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Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
Interests: heart failure; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; hemodynamics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cognitive impairment, metabolic abnormalities, and mortality. OSA is also a huge economic burden to society manifested through lost productivity, motor vehicle accidents, and workplace accidents.  

However, information on sufficient therapeutic options other than positive airway pressure (PAP) is limited, and there is insufficient information concerning the screening for or treatment of OSA in asymptomatic adults or in adults with unrecognized symptoms. 

The present Special Issue is aimed not only at reporting the outcomes and prevalence of OSA, but also at new approaches, methodologies, and perspectives regarding the screening, diagnosis, and individualized alternative treatment options of OSA. 

Dr. Hiroshi Kadotani
Dr. Takatoshi Kasai
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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31 pages, 6205 KiB  
Article
Design and Conceptual Proposal of an Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System for the Diagnosis of Suspicious Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients from Health Profile
by Manuel Casal-Guisande, María Torres-Durán, Mar Mosteiro-Añón, Jorge Cerqueiro-Pequeño, José-Benito Bouza-Rodríguez, Alberto Fernández-Villar and Alberto Comesaña-Campos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043627 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2518
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic sleep-related pathology characterized by recurrent episodes of total or partial obstruction of the upper airways during sleep. It entails a high impact on the health and quality of life of patients, affecting more than one thousand [...] Read more.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic sleep-related pathology characterized by recurrent episodes of total or partial obstruction of the upper airways during sleep. It entails a high impact on the health and quality of life of patients, affecting more than one thousand million people worldwide, which has resulted in an important public health concern in recent years. The usual diagnosis involves performing a sleep test, cardiorespiratory polygraphy, or polysomnography, which allows characterizing the pathology and assessing its severity. However, this procedure cannot be used on a massive scale in general screening studies of the population because of its execution and implementation costs; therefore, causing an increase in waiting lists which would negatively affect the health of the affected patients. Additionally, the symptoms shown by these patients are often unspecific, as well as appealing to the general population (excessive somnolence, snoring, etc.), causing many potential cases to be referred for a sleep study when in reality are not suffering from OSA. This paper proposes a novel intelligent clinical decision support system to be applied to the diagnosis of OSA that can be used in early outpatient stages, quickly, easily, and safely, when a suspicious OSA patient attends the consultation. Starting from information related to the patient’s health profile (anthropometric data, habits, comorbidities, or medications taken), the system is capable of determining different alert levels of suffering from sleep apnea associated with different apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) levels to be studied. To that end, a series of automatic learning algorithms are deployed that, working concurrently, together with a corrective approach based on the use of an Adaptive Neuro-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and a specific heuristic algorithm, allow the calculation of a series of labels associated with the different levels of AHI previously indicated. For the initial software implementation, a data set with 4600 patients from the Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital in Vigo was used. The results obtained after performing the proof tests determined ROC curves with AUC values in the range 0.8–0.9, and Matthews correlation coefficient values close to 0.6, with high success rates. This points to its potential use as a support tool for the diagnostic process, not only from the point of view of improving the quality of the services provided, but also from the best use of hospital resources and the consequent savings in terms of costs and time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnoea)
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10 pages, 1786 KiB  
Study Protocol
Control of Tongue Position in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Concept and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
by Tatsuya Fukuda, Yuuya Kohzuka, Fernanda R. Almeida, Takehiko Iijima, Rikuo Masuda and Satoru Tsuiki
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(11), 6026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116026 - 1 Jun 2023
Viewed by 3535
Abstract
We hypothesize that the control of tongue position using a newly developed tongue position retainer, where the tongue is held in a protruded position (i.e., intervention A) or in its resting position (i.e., intervention B), is effective for maintaining upper airway patency in [...] Read more.
We hypothesize that the control of tongue position using a newly developed tongue position retainer, where the tongue is held in a protruded position (i.e., intervention A) or in its resting position (i.e., intervention B), is effective for maintaining upper airway patency in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with no control of tongue position. This is a randomized, controlled, non-blinded, crossover, and two-armed trial (i.e., sequence AB/BA) in 26 male participants (i.e., sample size) who are scheduled to undergo a dental operation under intravenous sedation with OSA (10 ≤ respiratory event index < 30/h). Participants will be randomly allocated into either sequence by a permuted block method, stratified by body mass index. Under intravenous sedation, participants will undergo two interventions, separated by a washout period after receiving intervention A or intervention B using a tongue position retainer after baseline evaluation, before each intervention is provided. The primary outcome is the abnormal breathing index of apnea as determined by the frequency of apnea per hour. We expect that, compared with no control of tongue position, both intervention A and intervention B will improve the abnormal breathing events with superior effects achieved by the former, offering a therapeutic option for OSA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnoea)
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