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Infectious Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic Methods, Updated Treatment Protocols and New Antimicrobial Agents

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2024) | Viewed by 3287

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andreas G. Tsantes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, “Attiko” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
2. Department of Microbiology, 'Saint Savvas' Oncology Hospital, 11635 Athens, Greece
Interests: clinical microbiology; infectious diseases; antimicrobial resistance; laboratory medicine; laboratory hematology; transfusion medicine; hemostasis; thrombosis; biostatistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Academic Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Konstandopoulio General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: orthopedics; musculoskeletal infections; hand surgery; musculoskeletal trauma; spine diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rozeta Sokou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
Interests: neonatal sepsis; SARS-CoV-2; infectious diseases; neonatal sepsis diagnosis decision-making; inflammatory biomarkers; congenital infections; neonatal sepsis-associated coagulopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vanesa Bellou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: epidemiology; respiratory medicine; pulmonary disease; pneumonia; lower respiratory infection; airways; risk of bias; prognosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted in the most prominent way the devastating impact of infections in healthcare systems across the world. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections is fundamental and may lead to the development of novel diagnostic methods and new treatment protocols. Over the past few decades, major advances in emerging diagnostic modalities based on molecular techniques have significantly improved the detective accuracy for various pathogens. With the advent of these molecular techniques, such as the next-generation sequencing, the sensitivity of the current diagnostic protocols has significantly increased, while the unique molecular properties of each pathogen allow for a more accurate identification of the isolated microorganism in any specimen. Other biomarkers such as the soluble tumor necrosis factor and the B-cell activating factor in musculoskeletal infections, or the peptide procalcitonin in respiratory infections, also have promising results and can help in detection of such infections, or in distinguishing bacterial from viral infections. Moreover, the devastating impact of increased microbial resistance due to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics has led to the development of multiresistant pathogens. These pathogens have increased the mortality rate of infected patients, especially in intensive care units. However, the development of novel antibiotic agents with extended coverage to these multiresistant pathogens has provided clinicians with additional options in their fight against these fatal infections.

Our target in this Special Issue is to present recent advances in diagnostic modalities and treatment protocols of infections in various fields of medicine, while also gathering up-to-date information on the risk factors, prognosis, and pathogenetic mechanisms that are involved in the development of infectious diseases. Basic research articles, observational studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews on the topic of interest will be considered for this Special Issue.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Biology.

Dr. Andreas G. Tsantes
Dr. Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos
Dr. Rozeta Sokou
Dr. Vanesa Bellou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infectious diseases
  • pathophysiology
  • risk factors
  • prognosis
  • diagnostic methods
  • biomarkers
  • molecular techniques
  • treatment protocols
  • novel antibiotic

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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21 pages, 370 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Interventions for Pseudomonas Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Review of Phase IV Trials
by Mohammed Alqasmi
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6530; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216530 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 923
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) poses a significant threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), as this bacterium is highly adaptable and resistant to antibiotics. While early-stage Pa infections can often be eradicated with aggressive antibiotic therapy, chronic infections are nearly impossible to [...] Read more.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) poses a significant threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), as this bacterium is highly adaptable and resistant to antibiotics. While early-stage Pa infections can often be eradicated with aggressive antibiotic therapy, chronic infections are nearly impossible to eliminate and require treatments that focus on long-term bacterial suppression. Without such suppression, these persistent infections can severely damage the lungs, leading to serious complications and a reduced life expectancy for CF patients. Evidence for a specific treatment regimen for managing Pa infections in CF patients remains limited. This narrative review provides a detailed analysis of antimicrobial therapies assessed in completed phase IV trials, focusing on their safety and efficacy, especially with prolonged use. Key antibiotics, including tobramycin, colistin, meropenem, aztreonam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, are discussed, emphasizing their use, side effects, and delivery methods. Inhaled antibiotics are preferred for their targeted action and minimal side effects, while systemic antibiotics offer potency but carry risks like nephrotoxicity. The review also explores emerging treatments, such as phage therapy and antibiofilm agents, which show promise in managing chronic infections. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to enhance the safety and effectiveness of existing therapies while investigating new approaches for better long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic Methods, Updated Treatment Protocols and New Antimicrobial Agents)

Other

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 3260 KiB  
Systematic Review
Group A Streptococcus Infection in Neonatal Population: A Systematic Review of The Literature
by Rozeta Sokou, Filippos Filippatos, Vasiliki Daniil, Efstathia-Danai Bikouli, Andreas G. Tsantes, Daniele Piovani, Stefanos Bonovas, Zoi Iliodromiti, Theodora Boutsikou, Argirios E. Tsantes, Nicoletta Iacovidou and Aikaterini Konstantinidi
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 6974; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12226974 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1953
Abstract
(1) Background: The importance of group A streptococcus (GAS) infection severity has been recognized in children and adults. However, to our knowledge, there have been no systematic reviews or pooled assessments of the incidence and outcome of invasive GAS (iGAS) disease in neonates, [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The importance of group A streptococcus (GAS) infection severity has been recognized in children and adults. However, to our knowledge, there have been no systematic reviews or pooled assessments of the incidence and outcome of invasive GAS (iGAS) disease in neonates, a potentially high-risk population. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of available data regarding the risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of GAS infection in neonates. (2) Methods: An electronic search of the existing literature was carried out during the period July 2023–September 2023 in the PubMed and Scopus databases, considering studies referring to GAS infection in the neonatal population. (3) Results: Overall, 39 studies met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this review, evaluating data from 194 neonates. Unfortunately, there were a lot of missing data among the retrieved studies. Our systematic review highlighted the presence of differences with regards to clinical presentation, infection sites, and outcome of GAS invasive disease between neonates with early-onset (EOS) or late-onset sepsis (LOS). Common characteristics of EOS included respiratory distress, rapid deterioration, and high mortality rate irrespective of the infection site, while rash, gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and fever appeared to be the most frequent symptoms/clinical signs and manifestations of LOS disease. The management of severe invasive iGAS disease consists mainly of specific antimicrobial treatment as well as supportive care with fluids and electrolyte supplementation, minimizing or counteracting the effects of toxins. Furthermore, a mortality rate of approximately 14% was recorded for iGAS disease in the total of all studies’ neonates. (4) Conclusions: Although iGAS is a rare entity of neonatal infections, the potential severity of the disease and the rapid deterioration requires the development of quick analysis methods for the detection of GAS allowing the prompt diagnosis and administration of the indicated antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, given the exceptional risk for both the pregnant woman and the neonate, it is very important to raise awareness and create easily accessible guidelines that could facilitate the prevention and management of maternal as well as the subsequent neonatal severe iGAS disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic Methods, Updated Treatment Protocols and New Antimicrobial Agents)
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