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Women and Cardiovascular Disease: The Gender Gap
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Women and Cardiovascular Disease: The Gender Gap

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2009

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sandra Eifert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, HELIOS Clinic, University Hospital Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: women’s heart health; (terminal) heart failure; VAD; heart transplantation; heart surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the Western world. Although age-adjusted mortality in women has decreased globally in the past 30 years, CVD in women is remaining un(der)recognized, leading to a low percentage of inclusion in scientific trials, adequate diagnosis and treatment. Awareness has been raised over the last years to decrease sex and gender-related gaps in CVD. CVD accounts for a global disease burden among women, with an especially high prevalence in specific geographic regions and among certain ethnicities. Additionally, we want to emphasize the importance of conversional phases of female lives to prevent, diagnose and treat CVD among women as best as possible. Besides hormones, many factors contribute to this inequity in the detection and management of CVD. Gender-specific, as well as classic cardiovascular risk factors will be addressed. Furthermore, focus will be set on optimal medical treatment, interventional and surgical procedures for heart failure, female entities of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, aortic pathologies, arrhythmias and related basic science. Stress as a risk factor is much more relevant for females’ cardiovascular system. The topics may include the impact of sex and gender-related disparities in research.

Dr. Sandra Eifert
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • interventional and surgical treatment of women and cardiovascular disease
  • heart failure
  • coronary and valvular heart disease
  • aortic pathologies
  • arrhythmias and related basic science
  • risk factors
  • hormones

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Females at a Clear Disadvantage with Postoperative Myocardial Infarction Symptoms
by Sonja Guethoff, Rebekka Kraft, Matthias Riege, Carola Grinninger and Kara Krajewski
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(11), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11110371 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 395
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in women. Gender bias and blindness are coming into focus as relevant risk factors for patients. To date, there have been no studies that target surgeons’ potential gender bias in recognizing postoperative myocardial infarction [...] Read more.
Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in women. Gender bias and blindness are coming into focus as relevant risk factors for patients. To date, there have been no studies that target surgeons’ potential gender bias in recognizing postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: An online clinical vignette describing a patient with postoperative MI was randomized for gender. Possible diagnoses, the next steps in management, and questions on gender bias were assessed. Results: A total of 205 surveys were analyzed. MI was recognized in 55.6% of the male case studies vs. 32.0% of the female case studies in the first question (p < 0.005). Cardiac diagnostics were initiated significantly more in male case studies (94% vs. 76%, p = 0.001). Female surgeons listed MI as the first diagnosis twice as often as male surgeons overall (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.027). Female surgeons were also more likely to mention MI across the survey at all compared to male surgeons (89% vs. 67%, p = 0.0002). Board-certified surgeons diagnosed MI by the end of the survey significantly more (88.2%) than residents (75.0%) and medical students (75.0%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Overall, this study was able to demonstrate the presence of both gender bias and gender blindness in surgeons’ assessment of postoperative myocardial infarction symptoms with a clear disadvantage for female patients and a superior awareness for female surgeons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women and Cardiovascular Disease: The Gender Gap)
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13 pages, 2116 KiB  
Article
Gender-Tailored Heart Team Decision Making Equalizes Outcomes for Female Patients after Aortic Valve Replacement through Right Anterior Small Thoracotomy (RAST)
by Isabel Lavanchy, Laina Passos, Thierry Aymard, Jürg Grünenfelder, Maximilian Y. Emmert, Roberto Corti, Oliver Gaemperli, Patric Biaggi and Diana Reser
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(10), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11100329 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
Background: Little is known about gender-dependent outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) through right anterior thoracotomy (RAST). The aim of our study was to analyze the mid-term outcomes of our cohort. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 338 patients (2013–2022). Subgroup [...] Read more.
Background: Little is known about gender-dependent outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) through right anterior thoracotomy (RAST). The aim of our study was to analyze the mid-term outcomes of our cohort. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 338 patients (2013–2022). Subgroup analysis included a gender-dependent comparison of age groups ≤60 and >60 years. Results: Women were older (69.27 ± 7.98 vs. 64.15 ± 11.47, p < 0.001) with higher Euroscore II (1.25 ± 0.73 vs. 0.94 ± 0.45, p < 0.001). Bypass and cross-clamp time were shorter (109.36 ± 30.8 vs. 117.65 ± 33.1 minutes, p = 0.01; 68.26 ± 21.5 vs. 74.36 ± 23.3 minutes, p = 0.01), while ICU, hospital stay and atrial fibrillation were higher (2.48 ± 8.2 vs. 1.35 ± 1.4 days, p = 0.005; 11 ± 7.8 vs. 9.48 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.002; 6.7% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.024). Mortality was 0.9%, while stroke was 0.6%. Age subgroup analysis showed that women were older (p = 0.025) with longer ICU and hospital stays (p < 0.001, p = 0.007). On mid-term follow-up (4.52 ± 2.67 years) of 315 patients (94.3%), there was no significant difference in survival, MACCE and re-intervention comparing gender and age groups. Conclusions: Despite older age, higher Euroscore II, longer ICU and hospital stay in women, mortality, MACCE and reoperation were low and comparable in gender and age groups. We believe that our patient-tailored heart team decision making combined with RAST translates into gender-tailored medicine, which equalizes the widely reported negative outcomes of female patients after cardiac surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women and Cardiovascular Disease: The Gender Gap)
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