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Cancer Prevention Research: Ideas and Opportunities across the Life Course

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Guest Editor
1. Departments of Community Health Sciences, Oncology and Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
2. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210-2 Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
Interests: early detection of cancer; biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and outcomes; cancer screening in Indigenous populations
1. Departments of Community Health Sciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
2. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210-2 Street SW, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
Interests: epidemiologic study design; energy balance and cancer; biological mechanisms; wearable device; mind-body exercise; implementation science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer prevention research encompasses a wide range of focus areas with a common theme of reducing cancer risk in individuals and populations. Advances in our understanding of risk factors, including infectious, lifestyle and environmental, have led to the development of HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancer, new health promotion advice and revised screening recommendations. Advances in cancer treatments mean more and more people are living with and after cancer, but tertiary cancer prevention guidelines are still limited. Cancer risk accumulates throughout the life course, both before and beyond a cancer diagnosis, so risk reduction should be throughout the life course too. Opportunities in cancer prevention research are abundant, ones that can improve the implementation of known healthy primary prevention behaviors, leverage existing knowledge on risk factors to create novel approaches, expand the analytical toolbox with new methods that provide greater insights and develop health outcome metrics for cancer survivors.  

This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on cancer risk reduction across the life course. New research papers, review articles, brief reports and conference papers are welcome. Encouraged also are manuscripts with a focus on primary cancer prevention implementation studies, tertiary cancer prevention studies including those focused on health outcomes for cancer survivors, cancer screening and other targeted activities for defined populations, and methodological approaches addressing gaps in current analytical methods.

Dr. Karen Kopciuk
Dr. Lin Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • primary cancer prevention
  • cancer prevention for survivors
  • lifestyle risk factors
  • environmental risk factors
  • health outcome metrics in cancer survivors
  • adolescent and pediatric populations
  • risk-based cancer screening
  • analytical methods for complex data collected in cancer prevention research

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1429 KiB  
Article
Overrepresentation of New Workers in Jobs with Multiple Carcinogen Exposures in Canada
by Disann Katende, Elizabeth Rydz, Emma K. Quinn, Emily Heer, Raissa Shrestha, Sajjad S. Fazel and Cheryl E. Peters
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(8), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081013 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1290
Abstract
Background. In Canada, understanding the demographic and job-related factors influencing the prevalence of new workers and their exposure to potential carcinogens is crucial for improving workplace safety and guiding policy interventions. Methods. Logistic regression was performed on the 2017 Labour Force Survey (LFS), [...] Read more.
Background. In Canada, understanding the demographic and job-related factors influencing the prevalence of new workers and their exposure to potential carcinogens is crucial for improving workplace safety and guiding policy interventions. Methods. Logistic regression was performed on the 2017 Labour Force Survey (LFS), to estimate the likelihood of being a new worker based on age, industry, occupation, season, and immigration status. Participants were categorized by sector and occupation using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 Version 1.0 and National Occupational Classification (NOC) system 2016 Version 1.0. Finally, an exposures-per-worker metric was used to highlight the hazardous exposures new workers encounter in their jobs and industries. Results. Individuals younger than 25 years had 3.24 times the odds of being new workers compared to those in the 25–39 age group (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.18, 3.31). Recent immigrants (less than 10 years in the country) were more likely to be new workers than those with Canadian citizenship (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.41). The total workforce exposures-per-worker metric using CAREX Canada data was 0.56. By occupation, new workers were the most overrepresented in jobs in natural resources and agriculture (20.5% new workers), where they also experienced a high exposures-per-worker metric (1.57). Conclusions. Younger workers (under 25 years) and recent immigrants who had arrived 10 or fewer years prior were more likely to be new workers, and were overrepresented in jobs with more frequent hazardous exposures (Construction, Agriculture, and Trades). Full article
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16 pages, 1190 KiB  
Article
Digital Health Information Provided by Public Health Stakeholders on Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Evaluation
by Claudia Hasenpusch, Henriette Faßhauer, Annemarie Minow, Lena Kannengießer, Ilona Hrudey, Svenja Walter, Christoph Stallmann, Enno Swart and Stefanie March
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15624; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315624 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
In the federal state of Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cause of death among cancer patients. In order to identify cancer precursors early, colorectal cancer screenings are essential. In this context, health information contributes to informing individuals and imparting [...] Read more.
In the federal state of Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cause of death among cancer patients. In order to identify cancer precursors early, colorectal cancer screenings are essential. In this context, health information contributes to informing individuals and imparting them with necessary knowledge to make a decision about (non-)utilization of preventive services. Numerous public health stakeholders (e.g., statutory health insurances) provide health information. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of web-based health information offered by public health stakeholders in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. A systematic evaluation was used. A search was performed using pre-defined eligibility criteria and search terms. Two independent reviewers assessed the search results based on seven main categories (60 items) developed by the study team in line with the “Guideline Evidence-based Health Information”. In total, 37 materials from 16 different stakeholders were included and yielded a “mediocre quality” (median = 69%). The materials had only partially fulfilled the requirements of national recommendations for evidence-based health information. Access to digital health information regarding colon cancer screening was unsatisfactory, especially for individuals with auditory or visual impairments, due to use of inappropriate communication technologies. Further efforts are required to improve digital health information about colorectal cancer screening. Full article
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14 pages, 2063 KiB  
Article
Cancer Prevention for Survivors: Incidence of Second Primary Cancers and Sex Differences—A Population-Based Study from an Italian Cancer Registry
by Rosalia Ragusa, Antonina Torrisi, Alessia Anna Di Prima, Antonietta A. Torrisi, Antonella Ippolito, Margherita Ferrante, Anselmo Madeddu and Vincenzo Guardabasso
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912201 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1783
Abstract
Background: The number of cancer survivors continues to increase, thanks to advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, the incidence of a second primary cancer (SPC) is also increasing, but limited studies reporting incidence data are available regarding multiple cancers. This study presents [...] Read more.
Background: The number of cancer survivors continues to increase, thanks to advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, the incidence of a second primary cancer (SPC) is also increasing, but limited studies reporting incidence data are available regarding multiple cancers. This study presents our observations on multiple primary malignant cancers, the associations between sites, and the inherent sex differences. Patients and methods: We report the data, disaggregated by sex, concerning the SPCs that were recorded in the “Registro Tumori Integrato” (RTI) a population-based cancer registry in Sicily, Italy, as observed in the period from 2003 to 2017, in a total population of approximately 2,300,000. SPCs were divided into synchronous and metachronous cancers. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3), was used for topographical and morphological classifications. Multiple primary cancers with multi-organ primitiveness were selected from the database of the RTI by extracting patients with more than one diagnosis. SPCs had different histology or morphology from the particular cancer that was considered to be the index cancer case. Multicenter or multifocal cancers, or metastases, were excluded. The percentages of cancer by sex and topography, the average age of incidence, and a breakdown by age were computed. Results: Differences were observed between sexes in terms of incidence and site for SPCs. The most frequent SPC was skin cancer (20% of the SPCs observed). The associations among sites of multiple cancers are reported. Conclusion: There are many gaps in our knowledge of sex differences in cancer. The study of multiple primary cancers could bring more likely opportunities for evaluation of the cancer burden and trends that can be used to identify new research areas by population health programs, as well as for clinical researchers. Full article
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