The Fundamental Role of Biosystematics in Insect Diversity and Conservation

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450). This special issue belongs to the section "Insect Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 13497

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: biodiversity; community structure; braconids parasitoids; biocontrol; funerary archaeoentomology

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Guest Editor
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: invasive species; biodiversity; conservation biology
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Guest Editor
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
Interests: Auchenorrhyncha; agroecology; biodiversity; evolutionary ecology; exotic species; functional community ecology; insect conservation; plant-insect-microbe interactions; taxonomy; vector ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A pertinent quote from Axel Hochkirch in his article “The insect crisis we can’t ignore”, published in 2016 in Nature, expressed that “we can preserve only what we know”. Insects represent the most diverse taxonomic class on Earth, with 8.7 million insect species predicted, of which only 1.8 million (15%) are described and named. Insects represent one of the largest components of biodiversity in the world, with numerous ecosystem services (such as pollination, pest control, and nutrients cycling) being reliant on insect activity and, thus, they play a key role in the maintenance of ecological balance. Insect populations are estimated to have declined by 45% during the past 40 years, with a further 40% predicted to be extinct within the next few decades. Altogether, evidence of an imminent Insect Apocalypse suggest we are facing an issue of global concern, and there is a demand for more data and rigorous analysis to better target future conservation strategies. Our society is experiencing the loss of many species that have never been encountered. Fragmentation and loss of habitats, anthropogenic impacts, and climate change are the main causes of biodiversity declines and species extinction. Diversity conservation relies on the possibility to identify living components and characterize their contribution to communities. Accurate species identification and biological systematic studies provide backbone information for the management of insect diversity conservation.

We have accumulated a huge amount of data and publications, with online database applications allowing easy access to them, accelerating the possibility of sharing information and transferring systematic knowledge. This could be a great opportunity to facilitate the study of biosystematics, offering a crucial instrument to develop conservation management strategies. This Special Issue welcomes biodiversity and conservation surveys on natural and agroecosystems, studies investigating community structure along environmental gradients which take into consideration biosystematic aspects. Reports on web-based taxonomy and systematic identification tools intended to support the exchange of observation data and revisionary studies will be also appreciated.

Dr. Augusto Loni
Prof. Dr. Daniela Lupi
Dr. Valeria Trivellone
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • evolutionary biology
  • functional community ecology
  • biodiversity conservation
  • systematics
  • taxonomy

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1483 KiB  
Article
Insect Biodiversity in a Prealpine Suburban Hilly Area in Italy
by Daniela Lupi, Adriano Zanetti, Paolo Triberti, Sergio Facchini, Fabrizio Rigato, Costanza Jucker, Serena Malabusini, Sara Savoldelli, Paolo Cortesi and Augusto Loni
Insects 2023, 14(9), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14090727 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Human activities and habitat fragmentation are known to greatly influence biodiversity. The aim of this study was to update an entomological checklist of a prealpine area in Italy, and also to evaluate the influence of different habitats and the proximity to cities on [...] Read more.
Human activities and habitat fragmentation are known to greatly influence biodiversity. The aim of this study was to update an entomological checklist of a prealpine area in Italy, and also to evaluate the influence of different habitats and the proximity to cities on the entomological fauna. This study included different areas of a local park in Northern Italy, covering about 4000 ha, and situated at altitudes between 190 and 960 m asl. The surveys were carried out between 2010 and 2013 using different monitoring techniques (pitfall traps, car mounted nets, light traps, direct catches on soil and vegetation, visual sampling, gall collection). Furthermore, to assess the effect of habitat and locality on the composition of epigeic beetles, pitfall traps were set and inspected from April to September. All captured specimens were classified to species level. A total of 409 species were recorded, belonging to 7 orders and 78 families. A total of 76.1% were represented by Coleoptera, 13% Lepidoptera, 9.4% Hymenoptera, followed by other orders. In particular, some species with peculiar characteristics, or whose presence in the area had not been previously reported, were detected, such as Atheta pseudoelongatula, Ocypus rhaeticus, Tasgius tricinctus, Euplagia quadripunctaria, Scotopteryx angularia, Elachista constitella, Parornix bifurca, Oegoconia huemeri, and Lasius (Lasius) alienus. It seems possible that the habitat affected the community more than the locality. The woods showed a reduced biodiversity, and a simplified community structure. The comparison of the same habitats in different localities did not show significant differences. Full article
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17 pages, 2804 KiB  
Article
Back to the Wild: The Parasitoid Community of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a Grapevine-Free Natural Environment
by Filippo Di Giovanni, Renato Ricciardi, Augusto Loni, Pier Luigi Scaramozzino, Giovanni Benelli and Andrea Lucchi
Insects 2022, 13(7), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070627 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major concerns for vineyard managers in the Mediterranean area. It is a polyphagous moth, which develops on a wide variety of host plants, among which the spurge flax, Daphne gnidium [...] Read more.
The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major concerns for vineyard managers in the Mediterranean area. It is a polyphagous moth, which develops on a wide variety of host plants, among which the spurge flax, Daphne gnidium (Thymelaeaceae), very likely represents its originary wild host plant. In this study, we investigated the parasitoid complex of L. botrana feeding on D. gnidium during a three-year sampling in a natural reserve in Tuscany, Italy, where this plant is extremely abundant while the grapevine is absent. A total of 24 species of parasitoids were obtained from eggs, larvae, and pupae of EGVM, belonging to 6 families of Hymenoptera and a family of Diptera. The ichneumonid wasp Campoplex capitator was the most abundant larval parasitoid. Four species of the genus Trichogramma were obtained from parasitized eggs during the first year of sampling, with a peak in the parasitisation during the EGVM 3rd generation. Some of the main EGVM parasitoids on spurge flax were also observed in vineyards, although a certain degree of redundancy was observed in the wild, due to several less frequent “satellite” species exploiting the same host. Overall, this research sheds light on the parasitoid community and dynamics of this important moth pest in a grapevine-free natural ecosystem, discussing the possible role of natural areas as ecological reservoirs of pest natural enemies. Full article
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50 pages, 16368 KiB  
Article
Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand
by Zonglei Liang, Christopher H. Dietrich and Wu Dai
Insects 2021, 12(6), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060514 - 1 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the [...] Read more.
Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the genus was recorded previously using Malaise trap field sampling, studied by comparative morphology. Seventeen species were recognized, including twelve new species: X. binarius sp. nov., X. chrysanthemum sp. nov., X. cowboyocreus sp. nov., X. densprint sp. nov., X. dimiprocessus sp. nov., X. exproiecturus sp. nov., X. gracilus sp. nov., X. limpidissimus sp. nov., X. malleus sp. nov., X. nonattribus sp. nov., X. recipinams sp. nov., and X. tenusis Liang sp. nov. Four species were recorded in Thailand for the first time: Xestocephalus abyssinicus Heller and Linnavuori, Xestocephalus asper Linnavuori, Xestocephalus ishidae Matsumura, and Xestocephalus toroensis Matsumura. Detailed morphological descriptions of all 17 species are given; photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of the species from Thailand are provided. A checklist of species of the genus is also given, and a key to all Thailand Xestocephalus species is also provided. Full article
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22 pages, 5722 KiB  
Article
Species Diversity in the Leafhopper Genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi
by Yulin Hu, Lili Gao, Zihan Han and Wu Dai
Insects 2021, 12(6), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060494 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3564
Abstract
The genus Batracomorphus Lewis is the third largest leafhopper genus in the world, with its greatest diversity in the Oriental region. Here, nine species of Batracomorphus, including one new species, are recorded from Shaanxi Province, China, for the first time: B. allionii (Turton), [...] Read more.
The genus Batracomorphus Lewis is the third largest leafhopper genus in the world, with its greatest diversity in the Oriental region. Here, nine species of Batracomorphus, including one new species, are recorded from Shaanxi Province, China, for the first time: B. allionii (Turton), B. clavatus Cai and Shen, B. fletcheri Hu and Dai sp. nov., B. geminatus (Li and Wang), B. juno Knight, B. lateprocessus Li and Wang, B. lunatus Cai and He, B. subfuscus (Li and Wang) and B. pandarus Knight. Among them, B. juno Knight is recorded from China for the first time. One new synonym is revealed: B.nigromarginattus Cai and Shen, 1999 is a junior synonym of B. subfuscus (Li and Wang, 1993). All taxa are described, and photographs of male genitalia are given based on observations of specimens from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi of China. A key to the species found in Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi is also provided. Full article
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