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Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets...
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Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation

A special issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (ISSN 2220-9964).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2020) | Viewed by 21981

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elisabete A. Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Land Economy, Cambridge University, 19 Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EP, UK
Interests: urban models; dynamic simulation; adaptive planning; complexity theory and data science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We welcome papers that describe the interplay between big data and dynamic spatial analysis. We are particularly interested in research that addresses the following key issues: new dynamic metrics that apply to big and ‘live’ data sets; new models and computer methods that bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide (being at the level of the data-sets, calibration, data-mining, and harvesting); new algorithms that seamlessly integrate different types of data; and new models and simulations that move beyond the ‘step-steps’ and ‘snapshot’ approaches in spatial planning in order to include space-time interaction, dynamic scalability, adaptive planning.

Dr. Elisabete A. Silva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • data science
  • smart cities
  • dynamic metrics
  • hybrid models
  • dynamic models
  • new/old data integration
  • data structures

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 15910 KiB  
Article
Exploring Resilient Observability in Traffic-Monitoring Sensor Networks: A Study of Spatial–Temporal Vehicle Patterns
by Junqing Tang, Li Wan, Timea Nochta, Jennifer Schooling and Tianren Yang
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(4), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040247 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3640
Abstract
Vehicle mobility generates dynamic and complex patterns that are associated with our day-to-day activities in cities. To reveal the spatial–temporal complexity of such patterns, digital techniques, such as traffic-monitoring sensors, provide promising data-driven tools for city managers and urban planners. Although a large [...] Read more.
Vehicle mobility generates dynamic and complex patterns that are associated with our day-to-day activities in cities. To reveal the spatial–temporal complexity of such patterns, digital techniques, such as traffic-monitoring sensors, provide promising data-driven tools for city managers and urban planners. Although a large number of studies have been dedicated to investigating the sensing power of the traffic-monitoring sensors, there is still a lack of exploration of the resilient performance of sensor networks when multiple sensor failures occur. In this paper, we reveal the dynamic patterns of vehicle mobility in Cambridge, UK, and subsequently, explore the resilience of the sensor networks. The observability is adopted as the overall performance indicator to depict the maximum number of vehicles captured by the deployed sensors in the study area. By aggregating the sensor networks according to weekday and weekend and simulating random sensor failures with different recovery strategies, we found that (1) the day-to-day vehicle mobility pattern in this case study is highly dynamic and decomposed journey durations follow a power-law distribution on the tail section; (2) such temporal variation significantly affects the observability of the sensor network, causing its overall resilience to vary with different recovery strategies. The simulation results further suggest that a corresponding prioritization for recovering the sensors from massive failures is required, rather than a static sequence determined by the first-fail–first-repair principle. For stakeholders and decision-makers, this study provides insightful implications for understanding city-scale vehicle mobility and the resilience of traffic-monitoring sensor networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation)
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21 pages, 20916 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Suitability of Urban Expansion Based on the Logic Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model: A Case Study from Leshan, China
by Haijun Wang, Peihao Peng, Xiangdong Kong, Tingbin Zhang and Guihua Yi
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8(7), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8070291 - 26 Jun 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3564
Abstract
This paper focuses on the suitability of urban expansion in mountain areas against the background of accelerated urban development. Urbanization is accompanied by conflict and intense transformations of various landscapes, and is accompanied by social, economic, and ecological impacts. Evaluating the suitability of [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the suitability of urban expansion in mountain areas against the background of accelerated urban development. Urbanization is accompanied by conflict and intense transformations of various landscapes, and is accompanied by social, economic, and ecological impacts. Evaluating the suitability of urban expansion (UE) and determining an appropriate scale is vital to solving urban environmental issues and realizing sustainable urban development. In mountain areas, the natural and social environments are different from those in the plains; the former is characterized by fragile ecology and proneness to geological disasters. Therefore, when evaluating the expansion of a mountain city, more factors need to be considered. Moreover, we need to follow the principle of harmony between nature and society according to the characteristics of mountain cities. Thus, when we evaluate the expansion of a mountain city, the key procedure is to establish a scientific evaluation system and explore the relationship between each evaluation factor and the urban expansion process. Taking Leshan (LS), China—a typical mountain city in the upper Yangtze River which has undergone rapid growth—as a case study, the logic minimum cumulative resistance (LMCR) model was applied to evaluate the suitability of UE and to simulate its direction and scale. The results revealed that: An evaluation system of resistance factors (ESRFs) was established according to the principle of natural and social harmony; the logic resistance surface (LRS) scientifically integrated multiple resistance factors based on the ESRF and a logic regression analysis. LRS objectively and effectively reflected the contribution and impact of each resistance factor to urban expansion. We found that landscape, geological hazards and GDP have had a great impact on urban expansion in LS. The expansion space of the mountain city is limited; the area of suitable expansion is only 23.5%, while the area which is unsuitable for expansion is 39.3%. In addition, it was found that setting up ecological barriers is an effective way to control unreasonable urban expansion in mountain cities. There is an obvious scale (grid size) effect in the evaluation of urban expansion in mountain cities; an evaluation of the suitable scale yielded the result of 90 m × 90 m. On this scale, taking the central district as the center, the urban expansion process will extend to the neighboring towns of Mianzhu, Suji, Juzi and Mouzi. Urban expansion should be controlled in terms of scale, especially in mountain cities. The most suitable urban size of LS is 132 km2.This would allow for high connectivity of urban-rural areas with the occupation of relatively few green spaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 10591 KiB  
Article
Generating Different Urban Land Configurations Based on Heterogeneous Decisions of Private Land Developers: An Agent-Based Approach in a Developing Country Context
by Agung Wahyudi, Yan Liu and Jonathan Corcoran
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8(5), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050229 - 16 May 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4311
Abstract
In the provision of urban residential areas, private land developers play critical roles in nearly all stages of the land development process. Despite their important role little is known about how the spatial decisions of individual developers collectively influence urban growth. This paper [...] Read more.
In the provision of urban residential areas, private land developers play critical roles in nearly all stages of the land development process. Despite their important role little is known about how the spatial decisions of individual developers collectively influence urban growth. This paper employs an agent-based modelling approach to capture the spatial decisions of private land developers in shaping new urban forms. By drawing on microeconomic theory, the model simulates urban growth in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia, under different scenarios that reflect the decision behaviours of different types of developers. Results reveal that larger developers favour sites that are more proximate to the city centre whilst smaller developers prefer sites that are located further away from the city, that drive a more sprawled urban form. Our findings show that new urban areas are generated by different developers through different processes. The profit maximisation behaviour by developers with large capital reserves is more predictable than those with small capital funds. The imbalance in capital holdings by different types of developers interacts with one another to exert adverse impacts on the urban development process. Our study provides supporting evidence highlighting the need for urban policy to regulate urban expansion and achieve more sustainable urban development outcomes in a developing world context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation)
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11 pages, 7259 KiB  
Article
Measuring Spatial Mismatch between Public Transit Services and Regular Riders: A Case Study of Beijing
by Haitao Jin, Fengjun Jin and He Zhu
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8(4), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040186 - 9 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3452
Abstract
Public transit services should favor space equity, and the concern of this study is how the allocation of public transportation resources corresponds to the needs of transit users. Identifying mismatches between urban transit resources and regular transit users benefits the transportation resource allocation [...] Read more.
Public transit services should favor space equity, and the concern of this study is how the allocation of public transportation resources corresponds to the needs of transit users. Identifying mismatches between urban transit resources and regular transit users benefits the transportation resource allocation policy. This study introduces a location maximum likelihood estimation method and a cell space collector mechanism to explore distribution differences of regular transit riders and transit stations based on data mining. In Beijing, 5.37 million regular transit users were identified, and their first-morning transit stations were found to be within 2 km from their last transit stations used the day before. As their locations were estimated, differences in ratios of the regular transit riders to residents were found among areas. Most regular transit users were located in the suburban areas of 5–20 km from the center of Beijing, and the spatial distribution of transit stations declined from the center to the peripheral urban areas. This mismatch between public transit services and regular transit riders sheds light on urban transportation policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation)
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22 pages, 7052 KiB  
Article
Spatial Analysis Using Temporal Point Clouds in Advanced GIS: Methods for Ground Elevation Extraction in Slant Areas and Building Classifications
by Sara Shirowzhan and Samad M. E. Sepasgozar
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8(3), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030120 - 1 Mar 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6504
Abstract
Deriving 3D urban development patterns is necessary for urban planners to control the future directions of 3D urban growth considering the availability of infrastructure or being prepared for fundamental infrastructure. Urban metrics have been used so far for quantification of landscape and land-use [...] Read more.
Deriving 3D urban development patterns is necessary for urban planners to control the future directions of 3D urban growth considering the availability of infrastructure or being prepared for fundamental infrastructure. Urban metrics have been used so far for quantification of landscape and land-use change. However, these studies focus on the horizontal development of urban form. Therefore, questions remain about 3D growth patterns. Both 3D data and appropriate 3D metrics are fundamentally required for vertical development pattern extraction. Airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) as an advanced remote-sensing technology provides 3D data required for such studies. Processing of airborne lidar to extract buildings’ heights above a footprint is a major task and current automatic algorithms fail to extract such information on vast urban areas especially in hilly sites. This research focuses on proposing new methods of extraction of ground points in hilly urban areas using autocorrelation-based algorithms. The ground points then would be used for digital elevation model generation and elimination of ground elevation from classified buildings points elevation. Technical novelties in our experimentation lie in choosing a different window direction and also contour lines for the slant area, and applying moving windows and iterating non-ground extraction. The results are validated through calculation of skewness and kurtosis values. The results show that changing the shape of windows and their direction to be narrow long squares parallel to the ground contour lines, respectively, improves the results of classification in slant areas. Four parameters, namely window size, window shape, window direction and cell size are empirically chosen in order to improve initial digital elevation model (DEM) creation, enhancement of the initial DEM, classification of non-ground points and final creation of a normalised digital surface model (NDSM). The results of these enhanced algorithms are robust for generating reliable DEMs and separation of ground and non-ground points in slant urban scenes as evidenced by the results of skewness and kurtosis. Offering the possibility of monitoring urban growth over time with higher accuracy and more reliable information, this work could contribute in drawing the future directions of 3D urban growth for a smarter urban growth in the Smart Cities paradigm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Growth Modelling in an Era of Live Data Sets for Dynamic Space/Time Analysis and Simulation)
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