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Heart Diseases in Children
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Heart Diseases in Children

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 4991

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yogen Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
2. Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
3. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Interests: critical congenital heart diseases; hemodynamics; pulmonary hypertension; advanced echocardiography; PDA; transitional circulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cecile Tissot

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre de Pediatrie, Clinique des Grangettes, 7 ch des Grangettes, 1224 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
Interests: antenatal diagnosis of CHDs; univentricular physiology; advanced echocardiography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the most common congenital malformation in children, with an incidence of around 1% in live born children. Despite significant advancements in technology and surgical techniques and an improvement in outcomes, CHDs are still associated with high mortality and co-morbidities. The Special Issue on ‘Heart diseases in children’ is aimed at inviting leading experts in the field to share their knowledge, experience and expertise. We are seeking manuscripts on a wide range of topics such as antenatal diagnosis of CHDs, state-of-the-art perinatal management of CHDs, balancing circulation in children with CHDs, advanced interventional pediatric cardiology, improving peri-operative and long-term outcomes in children with CHDs and beyond. The issue will allow readers to refer to these articles to enhance their knowledge and apply it in clinical practice for (1) improving the early recognition and stabilization of children with CHDs pre-operatively, (2) improving the peri-operative management of CHDs and (3) the post-operative management of CHDs, and (4) improving outcomes in children with CHDs.
Topics of interest include:

  1. Improving the antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects.
  2. The perinatal management of infants with critical congenital heart defects.
  3. The balancing of circulation in univentricular physiology.
  4. Advances in interventional pediatric cardiology.
  5. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants—is surgical ligation a thing of the past?
  6. Improving long-term outcomes in children with CHDs.
  7. Advances in the management of heart failure in children with CHDs.
  8. The early recognition and management of pulmonary hypertension in CHDs.

Dr. Yogen Singh
Dr. Cecile Tissot
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • critical congenital heart defects
  • antenatal diagnosis
  • perinatal management
  • univertricular physiology
  • outcomes
  • heart failure
  • pulmonary hypertension

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4094 KiB  
Article
Balloon Valvuloplasty in Congenital Critical Aortic Valve Stenosis in Neonates and Infants: A Rescue Procedure for the Left Ventricle
by Jochen Pfeifer, Axel Rentzsch, Martin Poryo and Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(5), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11050156 - 18 May 2024
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
Congenital critical aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a life-threatening disease requiring urgent treatment. First-line therapy is still controversial. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze retrospectively the patients of our institution who underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) due to CAVS and [...] Read more.
Congenital critical aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a life-threatening disease requiring urgent treatment. First-line therapy is still controversial. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze retrospectively the patients of our institution who underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) due to CAVS and (2) describe the techniques for improved feasibility of intervention using microcatheters and retrieval loops. Twelve patients underwent 23 BAVs: 1 BAV was performed in 3 patients, 2 BAVs were performed in 7 patients, and 3 BAVs were performed in 2 patients. The peak trans-valvular pressure gradient (Δp) and left ventricular shortening fraction (LVSF) improved significantly in the first two interventions. In the first BAV, Δp decreased from 73.7 ± 34.5 mmHg to 39.8 ± 11.9 mmHg (p = 0.003), and the LVSF improved from 22.3 ± 13.5% to 31.6 ± 10.2% (p = 0.001). In the second BAV, Δp decreased from 73.2 ± 33.3 mmHg to 35.0 ± 20.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), and the LVSF increased from 26.7 ± 9.6% to 33.3 ± 7.4% (p = 0.004). Cardiac surgery during the neonatal period was avoided for all children. The median time to valve surgery was 5.75 years. Few complications occurred, namely mild-to-moderate aortic regurgitation, one remediable air embolism, and one intimal injury to the ascending aorta. We conclude that BAV is a successful emergency treatment for CAVS, resulting in left ventricular relief, clinical stabilization, and a time gain until cardiac surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Diseases in Children)
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Review

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10 pages, 563 KiB  
Review
Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects: A Scoping Review
by Amanda Clifton, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Gerson Cipriano, Jr., James G. Moore and Lawrence P. Cahalin
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(10), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11100309 - 5 Oct 2024
Viewed by 665
Abstract
Children and adolescents (C&As) with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have decreased functional capacity and executive functioning (EF) due to brain abnormalities and decreased cerebral perfusion. Exercise may improve EF via increased cognitive demands and cerebral blood supply. The purpose of this review was [...] Read more.
Children and adolescents (C&As) with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have decreased functional capacity and executive functioning (EF) due to brain abnormalities and decreased cerebral perfusion. Exercise may improve EF via increased cognitive demands and cerebral blood supply. The purpose of this review was to identify evidence describing the impact of physical activity (PA) interventions on EF in C&As with CHDs. The following databases were searched from 2000 to 2024: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo. The inclusion criteria consisted of participants aged from birth to 18 years with CHD, interventions related to PA, and EF as an outcome measure. Articles were excluded if adults were included, translation to English was impossible, and full access was unavailable. Of 613 initial articles, 3 were analyzed, with only 1 meeting all inclusion criteria. The included study found significant improvements in self-reported cognitive functioning and parent-reported social functioning after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in children aged 10–15 years with CHDs. Common themes among the reviewed articles indicated that EF remains impaired throughout the lifespan, children have unique interventional and developmental needs, and research remains limited despite theoretical benefits. Further investigation of the effect of PA on EF in C&As with CHDs is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Diseases in Children)
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Other

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7 pages, 1745 KiB  
Case Report
Advanced Echocardiography Assessment in the Management of Alcapa Syndrome: Case Report
by Asmaa Carla Hagău, Horațiu Suciu, Anca Voichița Popoiu and Iolanda Muntean
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(7), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11070219 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1022
Abstract
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition affecting infants that requires immediate corrective surgery to restore blood flow to the myocardium. We present a case of an infant with ALCAPA and [...] Read more.
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition affecting infants that requires immediate corrective surgery to restore blood flow to the myocardium. We present a case of an infant with ALCAPA and severe heart failure. What sets this case apart is the utilization of speckle-tracking echocardiography as a non-invasive method for assessing global and regional myocardial function before and after surgical intervention. Our preoperative analysis revealed compromised contraction in specific areas of the left ventricle (LV), in the regions that were supplied by both the left coronary artery (LCA) and the right coronary artery (RCA). Interestingly, despite an increase in ejection fraction (EF) measured by conventional echocardiography, the postoperative speckle-tracking analysis revealed persistent impairment in the anterior territories supplied by LCA, highlighting the potential of this technique in identifying myocardial abnormalities during postoperative follow-up. In conclusion, speckle-tracking echocardiography may be a valuable tool for identifying subtle myocardial changes in ALCAPA patients with a higher sensitivity in detecting regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction compared to conventional echocardiography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Diseases in Children)
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12 pages, 3779 KiB  
Case Report
Multiresistant Kawasaki Disease in a Young Infant with Giant Aneurysms Growing Fast
by Rosa Amorim-Figueiredo, Ana Pereira Lemos, Tiago Rito, Marta Conde, Maria João Brito and Fátima Pinto
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(5), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11050149 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 1306
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of vasculitis in which giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) can occur. There are no specific guidelines for managing giant CAAs that develop quickly and are at risk of rupture. Regarding cardiovascular drugs, only beta-blockers are formally [...] Read more.
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of vasculitis in which giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) can occur. There are no specific guidelines for managing giant CAAs that develop quickly and are at risk of rupture. Regarding cardiovascular drugs, only beta-blockers are formally recommended in the acute phase of KD. Case presentation: A 6-month-old male patient with multiresistant Kawasaki disease and giant CAAs that continued to enlarge after controlling systemic inflammation was examined. The patient required three doses of intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone pulses, and anakinra and infliximab to normalize systemic inflammation. Due to the rapid increment of aneurysms’ dimensions and the risk of rupture, we introduced anticoagulant therapy and propranolol plus captopril, and titration doses were introduced according to a tolerated decrease in heart rate and arterial pressure. CAAs increment stabilized and slowly reduced their dimensions. Conclusions: The authors describe an atypical case of multiresistant KD with giant rapidly increasing CAAs even after controlling systemic inflammation. The introduction of a beta-blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was demonstrated to be useful for stabilizing giant CAAs growth and reducing the potential risk of rupture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Diseases in Children)
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