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Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II
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Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 18328

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arnt F. A Schellekens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2. Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Interests: addiction; psychiatry; comorbidity; clinical; translational
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After the success of the Special Issue “Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part I” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/addictive_disorders), covering a wide array of topics, including opioid use disorder and chronic pain, GHB Withdrawal Syndrome,  VR applications in the treatment of addictive disorders and so on. Now, we are working on the second volume and continue reporting on clinical addiction research.

Addictive disorders are among the most common psychopathologies, with a tremendous impact on the individual, their direct social context and society. Addictive disorders are, however, a heterogeneous set of disorders, encompassing addiction to different psychic-active substances as well as behavioral addictions. Furthermore, addictive disorders often co-occur with other psychiatric and physical conditions, commonly leading to the course of both disorders being negatively affected. To further the field, it is paramount to gain more insight into the clinical heterogeneity of addictive disorders and, consequently, to develop more personalized treatment matching. Such an approach should ultimately improve the treatment outcome.

For this Special Issue, titled ‘Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II’, we continue to welcome the contributions from the field of addiction medicine and addiction psychiatry and psychology that focus on clinical addiction research. The submission of contributions translating basic (neuro)science into clinical populations or that target clinical heterogeneity and psychiatric comorbidity is strongly encouraged. We invite original research papers based on original data, as well as brief communications and review articles. All manuscripts will go through a standard peer-review procedure, in line with the journal’s procedure and policies.

Dr. Arnt F. A Schellekens
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • addiction
  • psychiatry
  • comorbidity
  • clinical psychiatry

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1408 KiB  
Article
An International, Multidisciplinary Consensus Set of Patient-Centered Outcome Measures for Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
by Nicola Black, Sophie Chung, Calvert Tisdale, Luz Sousa Fialho, Apinun Aramrattana, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Alex Blaszczynski, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Wim van den Brink, Adrian Brown, Qiana L. Brown, Linda B. Cottler, Maury Elsasser, Marica Ferri, Maria Florence, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Ryan Hampton, Suzie Hudson, Peter J. Kelly, Nicholas Lintzeris, Lynette Murphy, Abhijit Nadkarni, Joanne Neale, Daniel Rosen, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Brian Rush, Gabriel Segal, Gillian W. Shorter, Marta Torrens, Christopher Wait, Katherine Young and Michael Farrelladd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072154 - 8 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2677
Abstract
Background: In 1990, the United States’ Institute of Medicine promoted the principles of outcomes monitoring in the alcohol and other drugs treatment field to improve the evidence synthesis and quality of research. While various national outcome measures have been developed and employed, no [...] Read more.
Background: In 1990, the United States’ Institute of Medicine promoted the principles of outcomes monitoring in the alcohol and other drugs treatment field to improve the evidence synthesis and quality of research. While various national outcome measures have been developed and employed, no global consensus on standard measurement has been agreed for addiction. It is thus timely to build an international consensus. Convened by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM), an international, multi-disciplinary working group reviewed the existing literature and reached consensus for a globally applicable minimum set of outcome measures for people who seek treatment for addiction. Methods: To this end, 26 addiction experts from 11 countries and 5 continents, including people with lived experience (n = 5; 19%), convened over 16 months (December 2018–March 2020) to develop recommendations for a minimum set of outcome measures. A structured, consensus-building, modified Delphi process was employed. Evidence-based proposals for the minimum set of measures were generated and discussed across eight videoconferences and in a subsequent structured online consultation. The resulting set was reviewed by 123 professionals and 34 people with lived experience internationally. Results: The final consensus-based recommendation includes alcohol, substance, and tobacco use disorders, as well as gambling and gaming disorders in people aged 12 years and older. Recommended outcome domains are frequency and quantity of addictive disorders, symptom burden, health-related quality of life, global functioning, psychosocial functioning, and overall physical and mental health and wellbeing. Standard case-mix (moderator) variables and measurement time points are also recommended. Conclusions: Use of consistent and meaningful outcome measurement facilitates carer–patient relations, shared decision-making, service improvement, benchmarking, and evidence synthesis for the evaluation of addiction treatment services and the dissemination of best practices. The consensus set of recommended outcomes is freely available for adoption in healthcare settings globally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
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17 pages, 541 KiB  
Article
Procrastination Mediates the Relationship between Problematic TikTok Use and Depression among Young Adults
by Aleksandra M. Rogowska and Aleksandra Cincio
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051247 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 6632
Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of depression has increased significantly in recent years, especially in the young adult population, little is known about its causes and risk factors. The study aims to examine the mediating role of TikTok use in the relationships between procrastination [...] Read more.
Background: Although the prevalence of depression has increased significantly in recent years, especially in the young adult population, little is known about its causes and risk factors. The study aims to examine the mediating role of TikTok use in the relationships between procrastination and depression in young adults. Methods: A sample of 448 adults, ranging in age from 18 to 35 years (M = 24.45, SD = 3.76), including 214 men (48%), participated in the study. The cross-sectional survey consists of a modified Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) to assess problematic TikTok use (PTTU), the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) for procrastination measurement, and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for screening depression symptoms. Results: The independent samples t-test indicates that emerging adults (ages ranging between 18 and 25 years) have more severe depression symptoms than young adults (26–35 years old). Gender differences were not found for procrastination, PTTU, and depression symptoms. Positive correlations were found between procrastination, PTTU, and depression symptoms. PTTU plays a mediating role in the associations between procrastination and depression. Conclusions: Both procrastination and PTTU treatment should be prioritized in the prevention and intervention programs for improving mental health among young adults. Some effective therapeutic methods are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
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17 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Intensity of Psychoactive Substance Use Affects the Occurrence of Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis
by Gniewko Więckiewicz, Iga Florczyk, Maciej Stokłosa, Marta Jurga, Piotr Gorczyca and Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030760 - 28 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
Background: Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is usually preceded by the appearance of prodromal symptoms. Numerous attempts have been made to find [...] Read more.
Background: Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is usually preceded by the appearance of prodromal symptoms. Numerous attempts have been made to find out how psychoactive substances can influence the onset and development of psychotic disorders, but to date there are no studies that show a link between the onset of prodromal symptoms and the use of psychoactive substances. Methods: A survey consisting of epidemiological and demographic questions, the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), and the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief Version (PQ-B) was conducted on social media among users of illegal psychoactive substances, covering 703 study participants. Results: A total of 39.8% of the respondents had been treated by a psychiatrist, and the most popular drugs used by respondents in their lifetime were tetrahydrocannabinol-containing products, MDMA, amphetamines, and LSD. A significant correlation was found between the DUDIT and the PQ-B values. Conclusions: Intensity of psychoactive substance use correlated positively with the risk of appearance and intensity of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Early exposure to psychoactive substances increased the risk of heavy substance use in adulthood and led to more frequent prodromal states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
12 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Using the Recovery Capital Model to Explore Barriers to and Facilitators of Recovery in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder, Psychiatric Comorbidity and Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability: A Case Series
by Esther Pars, Joanne E. L. VanDerNagel, Boukje A. G. Dijkstra and Arnt F. A. Schellekens
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5914; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185914 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1978
Abstract
Recovery capital (RC) encompasses the wide range of resources individuals can employ to recover from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). It consists of five subdomains: human, social, cultural, financial, and community RC. Negative recovery capital (NRC) represents the obstacles to recovery. Research on (N)RC [...] Read more.
Recovery capital (RC) encompasses the wide range of resources individuals can employ to recover from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). It consists of five subdomains: human, social, cultural, financial, and community RC. Negative recovery capital (NRC) represents the obstacles to recovery. Research on (N)RC in complex multimorbid populations is scarce. This study offers an initial exploration of the viability of (N)RC in three individuals with SUD, psychiatric comorbidities, and an intellectual disability (a triple diagnosis) in inpatient addiction treatment. We collected case file data, ranked recovery goals, and conducted follow-up interviews. The data were subjected to template analysis, using (N)RC domains as codes. All domains were prevalent and relevant, showing dynamic and reciprocal effects, influenced by critical life events acting as catalysts. Notably, during treatment, patients prioritized individual skill development despite challenges in other domains. RC emerges as a valuable concept for mapping recovery barriers and facilitators in individuals with a triple diagnosis, serving as an alternative to the medical model and complementing the biopsychosocial model. It provides a systematic framework to assess critical factors for recovery in complex cases and accordingly align interventions. Future studies should explore the intersections of NRC domains and the dynamic nature of (N)RC to enhance the understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with a triple diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)

Review

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19 pages, 473 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cocaine Addiction: A Narrative Review
by James Chmiel, Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz and Jerzy Leszek
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6511; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206511 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2346
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a significant problem worldwide. The development of addiction involves a reward system, which consists of certain brain regions like the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating cocaine dependence, so researchers [...] Read more.
Cocaine addiction is a significant problem worldwide. The development of addiction involves a reward system, which consists of certain brain regions like the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating cocaine dependence, so researchers are actively searching for effective treatments that can impact the brain. One potential treatment under investigation is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive method of stimulating the brain to modulate its activity. In this review, we explore the use of tDCS in treating cocaine addiction. We found nine relevant articles via a literature search, and the results indicate that applying tDCS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) holds promise for reducing drug cravings in individuals with cocaine addiction. The review also discusses the possible mechanisms by which tDCS works and provides recommendations for future research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
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13 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
Opioid Analgesics after Bariatric Surgery: A Scoping Review to Evaluate Physiological Risk Factors for Opioid-Related Harm
by Stephanie C. M. Wuyts, Bart Torensma, Arnt F. A. Schellekens and Cornelis (Kees) Kramers
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4296; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134296 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2534
Abstract
The persisting use of opioids following bariatric surgery has emerged as a prevalent complication, heightening the probability of opioid-related harm (ORM), such as opioid-related fatalities and prescription opioid use disorder (OUD). A comprehensive review of PubMed literature from 1990 to 2023 was conducted [...] Read more.
The persisting use of opioids following bariatric surgery has emerged as a prevalent complication, heightening the probability of opioid-related harm (ORM), such as opioid-related fatalities and prescription opioid use disorder (OUD). A comprehensive review of PubMed literature from 1990 to 2023 was conducted to pinpoint physiological influences on postoperative ORM. As a result, we found that patients undertaking bariatric operations often exhibit an inherently higher risk for substance use disorders, likely attributable to genetic predisposition and related neurobiological changes that engender obesity and addiction-like tendencies. Furthermore, chronic pain is a common post-bariatric surgery complaint, and the surgical type impacts opioid needs, with increased long-term opioid use after surgeries. Additionally, the subjective nature of pain perception in patients with obesity can distort pain reporting and the corresponding opioid prescription both before and after surgery. Furthermore, the postoperative alterations to the gastrointestinal structure can affect the microbiome and opioid absorption rates, resulting in fluctuating systemic exposure to orally ingested opioids. The prospect of ORM development post-bariatric surgery appears amplified due to a preexisting susceptibility to addictive habits, surgically induced pain, modified gut–brain interaction and pain management and the changed pharmacokinetics post-surgery. Further research is warranted to clarify these potential risk variables for ORM, specifically OUD, in the bariatric population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
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