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The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise
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The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 May 2023) | Viewed by 11384

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Flávio Oliveira Pires

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
Interests: fatigue (physical, sensed and mental fatigue); effort perception; pain and performance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interplay between emotions and physical exercise capacity has been of interest for a while. In the past few years, there has been additional interest in exploring how emotions are related to the ability to manage the physical effort demands naturally encountered in physical exercise scenarios. From the individual perspective, the ability to tolerate unpleasant sensations during exercise (mostly derived from the exercise itself, but not limited to it) plays a key role in determining the capacity of exercising, thereby having implications for sports performance and health. From the public health policy perspective, the ability to manage emotional responses to exercise may also be important for individuals’ adherence to regular physical exercise programs oriented to promote health and leisure. Thus, the present Special Issue calls for papers which explore emotions manifested during different exercise forms, thereby allowing to enlarge the body of knowledge on the emotions–exercise interplay. Articles that explore a multitude of emotional responses such as mood, affect, motivation, expectation, self-efficacy, perceived exertion, pleasure, etc., contributing to a more comprehensive description of the emotions–exercise interplay, are welcome. Articles that include physiological measures to allow advancing the integrative psychophysiological perspective of exercise are encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Flávio Oliveira Pires
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • exercise performance
  • exercise adherence
  • psychology
  • psychophysiology
  • physical exercise

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1710 KiB  
Article
Redirected Attention and Impaired Recognition Memory during Exhaustive Cycling Has Implications for Information Processing Models of Effort-Regulation
by Dominic Micklewright, Bernard X. W. Liew and Steffan Kennett
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(10), 5905; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105905 - 22 May 2023
Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Perception of internal and external cues is an important determinant of pacing behaviour, but little is known about the capacity to attend to such cues as exercise intensity increases. This study investigated whether changes in attentional focus and recognition memory correspond with selected [...] Read more.
Perception of internal and external cues is an important determinant of pacing behaviour, but little is known about the capacity to attend to such cues as exercise intensity increases. This study investigated whether changes in attentional focus and recognition memory correspond with selected psychophysiological and physiological parameters during exhaustive cycling. Methods: Twenty male participants performed two laboratory ramped cycling tests beginning at 50 W and increasing by 0.25 W/s until volitional exhaustion. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate and respiratory gas exchange measures were recorded during the first test. During the second test, participants listened to a list of spoken words presented through headphones at a rate of one word every 4 s. Afterwards, their recognition memory for the word pool was measured. Results: Recognition memory performance was found to have strong negative correlations with perceived exertion (p < 0.0001), percentage of peak power output (p < 0.0001), percentage of heart rate reserve (p < 0.0001), and percentage of peak oxygen uptake (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results show that, as the physiological and psychophysiological stress of cycling intensified, recognition memory performance deteriorated. This might be due to impairment of memory encoding of the spoken words as they were presented, or because of a diversion of attention away from the headphones, perhaps towards internal physiological sensations as interoceptive sources of attentional load increase with exercise intensity. Information processing models of pacing and performance need to recognise that an athlete’s capacity to attend to and process external information is not constant, but changes with exercise intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise)
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10 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
Is There a Dose–Response Relationship between High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) Intensity and Affective Valence? Analysis of Three HIIE Sessions Performed with Different Amplitudes
by Michel Oliveira Silva, Tony Meireles Santos, Allan Inoue, Lucas Eduardo Rodrigues Santos, Weydyson de Lima do Nascimento Anastácio, Eduardo Lattari and Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2698; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032698 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1731
Abstract
The inverse relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence is well established for continuous exercise but not for high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). The objective was to verify the dose–response relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence in HIIE sessions. Eleven young men underwent [...] Read more.
The inverse relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence is well established for continuous exercise but not for high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). The objective was to verify the dose–response relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence in HIIE sessions. Eleven young men underwent a vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE) and three HIIE sessions at the same average intensity (70% of peak power—WPeak) and duration (20 min) but with different amplitudes: 10 × [1 min at 90% WPeak/1 min at 50% WPeak]—HIIE-90/50; 10 × [1 min at 100% WPeak/1 min at 40% WPeak]—HIIE-100/40; 10 × [1 min at 110% WPeak/1 min at 30% WPeak]—HIIE-110/30. During the exercise sessions, psychophysiological variables were recorded (VO2, VCO2, heart rate, perceived exertion CR10, and Feeling Scale (FS)). Higher correlations were found between CR10 and FS for all conditions (VICE = −0.987; HIIE-90/50 = −0.873; HIIE-100/40 = −0.908; HIIE-110/30 = −0.948). Regarding the physiological variables, the %HRMax presented moderate inverse correlations with FS for all exercise conditions (VICE = −0.867; HIIE-90/50 = −0.818; HIIE-100/40 = −0.837; HIIE-110/30 = −0.828) while the respiratory variables (%VO2Peak and %VCO2Peak) presented low-to-moderate correlations only for VICE, HIIE-90/50, and HIIE-100/40 (ranging from −0.523 to −0.805). Poor correlations were observed between the %VO2Peak (r = −0.293) and %VCO2Peak (r = −0.020) with FS. The results indicated that perceived exertion is more sensible than physiological variables to explain the intensity–affective valence relationship in HIIE sessions. RPE should be used for HIIE prescription with a focus on affect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise)
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Review

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11 pages, 351 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Social Environment in Pacing and Sports Performance: A Narrative Review from a Self-Regulatory Perspective
by Kandianos Emmanouil Sakalidis, Stein Gerrit Paul Menting, Marije Titia Elferink-Gemser and Florentina Johanna Hettinga
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316131 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
As proposed by Triplett in 1898 and evidenced by a recent series of lab and field studies, racing against other competitors consistently results in increased performance compared to when racing alone. To explain this phenomenon, we will explore the process of self-regulation, a [...] Read more.
As proposed by Triplett in 1898 and evidenced by a recent series of lab and field studies, racing against other competitors consistently results in increased performance compared to when racing alone. To explain this phenomenon, we will explore the process of self-regulation, a process relevant to pacing, which is linked to athletes’ emotions and facilitates their sports performance optimization. We will apply the cyclical model of Self-regulation of Learning to pacing and sports performance settings and explore the role of the social environment (in particular, opponents but also coaches) in each phase of the self-regulatory model. It seems that the social environment could be considered as a significant self-regulatory and sports performance facilitator. More specifically, athletes can focus on their social environment (opponents) when they have to set goals and select appropriate strategies to achieve them (forethought phase), monitor and manage their actions and their emotions (performance phase), and make self-judgements and choose self-reactions (self-reflection). Moreover, the social environment (coaches) can observe, step in, and facilitate these intricate processes. These findings could guide athletes and their coaches towards more effective pacing acquisition and development, and better sports performance, which could be of particular relevance for youth athletes or athletes with disabilities impacting on their self-regulatory skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise)
13 pages, 1014 KiB  
Review
Perceived Exertion: Revisiting the History and Updating the Neurophysiology and the Practical Applications
by Thiago Ribeiro Lopes, Hugo Maxwell Pereira and Bruno Moreira Silva
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14439; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114439 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4825
Abstract
The perceived exertion construct creation is a landmark in exercise physiology and sport science. Obtaining perceived exertion is relatively easy, but practitioners often neglect some critical methodological issues in its assessment. Furthermore, the perceived exertion definition, neurophysiological basis, and practical applications have evolved [...] Read more.
The perceived exertion construct creation is a landmark in exercise physiology and sport science. Obtaining perceived exertion is relatively easy, but practitioners often neglect some critical methodological issues in its assessment. Furthermore, the perceived exertion definition, neurophysiological basis, and practical applications have evolved since the perceived exertion construct’s inception. Therefore, we revisit the careful work devoted by Gunnar Borg with psychophysical methods to develop the perceived exertion construct, which resulted in the creation of two scales: the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the category-ratio 10 (CR10). We discuss a contemporary definition that considers perceived exertion as a conscious perception of how hard, heavy, and strenuous the exercise is, according to the sense of effort to command the limbs and the feeling of heavy breathing (respiratory effort). Thus, other exercise-evoked sensations would not hinder the reported perceived exertion. We then describe the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the perceived exertion genesis during exercise, including the influence of the peripheral feedback from the skeletal muscles and the cardiorespiratory system (i.e., afferent feedback) and the influence of efferent copies from the motor command and respiratory drive (i.e., corollary discharges), as well as the interaction between them. We highlight essential details practitioners should consider when using the RPE and CR10 scales, such as the perceived exertion definition, the original scales utilization, and the descriptors anchoring process. Finally, we present how practitioners can use perceived exertion to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, individualize exercise intensity prescription, predict endurance exercise performance, and monitor athletes’ responses to physical training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Emotions on the Physical Exercise)
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