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Tuberculosis Treatment and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2016)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: sarcoidosis; nontuberculous mycobacteria; bronchial epithelial cells; ex-vivo lung model; animal model of pulmonary diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide health problem in spite of availability of drugs to cure TB as of a few decades ago. Some of the global issues in fighting TB are lack of appropriate diagnostic tools in high incidence countries, increasing incidence of drug-resistant TB due to misusing anti-TB medications, and lack of appropriate Direct Observed Therapy (DOT). The laboratory is an essential part of diagnosis, which should be able to perform mycobacterial culture and molecular methods to differentiate nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The problem of drug resistant TB is growing worldwide. It has significant impact on patients and their family, and public health systems. To combat this relatively new threat, improving TB observed therapy methods, early detection of high risk groups of drug-resistant TB and enhancement of national TB programs with prevention strategies and treatment protocols are considered crucial.

The primary goal of this Special Issue is to build a platform to exchange experience, knowledge between epidemiologists, clinician-scientists, laboratory-scientists, and all related health professionals.

We are interested in patient-oriented and biologic-centered papers with solid clinical data that are applicable in the field of TB.

Topics that will be considered for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Current situation of drug-resistant TB in national and international levels
  • New diagnostic tools, particularly point of care methods
  • Frequency of NTM among TB subjects and its impact on TB outcome
  • Tele-medicine and TB
  • Potential role of biologic agents in TB treatment
  • TB vaccine

Dr. Mehdi Mirsaeidi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Tuberculosis
  • Diagnosis
  • Drug-resistance
  • Direct Observed Therapy
  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Prevention and treatment
  • TB vaccine

 

 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Article
Novel Pharmacological Activity of Artesunate and Artemisinin: Their Potential as Anti-Tubercular Agents
by Won Hyung Choi
J. Clin. Med. 2017, 6(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6030030 - 10 Mar 2017
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 7121
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease that globally causes the highest human mortality. From this aspect, this study was carried out to evaluate novel pharmacological activities/effects of artesunate and artemisinin causing anti-tubercular activity/effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The anti-Mtb activities/effects of artesunate and [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease that globally causes the highest human mortality. From this aspect, this study was carried out to evaluate novel pharmacological activities/effects of artesunate and artemisinin causing anti-tubercular activity/effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The anti-Mtb activities/effects of artesunate and artemisinin were evaluated using different anti-Mtb indicator assays, such as the resazurin microtiter assay, the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system assay, and the Ogawa slant medium assay, as well as in vivo tests. Artesunate showed selective anti-Mtb effects by strongly inhibiting the growth of Mtb compared to artemisinin, and consistently induced anti-Mtb activity/effects by effectively inhibiting Mtb in the MGIT 960 system and in Ogawa slant medium for 21 days with a single dose; its minimum inhibitory concentration was 300 µg/mL in in vitro testing. Furthermore, artesunate demonstrated an anti-tubercular effect/action with a daily dose of 3.5 mg/kg in an in vivo test for four weeks, which did not indicate or induce toxicity and side effects. These results demonstrate that artesunate effectively inhibits the growth and/or proliferation of Mtb through novel pharmacological activities/actions, as well as induces anti-Mtb activity. This study shows its potential as a potent candidate agent for developing new anti-tuberculosis drugs of an effective/safe next generation, and suggests novel insights into its effective use by repurposing existing drugs through new pharmacological activity/effects as one of the substantive alternatives for inhibiting tuberculosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Treatment and Management)
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Brief Report
Impact of Larger Sputum Volume on Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Smear-Negative Individuals with Suspected Tuberculosis
by Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Cynthia Firnhaber, Michelle A. Kendall, Xingye Wu, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Rodrigo Otavio da Silva Escada, Michel Fernandez, Evelyn Hogg, Ian Sanne, Pamela Johnson, David Alland, Gerald H. Mazurek, Debra A. Benator, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, The AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5295 and Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Study 34 Teams
J. Clin. Med. 2017, 6(8), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6080078 - 7 Aug 2017
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5080
Abstract
As a strategy to improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based testing in acid-fast bacilli (AFB) negative samples, larger volumes of sputum (5–10 mL) were tested with Xpert® MTB/RIF from 176 individuals with smear-negative sputum undergoing tuberculosis evaluation. Despite larger volumes, this strategy [...] Read more.
As a strategy to improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based testing in acid-fast bacilli (AFB) negative samples, larger volumes of sputum (5–10 mL) were tested with Xpert® MTB/RIF from 176 individuals with smear-negative sputum undergoing tuberculosis evaluation. Despite larger volumes, this strategy had a suboptimal sensitivity of 50% (4/8). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Treatment and Management)
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