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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis, Treatment and Latest Updates
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis, Treatment and Latest Updates

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 364

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rita Consolini

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Guest Editor
Section of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: primary immunodeficiency disorders; autoinflammatory disorders; pediatric immunology; autoimmunity; biologic drugs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Juvenile idiopatic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease reported in children in Western countries. The heterogeneity of JIA has made investigating the underlying pathogenesis difficult, and its initiating factors remain unresolved. The immunological changes involved in the pathogenesis of JIA include an abnormal activation of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and neuthophils with the production of the pathophysiological cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. Further research is needed to deepen the complexity of the JIA inflammatory process. Comorbidities and complicatons highlight the status of JIA as the most important pediatric rheumatological disease evolving with remission phases and flares through life until adulthood, leading to a reduction in life quality. The treatment of JIA has markedly evolved with novel, potent and relatively safe agents, but some unresponsive patients experience progressive joint destruction and serious systemic manifestations. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers on JIA disease course, comorbidities, treatment, quality of life and functional outcomes.

Dr. Rita Consolini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • pathophysiology
  • genetic predisposition
  • immunologic abnormalities
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • outcome

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 3713 KiB  
Article
Single-Centre Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sacroiliac Joints in a Paediatric Population
by Joanna Ożga, Monika Ostrogórska, Wadim Wojciechowski and Zbigniew Żuber
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(23), 7147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237147 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 137
Abstract
Background: Sacroiliitis in children is usually connected with one of the subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), such as enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or undifferentiated arthritis. The main diagnostic method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints, which can reveal bone [...] Read more.
Background: Sacroiliitis in children is usually connected with one of the subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), such as enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or undifferentiated arthritis. The main diagnostic method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints, which can reveal bone marrow edema (BME) as a sign of an active inflammation process. This research aimed to retrospectively investigate the associations between the clinical presentation, laboratory test results, and MRI results of the sacroiliac joints of children. Methods: A total of 152 paediatric patients who underwent MRI of the sacroiliac joints were included in this single-centre study. The mean age of patients was 13.91 ± 2.97, while the female-to-male ratio was 1.36:1. JIA diagnosis was confirmed in 91 (59.87%) patients. Results: The main symptom reported by 128 (83.21%) patients was chronic pain, while in another 40 (31.25%) patients, it was chronic back pain. Patients with arthritis and BME in the sacroiliac joints were more likely to report chronic back pain, while patients with JIA but without BME in the sacroiliac joints were often positive for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). The widening of any joint contour was observed in 43 (28.29%) patients, and reduced joint mobility was observed in 61 (40.13%). Elevation of inflammatory blood parameters occurred in 31 (20.39%) patients, but this was not statistically related to BME presence in the sacroiliac joints. Radiological findings included BME (n = 36; 23.68% of examinations), joint space narrowing (n = 10; 27.78% of examinations), erosions (n = 7; 19.44% of examinations), and joint fluid (n = 7; 19.44% of examinations). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of BME in the sacroiliac joints and all of the above radiological findings. Conclusions: The radiological findings of MRI of the sacroiliac joints are significantly statistically related to chronic back pain in patients, while there is no relationship between any inflammatory blood parameter and the presence of BME. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis, Treatment and Latest Updates)
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