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Insects
Special Issues
Management of Wood-Attacking Insects
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Management of Wood-Attacking Insects

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2016) | Viewed by 49444

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Yoshimura

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Guest Editor
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Interests: termite; drywood-pest; environmentally-conscious management
Prof. Dr. Wakako Ohmura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Interests: termite; biosensing; wood protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vernard Richard Lewis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Interests: urban pest management; termite detection; nonchemical control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ryutaro Iwata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
Interests: Biology and taxonomy of wood and tree boring beetles; ecological associations of termites and other organisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood is the most abundant biomass resource on the earth, and has been used throughout human history as an environmentally-friendly material. Wood-attacking insects are rich in diversity and abundance in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and the recent increase in global wood imports and exports has accelerated the invasion of these cryptic pests into new areas. This Special Issue of Insects will feature original research articles and reviews by leading research entomologists, wood scientists, and associated experts. Articles will focus on the biology, ecology, and physiology of current and emerging pest species and sustainable best practices for their management.

Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
Dr. Wakako Ohmura
Dr. Vernard Lewis
Prof. Dr. Ryutaro Iwata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Insects is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood-attacking insects
  • sustainable management
  • termites
  • wood-boring insects
  • powder-post beetles
  • anobium beetles
  • wood-wasps
  • feeding ecology
  • physiology
  • wood degradation
  • interaction with fungi
  • non-destructive detection

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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1699 KiB  
Article
Feeding Deterrence to Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) by Fibroporia radiculosa (Peck) Parmasto 1968
by Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Shigeru Matsuyama and Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi
Insects 2017, 8(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8010029 - 6 Mar 2017
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4321
Abstract
Brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa (Peck) Parmasto grown in decayed wood and non-wood material, potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, deterred Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) feeding. Decayed wood and PDA media were extracted and tests were performed to assess termite feeding behavior towards the extracts. [...] Read more.
Brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa (Peck) Parmasto grown in decayed wood and non-wood material, potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, deterred Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) feeding. Decayed wood and PDA media were extracted and tests were performed to assess termite feeding behavior towards the extracts. We found that the extract from PDA media also suppressed termite feeding, although it did not induce mortality. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, two bioactive compounds were detected from the decayed wood extract, and one was detected from the PDA extract. Based on National Institute of Science and Technology (USA) Mass Spectral library match and compound fragmentation, both of the compounds belong to the sesquiterpenes family. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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1613 KiB  
Article
Evidence of Subterranean Termite Feeding Deterrent Produced by Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia radiculosa (Peck) Parmasto 1968 (Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae)
by Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi, Shota Nishizawa, Ayuko Fukunaga, Shuichi Doi, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura and Sakae Horisawa
Insects 2016, 7(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7030041 - 18 Aug 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4663
Abstract
We found that decayed wood stakes with no termite damage collected from a termite-infested field exhibited a deterrent effect against the termite Reticulitermes speratus, Kolbe, 1885. The effect was observed to be lost or reduced by drying. After identification, it was found [...] Read more.
We found that decayed wood stakes with no termite damage collected from a termite-infested field exhibited a deterrent effect against the termite Reticulitermes speratus, Kolbe, 1885. The effect was observed to be lost or reduced by drying. After identification, it was found that the decayed stakes were infected by brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa (Peck) Parmasto, 1968. In a no-choice feeding test, wood blocks decayed by this fungus under laboratory condition deterred R. speratus feeding and n-hexane extract from the decayed stake and blocks induced termite mortality. These data provided an insight into the interaction between wood-rot fungi and wood-feeding termites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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4958 KiB  
Article
Nest-Gallery Development and Caste Composition of Isolated Foraging Groups of the Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
by S. Khoirul Himmi, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura, Yoshiyuki Yanase, Masao Oya, Toshiyuki Torigoe, Masanori Akada and Setsuo Imadzu
Insects 2016, 7(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7030038 - 22 Jul 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6315
Abstract
An X-ray computed-tomographic examination of nest-gallery development from timbers naturally infested by foraging groups of Incisitermes minor colonies was conducted. This study documents the colonization process of I. minor to new timbers and how the isolated groups maintain their nest-gallery system. The results [...] Read more.
An X-ray computed-tomographic examination of nest-gallery development from timbers naturally infested by foraging groups of Incisitermes minor colonies was conducted. This study documents the colonization process of I. minor to new timbers and how the isolated groups maintain their nest-gallery system. The results suggested that development of a nest-gallery within a suitable wood item is not random, but shows selection for softer substrate and other adaptations to the different timber environments. Stigmergic coordinations were expressed in dynamic changes of the nest-gallery system; indicated by fortification behavior in sealing and re-opening a tunnel approaching the outer edge of the timber, and accumulating fecal pellets in particular chambers located beneath the timber surface. The study also examines the caste composition of isolated groups to discover how I. minor sustains colonies with and without primary reproductives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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911 KiB  
Article
Effects of Decompression Treatment for Controlling the Powderpost Beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne, (Coleoptera: Lyctinae)
by Kazushi Nakai, Tatsuya Hiraku, Izumi Fujimoto and Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
Insects 2016, 7(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7030036 - 15 Jul 2016
Viewed by 4803
Abstract
The efficacy of decompression treatment as a non-destructive method to control larvae of the powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne, was evaluated in the laboratory using various combinations of two pressure levels, 1.1 kPa and 40 kPa, and three temperature levels, 20, 25, and [...] Read more.
The efficacy of decompression treatment as a non-destructive method to control larvae of the powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne, was evaluated in the laboratory using various combinations of two pressure levels, 1.1 kPa and 40 kPa, and three temperature levels, 20, 25, and 40 °C. Larval mortality generally depended on weight reduction while decreases in the oxygen level had relatively little effect. The lower pressure, 1.1 kPa, significantly affected mortality, and no larvae survived after 12 h of this pressure treatment, at 25 °C. The average body weight was reduced with treatment time and temperature, and the reduction rate at 25 °C was higher than that at the lower temperature, 20 °C. Effects on larvae of the higher pressure treatment, 40 kPa, with a CO2 gas purge, were tested to determine the feasibility of decompression treatment in the manufacturing process. Although higher pressure resulted in low mortality, the body weight was dramatically decreased using the CO2 purge. These results present important information on the possibility of using decompression treatment for wood products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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9492 KiB  
Article
Termite Diversity in Urban Landscape, South Jakarta, Indonesia
by Arinana Arinana, Rifat Aldina, Dodi Nandika, Aunu Rauf, Idham S. Harahap, I Made Sumertajaya and Effendi Tri Bahtiar
Insects 2016, 7(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7020020 - 6 May 2016
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7297
Abstract
The population of South Jakarta, a city within the Province of Jakarta Capital Region, is increasing annually, and the development of land into building causes termite diversity loss. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity of subterranean termite species and [...] Read more.
The population of South Jakarta, a city within the Province of Jakarta Capital Region, is increasing annually, and the development of land into building causes termite diversity loss. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity of subterranean termite species and their distribution in South Jakarta and to evaluate the soil profile termite habitat. This study was conducted in South Jakarta and was carried out at four residential areas representing four randomly selected sub-districts. Specimens were collected with a baiting system. At each residence, as many as 25–30 stakes of pine wood (Pinus merkusii) sized 2 cm × 2 cm × 46 cm were placed for termite sampling. Soil samples were also collected from each residence for testing of their texture, pH, soil water content, and C-organic. Three species of subterranean termites were identified, including Coptotermes curvignathus, Microtermes insperatus, and Macrotermes gilvus, with area-specific variations in occurrence. The soil and weather conditions in the studied areas provided suitable habitat for termites, and M. insperatus was the most commonly found species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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703 KiB  
Article
Super-Protective Child-Rearing by Japanese Bess Beetles, Cylindrocaulus patalis: Adults Provide Their Larvae with Chewed and Predigested Wood
by Tatsuya Mishima, Noriko Wada, Ryûtarô Iwata, Hirosi Anzai, Tadatsugu Hosoya and Kunio Araya
Insects 2016, 7(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7020018 - 26 Apr 2016
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7394
Abstract
Beetles of the family Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are termed subsocial. The insects inhabit rotten wood as family groups consisting of the parents and their offspring. The Japanese species Cylindrocaulus patalis has the lowest fecundity among passalids because siblicide occurs among the first-instar larvae; [...] Read more.
Beetles of the family Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are termed subsocial. The insects inhabit rotten wood as family groups consisting of the parents and their offspring. The Japanese species Cylindrocaulus patalis has the lowest fecundity among passalids because siblicide occurs among the first-instar larvae; accordingly, parental care toward the survived larva is the highest among Passalidae. To clarify the nutritional relationships between the parents and their offspring, we investigated their ability to digest three types of polysaccharides that are components of wood (cellulose and β-1,4-xylan) and fungal cell walls (β-1,3-glucan). Although carboxymethyl-cellulase activity was barely detectable, β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase, β-1,4-xylanase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were clearly detected in both adults and larvae. Because the activities of enzymes that digest β-1,3-glucan were much higher than those for degrading β-1,4-xylan, in both adults and larvae, it is concluded that they are mainly fungivorous. Furthermore, these digestive enzymatic activities in second- and third-instar larvae were much lower than they were in adults. Although all larval instars grew rapidly when fed chewed wood by their parents, larvae ceased growing and died when fed only artificially ground wood meals. We conclude that the larvae are assumed to be provided with chewed predigested wood in which β-1,3-glucan is degraded by parental enzymes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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Other

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817 KiB  
Brief Report
Fungal Transformation of Tree Stumps into a Suitable Resource for Xylophagous Beetles via Changes in Elemental Ratios
by Michał Filipiak, Łukasz Sobczyk and January Weiner
Insects 2016, 7(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7020013 - 9 Apr 2016
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 13508
Abstract
The elements present in dead pine stumps inhabited by larvae of wood-boring beetles (Stictoleptura rubra, Arhopalus rusticus and Chalcophora mariana) were analyzed over the initial (first 5 years; a chronosequence) stages of wood decay. The quantities of N, P, K, [...] Read more.
The elements present in dead pine stumps inhabited by larvae of wood-boring beetles (Stictoleptura rubra, Arhopalus rusticus and Chalcophora mariana) were analyzed over the initial (first 5 years; a chronosequence) stages of wood decay. The quantities of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Na (but not S) increased with increases in the content of ergosterol (used as a proxy for the amount of fungal tissue). In fact, the amounts of P, N, K, Fe and Cu presented marked increases. These findings show that fungi stoichiometrically rearrange dead wood by importing externally occurring nutrients to decaying stumps. During the first years of wood decay, the ratios of C to other elements decrease substantially, but differently, for various elements, whereas the N:Fe, N:Cu, N:P and N:K ratios remain relatively stable. Therefore, the stoichiometric mismatch between xylophages and their food is greatly reduced. By changing the nutritional stoichiometry of dead wood, fungi create a nutritional niche for wood-eaters, and these changes enable the development of xylophages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wood-Attacking Insects)
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