Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Function and Health

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Assessments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2024) | Viewed by 4381

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
Interests: cognitive and behavioral analysis; emotional regulation; physical health promotion; mental health and well-being; performance enhancement; aging and healthy aging; psychological and epidemiological studies; workplace wellness; psychophysiology; exercise psychology; mental and physical rehabilitation; chronic disease management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
Interests: exercise science; exercise physiology; genetics; biochemistry; sport physiology; sports science; exercise performance; strength & conditioning; sport biomechanics; human physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Healthcare will explore the relationship between physical activity and quality of health and psychological function, which has gained significant momentum in recent years. Many individuals, organizations, and disciplines have shown keen interest in this area. Health professionals, including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers, are interested in promoting physical activity to improve overall health and well-being. They recognize the potential of regular exercise in preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and certain cancers. Public health organizations and advocacy groups also focus on disease prevention and health promotion through physical activity.

Mental health professionals and researchers are growing interested in the psychological benefits of physical activity. Studies have shown that exercise can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and improve mood and overall psychological well-being. This has increased attention to exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for mental health conditions. Athletes, coaches, and sports organizations are invested in understanding how physical activity can enhance performance. They explore the effects of different exercise modalities, training techniques, and recovery strategies on athletic performance and psychological factors such as motivation, focus, and confidence. There is also significant interest in how physical activity can support healthy aging and mitigate age-related decline in physical and cognitive functions. Researchers, healthcare professionals, and older adults are interested in exercise interventions to enhance the quality of life, functional independence, and cognitive abilities in older populations.

Workplace wellness programs incorporate physical activity components to improve employee health, productivity, and well-being. Employers recognize the importance of physical activity in reducing sedentary behavior and promoting a healthy workforce. Academic and scientific researchers across various disciplines are dedicated to advancing knowledge on the effects of physical activity. Healthcare is open to demonstrating work that contributes to evidence-based guidelines, policy changes, and the overall understanding of how physical activity impacts health and psychological function. Overall, the diverse interests in physical activity and its relationship to quality of health and psychological function reflect a shared goal of promoting healthier lifestyles, preventing chronic diseases, enhancing mental well-being, and optimizing human performance.

Dr. Bianca Miarka
Dr. Ciro José Brito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • exercise
  • emotional regulation
  • quality of life
  • healthcare
  • cognition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 932 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Impact of the Nirvana Fitness and Functional Training Programs on Young Women’s State Body Appreciation and Its Correlates
by Rasa Jankauskiene, Vaiva Balciuniene, Renata Rutkauskaite, Simona Pajaujiene and Migle Baceviciene
Healthcare 2024, 12(16), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161632 - 16 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 938
Abstract
This study examined the effects of the Nirvana Fitness (NF) program on state body appreciation (BA) and its correlates, as well as the mechanisms that could explain these changes. The study participants were allocated to NF (n = 21) and functional training (control, [...] Read more.
This study examined the effects of the Nirvana Fitness (NF) program on state body appreciation (BA) and its correlates, as well as the mechanisms that could explain these changes. The study participants were allocated to NF (n = 21) and functional training (control, n = 22) groups and participated in an 8-week exercise intervention. The mean age was 24.4 ± 6.7. The participants filled out online questionnaires on state measures of BA, body surveillance (BS), functionality appreciation, body–mind connection, mindfulness in physical activity (SMS-PA), intrinsic exercise motivation (IM), satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and perceived physical fitness (PPF) immediately after the first and last sessions. The results revealed a significant improvement in state BA and its correlates in both groups, with no changes in PPF in the NF group or IM in either group. An interaction between group and time effects was revealed in a change of relatedness, indicating a stronger effect in the NF group. Positive changes in SMS-PA, BS, and satisfaction of the need for relatedness significantly predicted improvement in state BA. These findings highlight the importance of targeting mindfulness, body surveillance, and relatedness during physical activity in interventions aimed at promoting positive body image in university-aged women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Function and Health)
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14 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Physical Activity Knowledge and Personal Habits with Recommendations for Patients: Self-Assessment by Primary Care Physicians
by Vilija Bitė Fominienė, Martirija Fominaitė and Saulė Sipavičienė
Healthcare 2024, 12(11), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111131 - 31 May 2024
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Abstract
Primary care physicians (PCPs) should be active and reliable promoters of physical activity (PA), but there is no strong evidence that their knowledge and personal habits contribute to this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of PA recommendations provided [...] Read more.
Primary care physicians (PCPs) should be active and reliable promoters of physical activity (PA), but there is no strong evidence that their knowledge and personal habits contribute to this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of PA recommendations provided by PCPs to patients in terms of their self-assessed PA knowledge and personal habits. This study used a cross-sectional design and data were collected through a self-reported online questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 202 PCPs from a large Lithuanian city, Kaunas, of which 122 were females (60.4%) and 80 were males (39.6%). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows. The findings show that the frequency of recommendations related to providing PA to patients is statistically significantly dependent on PCP health-friendly or partially favorable PA habits, their self-assessed level of knowledge about physical activity, and their self-assessed competence related to providing PA recommendations to patients, but this is not statistically dependent on objectively assessed level of knowledge related to PA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Function and Health)

Review

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16 pages, 295 KiB  
Review
Investigation of the Approaches to Optimal Exercise Interventions Based on Dementia Type: A Theoretical Review
by Hyun Lee, Hyeongmin Lee, Jinhyung Choi, Gyujeong Hwang, Hyemin Lee, Hyunmin Lee, Sujeong Kim, Minjeong Kim, Huiju Nam, Jaeyoon Shim, Hatem Jaber and Jongeun Yim
Healthcare 2024, 12(5), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050576 - 1 Mar 2024
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to enhance comprehension of the different types and features of dementia, including their symptoms, diagnosis and medical treatment, and to propose various evidence-based exercise interventions and their clinical applications tailored to each specific type of dementia. The [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to enhance comprehension of the different types and features of dementia, including their symptoms, diagnosis and medical treatment, and to propose various evidence-based exercise interventions and their clinical applications tailored to each specific type of dementia. The theoretical review includes the analysis of publications in the scientific databases PubMed/Medline, Ebsco, Scielo, and Google. A total of 177 articles were found, of which 84 were studied in depth. With the prevalence of all forms of dementia projected to increase from 57.4 million in 2019 to 152.8 million in 2050, personalized treatment strategies are needed. This review discusses various forms of dementia, including their pathologies, diagnostic criteria, and prevalence rates. The importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored care is emphasized, as well as the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving cognitive function in dementia patients. For Alzheimer’s, a combination of drug therapies and exercises is recommended to enhance cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitter activity. To improve cognitive and motor functions in Lewy body dementia, a combination of pharmacological and physical therapies is recommended. For managing frontotemporal dementia, a mix of medication and exercises aimed at emotion regulation, including aerobic exercises, and a unified protocol, is suggested. For mild cognitive impairment, aerobic and functional exercises are important in delaying cognitive decline and enhancing cognitive performance. In conclusion, individualized care and treatment plans tailored to the specific characteristics of each disease type can improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition and effectively manage this growing global health issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Function and Health)
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