Plant–Microbial Interactions: Mechanisms and Impacts

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Pathology and Disease Management (PPDM)".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 21 February 2025 | Viewed by 1173

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
BioActive Research Group, Faculty of Biology, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Interests: plant–microbial interactions; PGPR; biofertilizers; biopesticides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
“Anastasie Fătu” Botanical Garden, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Interests: fungal ecology; biodiversity and conservation; ornamental plant cultivation; plant–pathogen interactions; plant protection; horticultural crop management

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Guest Editor
“Anastasie Fătu” Botanical Garden, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
Interests: in vitro fungal cultures; plant–pathogen interactions; fungal volatile compounds; biodiversity conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interactions between plants and fungal or microbial organisms are complex and combine different lifestyles, including saprophytic, pathogenic and symbiotic. Fungi interact positively or negatively with plants; beneficial plant-associated fungi assist their hosts by stimulating their growth, producing secondary metabolites, and improving their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and in contrast, pathogenic fungi cause diseases and are one of the major threats that affect horticulture, agriculture, the environment, and food security. The role of fungi in both natural and managed ecosystem processes is obvious, with mycotaxa being key drivers of plant health. Another category of organisms that interact with plants is represented by bacteria, and the interaction between these can be either beneficial (mutualistic) or harmful.

The purpose of this Special Issue "Plant–Microbial Interactions: Mechanisms and Impacts" is to publish and communicate results and literature reviews related to the complex dynamic relationships arising from the interaction between plants and different categories of micro- and macrofungi or bacteria. This Special Issue welcomes the submission of studies that explore the effect of different fungi and bacteria on plants, including research in functions and roles of different species for plants, interactions under the changing environmental conditions, development of alternative technologies for chemical control, surveys on interaction mechanisms, general and particular impacts on horticultural yield, types of plant responses to fungal and microbial attacks, factors affecting the balance between mutualism and antagonism and the development of efficient diagnosis, monitoring, and management strategies.

Dr. Marius Stefan
Dr. Ana Cojocariu
Dr. Cristiana Virginia Petre
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • fungal and bacterial biology
  • mutualism
  • antagonism
  • biological control
  • crop protection
  • plant defense response
  • biopesticides

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 4278 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Novel Picolinamide Fungicides (QiI) for Controlling Cercospora beticola Sacc. in Sugar Beet
by Akos F. Biró, Andy J. Leader, Andrea Hufnagl, Gábor Kukorelli and Zoltán Molnár
Horticulturae 2024, 10(11), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10111202 - 15 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Studies were initiated to find new effective fungicides to use under field conditions to discover novel approaches for optimizing disease management in sugar beet crops. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), a prevalent foliar disease in sugar beet crops worldwide, is caused by the fungal [...] Read more.
Studies were initiated to find new effective fungicides to use under field conditions to discover novel approaches for optimizing disease management in sugar beet crops. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), a prevalent foliar disease in sugar beet crops worldwide, is caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola Sacc. This disease has become the most prevalent pathogen in sugar beet crops across nearly all European growing regions, including Hungary. The epidemic spread of this disease can cause up to 50% yield loss. The use of fungicides has been a cornerstone in managing CLS of sugar beet due to the limited efficacy of non-chemical alternatives. However, the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains of Cercospora beticola Sacc. in recent decades has compromised the effectiveness of certain fungicides, particularly those belonging to the QoI (FRAC Group 11) and DMI (FRAC Group 3) classes. Hungary is among the many countries where resistance to these fungicides has developed due to their frequent application. Picolinamides represent a novel class of fungal respiration inhibitors targeting Complex III within the Quinoine-Inside Inhibitor (QiI) group. Two innovative fungicides from this class, fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid (both classified under FRAC Group 21), were evaluated for their efficacy in managing CLS of sugar beet in Hungary during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Both fungicides were applied as formulated products at various application rates and demonstrated superior efficacy in controlling CLS compared to untreated control plots and the reference fungicides difenoconazole and epoxiconazole. The results consistently demonstrated that all tested application rates of fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid effectively controlled CLS in sugar beet, exhibiting a clear dose–response relationship. Disease severity, as measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was significantly correlated with yield reduction but showed no significant association with root sugar content. Moreover, data from both study years indicated that picolinamide fungicides applied at a rate of 75 g ai/ha significantly outperformed difenoconazole (100 g ai/ha) in controlling the CLS of sugar beet. Additionally, higher application rates of picolinamides at 100–150 g ai/ha outperformed epoxiconazole at 125 g ai/ha in disease suppression. Fenpicoxamid is currently registered for use in cereals within Europe, and outside of Europe in Banana against Black Sigatoka (eff. Mycosphaerella fijiensis). Florylpicoxamid, while not yet registered in Europe, is undergoing approval processes in various countries worldwide for a range of crops and is continually being evaluated for potential market introduction. Additional details regarding the efficacy of florylpicoxamid against CLS in sugar beet were presented at ‘The 10th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2024, Győr-Hungary)’ in 2024. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant–Microbial Interactions: Mechanisms and Impacts)
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