight or obesity. In the multivariate analyses, overweight and obesity were more frequent in migrants with older age, with a stable employment, and who had been present in Italy for a long time, as well as in those with CV diseases. Moreover, individuals with obesity needed more medications for the cardiovascular system and for the alimentary tract and metabolism. Conclusions: In our sample of undocumented migrants, overweight and obesity were frequent, representing an important public health issue, considering the difficulty experienced by such individuals in finding access to both prevention and healthcare services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders)
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12 pages, 1197 KiB  
Article
The Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan: A Cost of Illness Study
by Muhammad Subhan Arshad, Faleh Alqahtani and Muhammad Fawad Rasool
Healthcare 2024, 12(18), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181826 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1584
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease with a chronic nature and poses a significant health burden worldwide, with no exception in Pakistan. Hence, this study aimed to explore the financial burden of T2DM in Pakistan through cost of [...] Read more.
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease with a chronic nature and poses a significant health burden worldwide, with no exception in Pakistan. Hence, this study aimed to explore the financial burden of T2DM in Pakistan through cost of illness analysis. Methods: A prevalence-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured data collection tool from the patient’s perspective. Through structured interviews by trained data collectors, the data regarding direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs were collected and further verified through prescriptions and bills. After testing the normality of data, mean and median with interquartile range were used to present cost data, while non-parametric tests, i.e., the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, were used to assess factors associated with costs, as cost data were not normally distributed. Results: The study included 522 participants, with a majority being female (54%) and aged between 41 and 60 years (64%). The mean annual total cost per patient was USD 235.1 (median = USD 162.8), comprising direct medical costs, 93.2% (mean = USD 219.2; median = USD 150.0), direct non-medical costs, 5.3% (mean = USD 12.4; median = USD 7.1), and indirect costs, 1.5% (mean = USD 3.5; median = USD 1.9). Costs were significantly higher for patients with advanced age, high literacy, higher household incomes, duration of diabetes, more than one complication, and using combination therapy. Conclusions: The economic burden of T2DM in Pakistan is substantial, with medication costs being the largest component. Effective management strategies and policy interventions are crucial to mitigate this burden and improve the economic and health outcomes for diabetic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders)
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15 pages, 2281 KiB  
Article
Effect of Diabetes Education on Complications and Diabetic Control Amongst Adult Patients with Diabetes in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
by Omar M. Al-Nozha, Ghazi H. Mogharbel, Ahmad S. Badawi, Abdulaziz K. Alawfi, Mohammed W. Aljayyar, Osamah N. Makhdoom, Husain M. Kateb and Anwar A. Sayed
Healthcare 2024, 12(17), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171708 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1037
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that may become dangerous if there is insufficient insulin to help the body function properly. The proper care for diabetes depends on how well patients observe guidelines and prescriptions; consequently, patient education is critical. Poor learning may [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that may become dangerous if there is insufficient insulin to help the body function properly. The proper care for diabetes depends on how well patients observe guidelines and prescriptions; consequently, patient education is critical. Poor learning may cause bad treatment and complications or other problems related to the disease. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate patients’ knowledge of diabetes, assigning a knowledge (K) score out of 100, and investigate the possible impact of educating patients, through general means or via healthcare professionals, on patient knowledge of diabetes control demonstrated in the absence/presence of diabetic complications. Methods: This multi-center interview-based cross-sectional study used a questionnaire in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted on adults with diabetes who were aged 15–80. We used the Michigan Diabetic Knowledge Test (MDKT) to assess the knowledge of patients with diabetes. Results: This study included 364 participants. The gender distribution was 48.33% male and 51.67% female. Most of them had type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without insulin (48.63%), followed by those with T2DM on insulin (36.26%), and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (15.11%). Patients with T2DM had significantly higher K scores than patients with type 1. Additionally, T2DM non-insulin patients’ k-scores significantly exceeded those with T1DM. General and healthcare education both helped increase patients’ K-scores. Mostly, patients with diabetes without any complications had significantly higher knowledge compared to those having them. Lastly, regardless of whether the education was delivered by general or professional means, the effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels was not significant. Conclusions: Our study revealed that patients with T2DM exhibited higher knowledge than patients with T1DM. Furthermore, receiving education, whether by a healthcare professional or by general means, improved the knowledge levels of patients with T2DM but not patients with T1DM. Regarding diabetes complications, it was found that those with a higher level of knowledge had fewer complications. However, no evidence receiving education influenced the levels of HbA1C, neither in patients with T1DM nor T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders)
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11 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diabetes Self-Management in Saudi Arabia
by Ibrahim Sales, Ghada Bawazeer, Ahmad Abdul-Wahhab Shahba and Hadeel Alkofide
Healthcare 2024, 12(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050521 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1307
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare worldwide, potentially impacting disease management. The objective of this study was to assess the self-management behaviors of Saudi patients with diabetes during and after the COVID pandemic period using the Arabic version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare worldwide, potentially impacting disease management. The objective of this study was to assess the self-management behaviors of Saudi patients with diabetes during and after the COVID pandemic period using the Arabic version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had at least one ambulatory clinic visit in each of the specified time frames (Pre-COVID-19: 1 January 2019–21 March 2020; COVID-19 Time frame: 22 March 2020 to 30 April 2021) utilizing the DSMQ questionnaire, with an additional three questions specifically related to their diabetes care during the COVID pandemic. A total of 341 patients participated in the study. The study results revealed that the surveyed patients showed moderately high self-care activities post-COVID-19. Total DSMQ scores were significantly higher in patients aged >60 years versus younger groups (p < 0.05). Scores were significantly lower in patients diagnosed for 1–5 years versus longer durations (p < 0.05). Patients on insulin had higher glucose management sub-scores than oral medication users (p < 0.05). Overall, DSMQ scores were higher than the pre-pandemic Saudi population and Turkish post-pandemic findings. DSMQ results suggest that, while COVID-19 negatively impacted some self-management domains, the Saudi patients surveyed in this study upheld relatively good diabetes control during the pandemic. Further research is warranted on specific barriers to optimize diabetes care during public health crises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders)
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