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Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction
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Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 3466

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ramin Zand

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
Interests: stroke; cerebrovascular medicine; clinical informatics; atrial fibrillation; EHR; health disparity; neuroimaging; outcome prediction; machine learning and artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stroke remains a significant global health concern, posing substantial challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. For the purpose of advancing our understanding and improving patient outcomes, we are pleased to announce a Special Issue dedicated to "Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction". This initiative aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative contributions that address the multifaceted aspects of stroke management. 

This Special Issue will encompass a broad spectrum of topics related to stroke diagnosis and outcome prediction, including but not limited to biomarkers and predictive models, technological innovations, clinical interventions and rehabilitation, and patient-centered approaches. Join us in this collaborative effort to deepen our understanding of stroke, enhance diagnostic capabilities, and ultimately improve the quality of life of individuals affected by this challenging medical condition.

Dr. Ramin Zand
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stroke
  • stroke management
  • biomarkers
  • predictive models
  • clinical interventions and rehabilitation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 714 KiB  
Article
Gender-Based Differences in Stroke Types and Risk Factors Among Young Adults: A Comparative Retrospective Analysis
by Sumaira Gulzar, Bushra Hafeez Kiani, Raja Waseem Akram, Ahmed M. Hussein and Abdulaziz Alamri
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030663 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 442
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Stroke is considered the second-leading cause of mortality and a primary contributor to adult disability among both men and women. The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into gender disparities and stroke subtypes concerning symptoms, risk [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Stroke is considered the second-leading cause of mortality and a primary contributor to adult disability among both men and women. The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into gender disparities and stroke subtypes concerning symptoms, risk factors, and clinical and laboratory aspects of stroke, with a specific focus on young stroke patients. Methods: In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 185 stroke patients were selected through random sampling from the neurology department of a local hospital in Pakistan between August 2022 and March 2024. Data collection was carried out using a standardized questionnaire, and the collected data were cleaned, processed, input, and analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables, and descriptive statistics were utilized to present the frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations of the variables. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. Results: Out of the 185 participants in this study, 122 (65.9%) were male and 63 (34.1%) were female. The comparison of laboratory, clinical, and risk factors between males and females revealed a higher prevalence of smoking in males compared to females (p = 0.014). Additionally, higher levels of LDL and triglycerides were noted in males, while females showed a greater prevalence of vertigo (p = 0.002). No statistically significant differences were found in the comparison of laboratory and clinical characteristics among stroke types. In ischemic stroke patients, significant associations were found with symptoms such as loss of strength or weakness (p = 0.002), headache (p = 0.00001), and fever (p < 0.00001), although these associations did not differ by gender. Conclusions: The outcomes of this study underscore the disparities in stroke types and risk factors between genders, providing valuable insights for the development of gender-specific approaches for stroke assessment and prevention among young individuals in Pakistan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction)
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16 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
Improving Stroke Outcome Prediction Using Molecular and Machine Learning Approaches in Large Vessel Occlusion
by Madhusmita Rout, April Vaughan, Evgeny V. Sidorov and Dharambir K. Sanghera
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5917; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195917 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1552
Abstract
Introduction: Predicting stroke outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be challenging, especially for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Available tools such as infarct volume and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) have shown limited accuracy in predicting outcomes [...] Read more.
Introduction: Predicting stroke outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be challenging, especially for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Available tools such as infarct volume and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) have shown limited accuracy in predicting outcomes for this specific patient population. The present study aimed to confirm whether sudden metabolic changes due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during LVO reflect differences in circulating metabolites and RNA between small and large core strokes. The second objective was to evaluate whether integrating molecular markers with existing neurological and imaging tools can enhance outcome predictions in LVO strokes. Methods: The infarction volume in patients was measured using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images, and the 90-day stroke outcome was defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Differential expression patterns of miRNAs were identified by RNA sequencing of serum-driven exosomes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify metabolites associated with AIS with small and large infarctions. Results: We identified 41 miRNAs and 11 metabolites to be significantly associated with infarct volume in a multivariate regression analysis after adjusting for the confounders. Eight miRNAs and ketone bodies correlated significantly with infarct volume, NIHSS (severity), and mRS (outcome). Through integrative analysis of clinical, radiological, and omics data using machine learning, our study identified 11 top features for predicting stroke outcomes with an accuracy of 0.81 and AUC of 0.91. Conclusions: Our study provides a future framework for advancing stroke therapeutics by incorporating molecular markers into the existing neurological and imaging tools to improve predictive efficacy and enhance patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction)
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13 pages, 1557 KiB  
Article
Self-Management among Stroke Survivors in the United States, 2016 to 2021
by Ajith Kumar Vemuri, Seyyed Sina Hejazian, Alireza Vafaei Sadr, Shouhao Zhou, Keith Decker, Jonathan Hakun, Vida Abedi and Ramin Zand
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154338 - 25 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1069
Abstract
Background: Self-management among stroke survivors is effective in mitigating the risk of a recurrent stroke. This study aims to determine the prevalence of self-management and its associated factors among stroke survivors in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the Behavioral Risk [...] Read more.
Background: Self-management among stroke survivors is effective in mitigating the risk of a recurrent stroke. This study aims to determine the prevalence of self-management and its associated factors among stroke survivors in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2016 to 2021, a nationally representative health survey. A new outcome variable, stroke self-management (SSM = low or SSM = high), was defined based on five AHA guideline-recommended self-management practices, including regular physical activity, maintaining body mass index, regular doctor checkups, smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol consumption. A low level of self-management was defined as adherence to three or fewer practices. Results: Among 95,645 American stroke survivors, 46.7% have low self-management. Stroke survivors aged less than 65 are less likely to self-manage (low SSM: 56.8% vs. 42.3%; p < 0.0001). Blacks are less likely to self-manage than non-Hispanic Whites (low SSM: 52.0% vs. 48.6%; p < 0.0001); however, when adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, the difference was dissipated. Higher education and income levels are associated with better self-management (OR: 2.49, [95%CI: 2.16–2.88] and OR: 1.45, [95%CI: 1.26–1.67], respectively). Further sub-analysis revealed that women are less likely to be physically active (OR: 0.88, [95%CI: 0.81–0.95]) but more likely to manage their alcohol consumption (OR: 1.57, [95%CI: 1.29–1.92]). Stroke survivors residing in the Stroke Belt did not self-manage as well as their counterparts (low-SSM: 53.1% vs. 48.0%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The substantial diversity in self-management practices emphasizes the need for tailored interventions. Particularly, multi-modal interventions should be targeted toward specific populations, including younger stroke survivors with lower education and income. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction)
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