Current Trends in Pediatric Endocrinology

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last few years, progress in research on the field of pediatric endocrinology has been impressive. In particular, in the field of bone pathology (achondroplasia, XLH) new and promising therapeutic treatments have become concretely available which were unthinkable until a few decades ago. Owing to the increased availability and reduced costs of targeted NGS panels, it has been possible to genetically characterize the etiology of some forms of short stature, severe obesity, precocious puberty and congenital hypothyroidism.

However, some topics remain popular in other sectors due to the management in the real world of the rarest conditions, such as primary adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), rarer differences of sex development (DSD), among others. Solutions to these issues can be contributed, at least in part, by large international networks and pathology registries that have become increasingly  legitimate in the last 10 years.

The international debate is still lively regarding the methods of practical implementation for newborn screenings of some endocrinopathies and their corresponding prenatal therapies such as CAH. This is mainly due to the lack of diagnostic and therapeutic pathways that have been validated at national and international levels.

Finally, severe obesity in children, especially with an early onset, has become a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic task for pediatric endocrinologists for decades, without effective therapeutic solutions except for metformin and insulin, which are used in cases of insulin resistance/ diabetes. Nowadays GLP-1 agonists have become available and sometimes used even in children and adolescents with more severe obesity. However, is it already possible to appreciate their effectiveness in the real world?

This Special Issue aims to highlight some of the most interesting topics of pediatric endocrinology that perhaps less discussed in order to bring out an exciting scientific discussion and attempt to improve the outcomes of patients.

Dr. Federico Baronio
Guest Editor

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• short stature
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Hypothyroidism
• obesity
• bone pathology
• rickets
• differences of sex development
• registries
• NGS panels
• precocious puberty
• GLP-1 agonists