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Co-optimization of Fuel, Engine and After-Treatment towards the IMO 2050...
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Co-optimization of Fuel, Engine and After-Treatment towards the IMO 2050 Target

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 March 2025 | Viewed by 3423

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tie Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Rd. 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: marine engines; emissions control; low-carbon propulsion; energy flow management& optimization in ships; renewable energies; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xinyi Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Interests: the use of alternative fuels in marine engine; scaled model experiments for marine engine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In July 2023, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the historic 2050 net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) target. Using alternative fuels such as ammonia, methanol and biofuel is the most effective way to achieve the IMO target. Additional crucial targets include further improving the thermal efficiency of marine diesel engines and developing onboard carbon capture, utilization, and storage (OCCUS) technology are also crucial contributions to the decarbonization of the maritime sector.

Most alternative fuel options have different physicochemical characteristics compared to fuel oil, which has the potential to impact the engine performance and lead to other pollutant emissions that are not properly addressed by the current fuel oil-fueled marine engine and post-treatment systems. For example, the use of ammonia will lead to unburned ammonia emissions and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with high GHG effects, while the use of methanol fuel will result in unregulated harmful emissions like formaldehyde (HCHO). As a result, co-optimization of fuel, engine, and aftertreatment is important for next-generation green marine propulsion systems. This Special Issue primarily focuses on the use of alternative fuels, improvement of marine engines and development of relevant after-treatment systems, as well as their co-optimization. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • The use of alternative fuels in marine engine;
  • Improvements of marine diesel engine;
  • Novel combustion theory, concept and technology for marine engine;
  • Optical diagnostics, engine test, and high-fidelity numerical simulations;
  • After-treatment system;
  • Onboard carbon capture, utilization and storage (OCCUS);
  • Marine hybrids power systems;
  • Lifecycle techno-economic analysis and emissions analysis.

Prof. Dr. Tie Li
Dr. Xinyi Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine engine
  • IMO net-zero target
  • alternative fuels
  • ammonia
  • methanol
  • bio-fuel
  • combustion
  • pollutant emissions
  • aftertreatment
  • onboard carbon capture, utilization and storage

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 17131 KiB  
Article
Power Generation Optimization for Next-Generation Cruise Ships with MVDC Architecture: A Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Approach
by Chalermkiat Nuchturee, Tie Li and Xinyi Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081315 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 831
Abstract
The cruise industry is obliged by economic and environmental initiatives to pursue fuel-efficient solutions and lower ship exhaust emissions. The medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution with intelligent power management has become a concept for next-generation onboard power systems as its energy-saving feature is [...] Read more.
The cruise industry is obliged by economic and environmental initiatives to pursue fuel-efficient solutions and lower ship exhaust emissions. The medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution with intelligent power management has become a concept for next-generation onboard power systems as its energy-saving feature is to eliminate the frequency constraint and simultaneously optimize engine loads and speed in response to load variations. The incentive for this transition lies on one hand in the fuel efficiency consideration and the reduction of power losses from serial conversion stages. On the other hand, the DC-based technology has been conceived as high-power density design, thus significantly increasing the payload. This study investigates such potential benefits focusing exclusively on large cruise vessels. A highly representative model of the integrated power platform that incorporates all dynamic interactions from the ship hull and essential machinery typically installed on board cruise ships is proposed. The power management strategy also takes account of actual sea conditions and real-time operation requirements. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimization-based MVDC system is able to maximize the opportunity of search agents in finding optimum fuel efficiency areas throughout the scenario time. An analysis of the system structure weight and space reduction of the MVDC architecture is also performed through the utilization of more compact electrical distribution devices and very high power-dense combustion turbines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimization of Fuel, Engine and After-Treatment towards the IMO 2050 Target)
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24 pages, 2402 KiB  
Article
Decarbonizing Maritime Transport through Green Fuel-Powered Vessel Retrofitting: A Game-Theoretic Approach
by Chengji Liang, Weiwei Sun, Jian Shi, Kailai Wang, Yue Zhang and Gino Lim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1174; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071174 - 13 Jul 2024
Viewed by 823
Abstract
Addressing the urgent global challenge of man-made greenhouse gas emissions and climate change necessitates collaborative action between shipping lines and government regulatory agencies. Aligning with the International Maritime Organization’s emissions reduction strategy, this paper presents a novel bi-level programming model that unifies these [...] Read more.
Addressing the urgent global challenge of man-made greenhouse gas emissions and climate change necessitates collaborative action between shipping lines and government regulatory agencies. Aligning with the International Maritime Organization’s emissions reduction strategy, this paper presents a novel bi-level programming model that unifies these stakeholders. On the upper level of the proposed bi-level model, a number of shipping lines optimize retrofitting plans for their vessels to maximize economic benefits. On the lower level, the regulatory agency responds to the carbon reduction efforts by setting retrofitting subsidies and emission penalty rates. This framework represents a multi-leader–single-follower game involving shipping lines and the regulatory agency, and its equilibrium is determined through an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). The EPEC comprises multiple single-leader–follower problems, each of which can be formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). The diagonalization algorithm (DM) is employed for its solution. Simulation studies performed based on a ten-year planning period show that the proposed approach can effectively promote vessel retrofitting and the use of green fuels, which leads to an annual emission reduction of over 50%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimization of Fuel, Engine and After-Treatment towards the IMO 2050 Target)
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33 pages, 9069 KiB  
Article
Integrated 1D Simulation of Aftertreatment System and Chemistry-Based Multizone RCCI Combustion for Optimal Performance with Methane Oxidation Catalyst
by Alireza Kakoee, Jacek Hunicz and Maciej Mikulski
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(4), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040594 - 29 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1062
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design of a methane oxidation catalyst aftertreatment system specifically tailored for the Wärtsilä W31DF natural gas engine which has been converted to a reactivity-controlled compression ignition NG/Diesel engine. A GT-Power model was coupled with a [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design of a methane oxidation catalyst aftertreatment system specifically tailored for the Wärtsilä W31DF natural gas engine which has been converted to a reactivity-controlled compression ignition NG/Diesel engine. A GT-Power model was coupled with a predictive physical base chemical kinetic multizone model (MZM) as a combustion object. In this MZM simulation, a set of 54 species and 269 reactions as chemical kinetic mechanism were used for modelling combustion and emissions. Aftertreatment simulations were conducted using a 1D air-path model in the same GT-Power model, integrated with a chemical kinetic model featuring 15 catalytic reactions, based on activation energy and species concentrations from combustion outputs. The latter offered detailed exhaust composition and exhaust thermodynamic data under specific operating conditions, effectively capturing the intricate interactions between the investigated aftertreatment system, combustion, and exhaust composition. Special emphasis was placed on the formation of intermediate hydrocarbons such as C2H4 and C2H6, despite their concentrations being lower than that of CH4. The analysis of catalytic conversion focused on key species, including H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, examining their interactions. After consideration of thermal management and pressure drop, a practical choice of a 400 mm long catalyst with a density of 10 cells per cm2 was selected. Investigations of this catalyst’s specification revealed complete CO conversion and a minimum of 89% hydrocarbon conversion efficiency. Integrating the exhaust aftertreatment system into the air path resulted in a reduction in engine-indicated efficiency by up to 2.65% but did not affect in-cylinder combustion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimization of Fuel, Engine and After-Treatment towards the IMO 2050 Target)
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