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Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Cardiopulmonary Diseases
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Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Cardiopulmonary Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2025 | Viewed by 2366

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pasquale Ambrosino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular risk; endothelial function; arterial stiffness; atherosclerosis; COVID-19; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma; biomarkers; rehabilitation; chronic disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mauro Maniscalco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Telese, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Benevento, Italy
2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; severe asthma; nitric oxide; biomarkers; metabolomics; exhaled breath condensate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With a worldwide prevalence of 7.4%, chronic respiratory conditions have a growing impact at all levels of economic and health systems, relevant social costs, and new healthcare needs in a population that is increasingly living longer. The impact of cardiovascular diseases appears to be even more significant, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO), which reports that they are the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. The close interconnection between respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies has recently become an area of great clinical and scientific interest, increasing the need for new diagnostic and prognostic tools for the adequate assessment of comorbidities and overall clinical complexity.

Using both clinical methods and laboratory analyses of biological matrices, an increasing number of biomarkers have been identified to improve the risk stratification and adequate monitoring of the pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies recommended in cardiopulmonary diseases.

Using both clinical methods and laboratory analyses of biological matrices, an increasing number of biomarkers have been identified in order to improve the risk stratification and adequate monitoring of the pharmacological as well as rehabilitative therapies recommended in respiratory diseases.

This Special Issue aims to collect new evidence on the use of established and emerging biomarkers for cardiopulmonary diseases, which include, but are not limited, to severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

This collection of articles will cover original Articles and Reviews, and it will be open to both clinical and functional studies disclosing new prognostic and diagnostic applications of existing and novel biomarkers.

Dr. Pasquale Ambrosino
Prof. Dr. Mauro Maniscalco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • severe asthma
  • biomarkers
  • metabolomics
  • endothelial function
  • arterial stiffness
  • cardiovascular risk

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 214 KiB  
Editorial
The Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Chronic Respiratory Diseases
by Pasquale Ambrosino, Giuseppina Marcuccio, Fabio Manzo, Costantino Mancusi, Claudia Merola and Mauro Maniscalco
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196125 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1031
Abstract
Biomarkers are indicators of a pathological or physiological state, and they are essential for facilitating the diagnosis of a subclinical condition, understanding the origin or progression of a disease, stratifying the risk, and assessing the response to a specific therapeutic approach [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Cardiopulmonary Diseases)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

11 pages, 1134 KiB  
Article
The Hypothesis of Trace Elements Involvement in the Coronary Arteries Atherosclerotic Plaques’ Location
by Tomasz Urbanowicz, Anetta Hanć, Julia Frąckowiak, Jakub Piecek, Ievgen Spasenenko, Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Beata Krasińska and Andrzej Tykarski
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(22), 6933; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226933 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 230
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple well-known risk factors. Although epidemiological studies report improvements in classical CAD risk-factor control, except for diabetes and obesity, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the [...] Read more.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple well-known risk factors. Although epidemiological studies report improvements in classical CAD risk-factor control, except for diabetes and obesity, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the current population. The question regarding the atherosclerotic plaque location in particular arteries remains unanswered. Research on novel possible aspects that could help to properly understand atherosclerosis pathophysiology is essential. This study was based on a body trace-elements analysis, measured in scalp hair samples, as possible co-factors of various enzymes that may be crucial for CAD development. Methods: A total of 133 consecutive male patients with a median age of 71 (65–75) years, who presented with anginal symptoms of CCS class 2.0 (0.3) without previous heart-related interventions, were included in the analysis. The results of the cine-angiography were compared with the demographical, clinical, and laboratory results, followed by scalp-hair trace analysis. The possible predictors for coronary disease locations in the left descending artery (LAD), the circumflex artery (Cx), and the right coronary artery (RCA) were the subjects of this study. Results: Statistically significant differences in the scalp-hair trace elements concentration between the CAD and normal angiogram groups were noticed for magnesium (p = 0.003), calcium (p < 0.001), chromium (p = 0.011), and copper (p = 0.043). The multivariable analysis for epicardial atherosclerotic disease revealed the co-existence of diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.27–6.79, p = 0.012) as a possible causative factor for the LAD location. The multivariable analysis for the atherosclerosis location in the Cx artery presented scalp-hair magnesium as a possible predictive factor (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.00, p = 0.024). The multivariable model for the RCA location of atherosclerotic plaque indicated scalp-hair Zn concentration (0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, p = 0.002) and serum HDL (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.04–0.09, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Possible hypothetical distinctive pathomechanisms, in particular, coronary artery involvement, in atherosclerosis processes are presented in the male group. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the primary factor for left descending artery disease. The low scalp-hair magnesium concentration was found to be a possible risk factor involved in the circumflex artery atherosclerotic plaque location. The inverse relation between serum high-density lipoprotein, the scalp hair zinc concentration, and right coronary disease was noticed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Cardiopulmonary Diseases)
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12 pages, 959 KiB  
Article
Predictive Value of Monocyte-To-Lymphocyte Ratio in Differentiating Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis—A Retrospective Analysis
by Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Tomasz Urbanowicz, Bartłomiej Perek, Marcin Misterski, Kajetan Grodecki, Marek Grygier, Ewa Straburzyńska-Migaj and Marek Jemielity
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6249; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206249 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 592
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Advanced calcific aortic stenosis, with or without coronary artery disease [CAD], may lead to severe systolic dysfunction. The aim of the study was to reveal clinical and laboratory parameters that may differentiate patients with severe aortic stenosis with and without systolic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Advanced calcific aortic stenosis, with or without coronary artery disease [CAD], may lead to severe systolic dysfunction. The aim of the study was to reveal clinical and laboratory parameters that may differentiate patients with severe aortic stenosis with and without systolic dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective, single-center study included all consecutive patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis with overt heart failure. Patients with hematological and neoplastic diseases were excluded. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analysed. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte [NLR], monocyte-to-lymphocyte [MLR], and platelet-to-lymphocyte [PLR] ratios were calculated. The study group was divided based on left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]. Results: The final study population comprised 301 patients [133 males [44%]; median [Q1–3] age of 80 [75–83] years]. Co-morbidities included CAD [48.8%], arterial hypertension [75.4%], diabetes mellitus [n = 124, 41.2%], atrial fibrillation [39.2%], chronic kidney disease [60.8%]. Fifty-seven patients presented with LVEF ≤ 40% (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)) and 244 with LVEF > 40%. In the multivariable analysis, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NTproBNP] [p < 0.001, OR 1.000, 95%CI 1.000–1.000], baseline MLR [p < 0.020, OR 7.393, 95%CI 1.363–40.091] and female sex [p < 0.001, OR 0.308, 95%CI 0.160–0.593] were revealed as significant predictors of HFrEF. Baseline MLR weakly correlated with EuroScore II [Spearman r = 0.141, p = 0.015] and NTproBNP [r = 0.142, p = 0.014]. Cut-off values were established as 0.36 for MLR and 3927 pg/mL for NTproBNP. After excluding 147 patients with CAD, there was still a statistically significant difference in MLR between the subgroups [p = 0.024]. Conclusions: Increased values of MLR and NTproBNP together with female sex are predictive parameters for LVEF ≤ 40% in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Cardiopulmonary Diseases)
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