Molecular Interactions of Viruses and Mosquitoes

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 8338

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Interests: arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, zika, mayaro); emerging arboviruses; mosquito-arbovirus interactions; novel arboviral control strategies
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mosquito-transmitted arboviruses are severely impacting human health, predominantly in the tropical regions of the world. The flaviviruses dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses and the alphavirus, chikungunya virus, are examples of medically-important arboviruses efficiently transmitted by culicine mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex spp. These viruses are difficult to control because of the high abundance of efficient vectors in populated tropical regions and the paucity of effective vaccines to protect humans against these viruses. Thus, mosquito control remains the main strategy to combat arboviruses, which is further complicated by the fact that mosquitoes are developing resistance to a range of routinely used insecticides. Arboviruses form an intricate and highly specific molecular relationship with their mosquito vectors. A virus must overcome various molecular hurdles in the mosquito leading to its systemic and persistent infection before the virus can be transmitted to a vertebrate host. Novel genetic control strategies aim to interrupt the arboviral disease cycle in the mosquito vector by finding ways to disturb the fine-tuned molecular relationship between a virus and its vector, for example, by manipulating gene expression and molecular pathways involved in systemic infection. These approaches require a deep understanding of mosquito–arbovirus interactions at the molecular level.

This Special Issue of Insects invites authors to present their latest findings regarding molecular arbovirus–mosquito interactions that make up vector competence. Highly appropriate would be any original research studies or review articles describing molecular interactions of arboviruses with immune pathways leading to antiviral responses of the vector, viral determinants or genetic traits of the vector affecting systemic virus infection and transmission, or molecular features of tissue entry (exit) barriers that affect systemic virus infection of the mosquito. Furthermore, studies investigating molecular interactions of arboviruses with other microbial entities in the vector such as the microbiome and bacterial endosymbionts, insect-specific viruses, or a co-infecting arbovirus would be exciting contributions for this Special Issue.

Dr. Alexander W.E. Franz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mosquito
  • arbovirus
  • innate immune pathways
  • Toll
  • Imd
  • JAK-STAT
  • RNA interference
  • apoptosis
  • receptor
  • viral cell entry
  • tissue barrier
  • co-infection
  • endosymbionts
  • microbiome
  • insect-specific viruses
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • small RNAs
  • vector competence
  • resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 1497 KiB  
Review
Antiviral Effectors and Gene Drive Strategies for Mosquito Population Suppression or Replacement to Mitigate Arbovirus Transmission by Aedes aegypti
by Adeline E. Williams, Alexander W. E. Franz, William R. Reid and Ken E. Olson
Insects 2020, 11(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010052 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7870
Abstract
The mosquito vector Aedes aegypti transmits arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of medical importance, including Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Controlling mosquito populations remains the method of choice to prevent disease transmission. Novel mosquito control strategies based on genetically manipulating mosquitoes are being developed [...] Read more.
The mosquito vector Aedes aegypti transmits arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of medical importance, including Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Controlling mosquito populations remains the method of choice to prevent disease transmission. Novel mosquito control strategies based on genetically manipulating mosquitoes are being developed as additional tools to combat arbovirus transmission. Genetic control of mosquitoes includes two basic strategies: population suppression and population replacement. The former aims to eliminate mosquito populations while the latter aims to replace wild populations with engineered, pathogen-resistant mosquitoes. In this review, we outline suppression strategies being applied in the field, as well as current antiviral effector genes that have been characterized and expressed in transgenic Ae. aegypti for population replacement. We discuss cutting-edge gene drive technologies that can be used to enhance the inheritance of effector genes, while highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with gene drives. Finally, we present currently available models that can estimate mosquito release numbers and time to transgene fixation for several gene drive systems. Based on the recent advances in genetic engineering, we anticipate that antiviral transgenic Ae. aegypti exhibiting gene drive will soon emerge; however, close monitoring in simulated field conditions will be required to demonstrate the efficacy and utility of such transgenic mosquitoes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions of Viruses and Mosquitoes)
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