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New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Otolaryngology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 11450

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Mantsopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Interests: salivary gland; thyroid surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland diseases have experienced a revolutionary development in the last few decades: in the field of salivary gland tumors, the refinement of established diagnostic modalities (e.g. ultrasound-based elastography) has offered additional possibilities for preoperative identification of malignant lesions and optimization of the treatment strategy. In cases with obstructive sialopathy, combined utilisation of established diagnostic (ultrasound) and therapeutic modalities (sialendoscopy, laser) has opened new horizons in the era of minimally invasive approaches to the patient and individualised medicine. Last but not least, the emerging knowledge, the expanding general experience and the increasing expertise concerning the biological behavior of a variety of malignant lesions of the salivary glands (“a changing mosaic“) can only be of significant benefit for our patients.

Given that this area of clinical research is undoubtedly evolving continually, the present Special Issue entitled “New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies” is intended to provide an overview of recent advances in the field of management of salivary gland diseases in an effort to provide new evidence on several surgical and nonsurgical aspects of this topic.

Therefore, I cordially invite researchers involved in clinical research to submit their original research, systematic reviews, and short communications to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Mantsopoulos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasound
  • sialendoscopy
  • sialadenitis
  • sialolithiasis
  • salivary gland
  • cancer
  • facial nerve

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 841 KiB  
Article
Intraoperative Visualization and Treatment of Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Sialendoscopy (CEUSS)
by K. Hakki Karagozoglu, Anissa Mahraoui, Joseph C. J. Bot, Seunghee Cha, Jean-Pierre T. F. Ho, Marco N. Helder, Henk S. Brand, Imke H. Bartelink, Arjan Vissink, Gary A. Weisman and Derk Hendrik Jan Jager
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 4152; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124152 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1338
Abstract
In sialendoscopy, ducts are dilated and the salivary glands are irrigated with saline. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound sialendoscopy (CEUSS), using microbubbles, may facilitate the monitoring of irrigation solution penetration in the ductal system and parenchyma. It is imperative to test CEUSS for its safety and [...] Read more.
In sialendoscopy, ducts are dilated and the salivary glands are irrigated with saline. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound sialendoscopy (CEUSS), using microbubbles, may facilitate the monitoring of irrigation solution penetration in the ductal system and parenchyma. It is imperative to test CEUSS for its safety and feasibility in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients. CEUSS was performed on 10 SS patients. The primary outcomes were safety, determined by the occurrence of (serious) adverse events ((S)AEs), and feasibility. The secondary outcomes were unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva (UWS and SWS) flow rates, xerostomia inventory (XI), clinical oral dryness score, pain, EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI), and gland topographical alterations. CEUSS was technically feasible in all patients. Neither SAEs nor systemic reactions related to the procedure were observed. The main AEs were postoperative pain (two patients) and swelling (two patients). Eight weeks after CEUSS, the median UWS and SWS flow had increased significantly from 0.10 to 0.22 mL/min (p = 0.028) and 0.41 to 0.61 mL/min (p = 0.047), respectively. Sixteen weeks after CEUSS, the mean XI was reduced from 45.2 to 34.2 (p = 0.02). We conclude that CEUSS is a safe and feasible treatment for SS patients. It has the potential to increase salivary secretion and reduce xerostomia, but this needs further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies)
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11 pages, 1522 KiB  
Article
Sialendoscopy-Based Analysis of Submandibular Duct Papillae with a Proposal for Classification
by Aleksandar Aničin, Anže Jerman, Jure Urbančič and Luka Pušnik
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031129 - 31 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2217
Abstract
Identifying a submandibular (Wharton’s) duct punctum often hinders sialendoscopy; however, there is a paucity of evidence on whether the appearance of Wharton’s duct papilla impacts the sialendoscopic procedure. A classification of Wharton’s duct papillae based on the macroscopic appearance, size of dilatation probes, [...] Read more.
Identifying a submandibular (Wharton’s) duct punctum often hinders sialendoscopy; however, there is a paucity of evidence on whether the appearance of Wharton’s duct papilla impacts the sialendoscopic procedure. A classification of Wharton’s duct papillae based on the macroscopic appearance, size of dilatation probes, and sialendoscopic approach was proposed herein. The classification describing four main types of papillae, A, B, C, and D, was prospectively evaluated on 351 Wharton’s duct papillae in 315 patients. For each papillae type, the demographic/clinical data, intraoperative complications, and time required for sialendoscope introduction were analyzed. Estuary-like papilla (type A) was commonly seen after spontaneous stone extrusion, had no intraoperative complications noted, and had the shortest time required for the sialendoscope introduction. Normal papilla (type B) was the most frequently observed papilla (48.1%), reflecting diverse underlying pathology, while difficult papilla (type C) was often associated with unfavorable anatomical variations of the mandible or floor of the mouth. Substantially closed papilla (type D) had the highest rate of intraoperative complications, namely, perforation with a false passage, and required the longest time for the sialendoscope introduction. In seven patients (2.0%), the entrance into the duct was feasible only through the fistula, while the sialendoscope introduction failed in eight patients (2.3%). In conclusion, the appearance of Wharton’s duct papillae may be influenced by the underlying pathology. Based on the proposed classification, papilla typology affects the duration of sialendoscope introduction and may influence the frequency of intraoperative complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies)
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17 pages, 3106 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Tissue Preparation on Salivary Gland Tumors Investigated by Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy
by Mona Stefanakis, Miriam C. Bassler, Tobias R. Walczuch, Elena Gerhard-Hartmann, Almoatazbellah Youssef, Agmal Scherzad, Manuel Bernd Stöth, Edwin Ostertag, Rudolf Hagen, Maria R. Steinke, Stephan Hackenberg, Marc Brecht and Till Jasper Meyer
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020569 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
Due to the wide variety of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, classification and malignant behavior determination based on histomorphological criteria can be difficult and sometimes impossible. Spectroscopical procedures can acquire molecular biological information without destroying the tissue within the measurement processes. Since [...] Read more.
Due to the wide variety of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, classification and malignant behavior determination based on histomorphological criteria can be difficult and sometimes impossible. Spectroscopical procedures can acquire molecular biological information without destroying the tissue within the measurement processes. Since several tissue preparation procedures exist, our study investigated the impact of these preparations on the chemical composition of healthy and tumorous salivary gland tissue by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Sequential tissue cross-sections were prepared from native, formalin-fixed and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and analyzed. The FFPE cross-sections were dewaxed and remeasured. By using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with a discriminant analysis (DA), robust models for the distinction of sample preparations were built individually for each parotid tissue type. As a result, the PCA-DA model evaluation showed a high similarity between native and formalin-fixed tissues based on their chemical composition. Thus, formalin-fixed tissues are highly representative of the native samples and facilitate a transfer from scientific laboratory analysis into the clinical routine due to their robust nature. Furthermore, the dewaxing of the cross-sections entails the loss of molecular information. Our study successfully demonstrated how FTIR microspectroscopy can be used as a powerful tool within existing clinical workflows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies)
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12 pages, 1163 KiB  
Systematic Review
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differentiation between the Most Common Benign Parotid Gland Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Marta Rogalska, Lukasz Antkowiak, Anna Kasperczuk and Wojciech Scierski
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(24), 7360; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247360 - 12 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1980
Abstract
Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become a promising tool in distinguishing benign from malignant parotid gland tumors. However, its usefulness in differentiating various benign parotid tumors has not been determined so far. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the [...] Read more.
Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become a promising tool in distinguishing benign from malignant parotid gland tumors. However, its usefulness in differentiating various benign parotid tumors has not been determined so far. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the utility of CEUS in the preoperative differentiation between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and Warthin’s tumors (WTs) of the parotid gland. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for English-language articles published until 21 July 2022. Fifteen studies were included. On CEUS examination, a significantly greater percentage of PAs displayed heterogeneous enhancement texture compared to WTs. Contrarily, the enhanced lesion size, the enhancement margin, and the presence of the enhancement rim did not differ significantly between the entities. Significantly longer normalized mean transit time (nMTT) and time to peak (TTP) were observed in PAs. Contrarily, the mean values of area under the curve (AUC) and time from peak to one half (TPH) were significantly higher for WTs. Due to the considerable overlap among the qualitative CEUS characteristics of PAs and WTs, the reproducible, investigator-independent quantitative CEUS measurements have a greater potential to distinguish PAs from WTs, which might influence the selection of an appropriate management strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies)
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7 pages, 2091 KiB  
Case Report
Calcification in Salivary Gland Cancer Mimicking Sialolithiasis—A Diagnostic Pitfall on Imaging: Report of Two Cases and Brief Review of the Literature
by Vivian Thimsen, Vanessa Fauck, Marco Wiesmüller, Abbas Agaimy, Mirco Schapher, Heinrich Iro, Michael Koch and Konstantinos Mantsopoulos
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(12), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123329 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
Objectives: Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of calcifications detected with ultrasound in patients with chronic inflammatory symptoms and swellings of the salivary glands. Other differential diagnoses of calcifications are extremely rare and mostly benign. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: Two [...] Read more.
Objectives: Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of calcifications detected with ultrasound in patients with chronic inflammatory symptoms and swellings of the salivary glands. Other differential diagnoses of calcifications are extremely rare and mostly benign. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: Two rare cases of malignant parotid gland tumors with calcifications in a localization typical for sialolithiasis, which were mistaken for salivary calculi based on image findings, are presented. Conclusions: This report intends to highlight the pitfalls in the imaging of parotid gland diseases. Even if malignant tumors of the parotid gland with calcifications are extremely rare, in ambiguous cases, differential diagnoses should be considered carefully. A high suspicion index of the need for further diagnostics in cases with calcifications is practical and could include missing periprandial symptoms, no obstruction signs in the proximal duct, and missing evidence of sialolithiasis in sialendoscopy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Diseases of the Salivary Glands: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies)
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