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Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action
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Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 23453

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Antonini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: wave-structure interaction; coastal and offshore structures; extreme events analysis; probabilistic design; CFD; physical modelling; wave mechanics; structural dynamics; wave energy
Dr. Bas Hofland

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: coastal structures like breakwaters (e.g. rubble mound, caissons, and floating); revetments; flood barriers; bed protections
Dr. Pedro Lomonaco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, 3550 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: physical and numerical modelling of wave generation and propagation; wave-structure interaction; stability of coastal and submarine structures; behaviour of floating structures; hydrodynamics; non-linear behaviour of long-waves in shallow waters

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The earth is experiencing climate change and as a result it is likely that the frequency and intensity of extreme waves will increase. This requires the design of new reliable and economically viable marine structures, as well as the assessment of the existing ones. Marine structures, in the broadest sense (i.e. coastal, offshore and renewable marine energy), are mainly designed to withstand wave action. However, common design approaches are based on a static assumption that might lead to a misleading estimation of the design stresses, especially when considering rigid (concrete, steel, or masonry) structures. It is, indeed, of great importance to properly assess the dynamic response of these structures exposed to the breaking and non-breaking wave action. Based on the findings of two recent ongoing research projects, the UK based STORMLAMP and the Dutch DynaHicS, as well as the ongoing research activities on the hydro-RTHS (hydrodynamic real-time simulation) carried out in the framework of the US NHERI Program (Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure), we identified the importance of disseminating the most update scientific knowledge about this topic that fuses two fascinating engineering sectors, hydraulics and structural engineering.

In accordance, this Special Issue aims to disseminate research articles, review articles and case studies on topics including:

  • Dynamic response of marine structures under wave loadings;
  • Dynamic characterization of marine structures;
  • Characterization of dynamic loads on rigid structures;
  • Characterization of the impulsive wave loadings;
  • Hydro-elastic numerical and physical modelling of marine structures;
  • Best practice on dynamic based structural health monitoring of marine structures.
  • Recent development in the aereo/hydro RTHS techniques for deformable floating structures modelling

Dr. Alessandro Antonini
Dr. Bas Hofland
Dr. Pedro Lomonaco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Coastal structures
  • Offshore structures
  • Structural dynamics
  • Hydro-elastic numerical modelling
  • Hydro-elastic physical modelling
  • Aereo/hydro RTHS modelling
  • Marine structure monitoring
  • Wave loadings

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4891 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Spatial Pressure Distribution of Breaking Wave Loading on the Dynamic Response of Wolf Rock Lighthouse
by Darshana T. Dassanayake, Alessandro Antonini, Athanasios Pappas, Alison Raby, James Mark William Brownjohn and Dina D’Ayala
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010055 - 6 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3842
Abstract
The survivability analysis of offshore rock lighthouses requires several assumptions of the pressure distribution due to the breaking wave loading (Raby et al. (2019), Antonini et al. (2019). Due to the peculiar bathymetries and topographies of rock pinnacles, there is no dedicated formula [...] Read more.
The survivability analysis of offshore rock lighthouses requires several assumptions of the pressure distribution due to the breaking wave loading (Raby et al. (2019), Antonini et al. (2019). Due to the peculiar bathymetries and topographies of rock pinnacles, there is no dedicated formula to properly quantify the loads induced by the breaking waves on offshore rock lighthouses. Wienke’s formula (Wienke and Oumeraci (2005) was used in this study to estimate the loads, even though it was not derived for breaking waves on offshore rock lighthouses, but rather for the breaking wave loading on offshore monopiles. However, a thorough sensitivity analysis of the effects of the assumed pressure distribution has never been performed. In this paper, by means of the Wolf Rock lighthouse distinct element model, we quantified the influence of the pressure distributions on the dynamic response of the lighthouse structure. Different pressure distributions were tested, while keeping the initial wave impact area and pressure integrated force unchanged, in order to quantify the effect of different pressure distribution patterns. The pressure distributions considered in this paper showed subtle differences in the overall dynamic structure responses; however, pressure distribution #3, based on published experimental data such as Tanimoto et al. (1986) and Zhou et al. (1991) gave the largest displacements. This scenario has a triangular pressure distribution with a peak at the centroid of the impact area, which then linearly decreases to zero at the top and bottom boundaries of the impact area. The azimuthal horizontal distribution was adopted from Wienke and Oumeraci’s work (2005). The main findings of this study will be of interest not only for the assessment of rock lighthouses but also for all the cylindrical structures built on rock pinnacles or rocky coastlines (with steep foreshore slopes) and exposed to harsh breaking wave loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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17 pages, 2316 KiB  
Article
Crownwall Failure Analysis through Finite Element Method
by Dimitrios Dermentzoglou, Myrta Castellino, Paolo De Girolamo, Maziar Partovi, Gerd-Jan Schreppers and Alessandro Antonini
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010035 - 31 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4614
Abstract
Several failures of recurved concrete crownwalls have been observed in recent years. This work aims to get a better insight within the processes underlying the loading phase of these structures due to non-breaking wave impulsive loading conditions and to identify the dominant failure [...] Read more.
Several failures of recurved concrete crownwalls have been observed in recent years. This work aims to get a better insight within the processes underlying the loading phase of these structures due to non-breaking wave impulsive loading conditions and to identify the dominant failure modes. The investigation is carried out through an offline one-way coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) generated wave pressure time series and a time-varying structural Finite Element Analysis. The recent failure of the Civitavecchia (Italy) recurved parapet is adopted as an explanatory case study. Modal analysis aimed to identify the main modal parameters such as natural frequencies, modal masses and modal shapes is firstly performed to comprehensively describe the dynamic response of the investigated structure. Following, the CFD generated pressure field time-series is applied to linear and non-linear finite element model, the developed maximum stresses and the development of cracks are properly captured in both models. Three non-linear analyses are performed in order to investigate the performance of the crownwall concrete class. Starting with higher quality concrete class, it is decreased until the formation of cracks is reached under the action of the same regular wave condition. It is indeed shown that the concrete quality plays a dominant role for the survivability of the structure, even allowing the design of a recurved concrete parapet without reinforcing steel bars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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31 pages, 5944 KiB  
Article
Applicability of the Goda–Takahashi Wave Load Formula for Vertical Slender Hydraulic Structures
by Nadieh Elisabeth Meinen, Raphaël Daniël Johannes Maria Steenbergen, Bas Hofland and Sebastiaan Nicolaas Jonkman
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(11), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110868 - 31 Oct 2020
Viewed by 6007
Abstract
Vertical slender hydraulic structures such as sluices, navigation locks, or storm-surge barriers are often dynamically loaded by waves. For a safe and economic design, an accurate description of the wave loads is needed. A widely used formula for this purpose is the Goda–Takahashi [...] Read more.
Vertical slender hydraulic structures such as sluices, navigation locks, or storm-surge barriers are often dynamically loaded by waves. For a safe and economic design, an accurate description of the wave loads is needed. A widely used formula for this purpose is the Goda–Takahashi wave load formula (GT). It was derived for the assessment of gravity-based caisson breakwaters. Due to its many advantages, the formula is also often employed for the assessment of vertical slender hydraulic structures, although its applicability to those type of structures was never fully demonstrated. This study provides insights in the applicability of GT for vertical slender hydraulic structures. This is done based on a literature review on the historical backgrounds of GT, and an investigation of several case-studies. In the case-studies, the equivalent-static wave loads for caisson breakwaters in scope of GT are compared with those for vertical slender hydraulic structures. The results show that GT can safely be applied for vertical slender hydraulic structures loaded by pulsating wave loads, but that systematic over- or under-estimations are expected for breaking or impact wave loads. For individual cases, differences up to 200% were obtained. These large over- or under-estimations underline the need for an improvement of the current design tools for vertical slender hydraulic structures loaded by breaking or impact wave loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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20 pages, 28914 KiB  
Article
Experimental Observations on Impact Velocity and Entrapped Air for Standing Wave Impacts on Vertical Hydraulic Structures with Overhangs
by Ermano de Almeida and Bas Hofland
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(11), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110857 - 30 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2202
Abstract
This study focusses on increasing the understanding on vertical hydraulic structures with relatively short overhangs subjected to standing wave impacts. To this end, the impact velocity and the entrapped air are studied in detail, given their influence on the impulsive loading characteristics and [...] Read more.
This study focusses on increasing the understanding on vertical hydraulic structures with relatively short overhangs subjected to standing wave impacts. To this end, the impact velocity and the entrapped air are studied in detail, given their influence on the impulsive loading characteristics and consequently on the structural dynamic response. This study is based on regular wave laboratory experimental data obtained for relatively short overhangs with respect to the wave length and with respect to the overhang height. The laboratory tests illustrate the complex wave hydrodynamics before the wave impacts, influenced by the incident wave conditions and structural characteristics. Regarding the impact velocity, the experimental measurements with a wall wave gauge in the tests without overhangs show that the maximum upward velocities deviate from linear wave theory between +5.5% and +13.0%, while the zero-crossing upward velocities deviate from linear wave theory between +1.9% and +7.0%. The zero-crossing upward velocities estimated from third order wave theory deviate from the linear wave theory between +1.8% and +4.7%. In the tests with overhangs, the maximum upward velocity below the overhang estimated by camera recording measurements deviates from linear wave theory between −11.8% and +13.4%. It was also found that when considering the experimental impact velocity from camera recordings in the tests with overhangs, the mean effective bounce-back factor β deviates relatively little from when linear wave theory is used (≈1%), while the uncertainty described by the standard deviation increases significantly (≈35%). Regarding the entrapped air, it is shown that the interaction between incident wave parameters and structural configurations leads to a large variation in the entrapped air area, up to a factor of 5.7 for shorter overhangs and a factor of 9.5 for longer overhangs. This variability in entrapped air characteristics leads to significant effects on the loading on the structure, as observed by the variability on pressure measurements. The experimental results showed increasing impact durations and increasing effective bounce-back factor β in the tests with increasing entrapped air dimensions. This study highlights the importance of the details of the impact velocity and entrapped air for load estimations during the design of vertical hydraulic structures exposed to standing wave impacts. This is particularly important for thin structures such as steel gates which are susceptible to a dynamic behaviour under such impulsive loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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15 pages, 4788 KiB  
Article
SPH-FE-Based Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Characteristics of Structure under Water Waves
by Yilin Yang and Jinzhao Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(9), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090630 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2521
Abstract
Offshore structures are prone to produce a dynamic response under the effect of large wave load. In this paper, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite element (SPH-FE) method is used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of structure induced by the water waves. [...] Read more.
Offshore structures are prone to produce a dynamic response under the effect of large wave load. In this paper, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite element (SPH-FE) method is used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of structure induced by the water waves. The dam break model is assumed to generate water wave. Firstly, the parameter of particle spacing included in the SPH method is examined and the appropriate value is proposed. Subsequently, the present numerical model is validated by comparing with the available results from the literature. Furthermore, the influence of several parameters on the wave load of the structure and the induced dynamic characteristics is studied, including the water column height, the distance between the water column and structure, and the structure stiffness. The results show that the amplification of the wave load on the bottom of structure is greater than that on the upper part of the structure. The increase of structure stiffness results in a decrease in the displacement at the top of structure, but an increase in the hydrodynamic force at the bottom of structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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16 pages, 4631 KiB  
Article
Image-Based Measurement of Wave Interactions with Rubble Mound Breakwaters
by Steven Douglas, Andrew Cornett and Ioan Nistor
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(6), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060472 - 26 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of imaging devices to perform quantitative measurements has seen wide-scale adoption and has become integral to the emerging fields of research, such as computer vision and artificial intelligence. Recent studies, published across a wide variety of fields, [...] Read more.
Over the past decade, the use of imaging devices to perform quantitative measurements has seen wide-scale adoption and has become integral to the emerging fields of research, such as computer vision and artificial intelligence. Recent studies, published across a wide variety of fields, have demonstrated a vast number of ways through which image-based measurement systems can be used in their respective fields. A growing number of studies have demonstrated applications in coastal and ocean research. Edge detection methods have been used to measure water surface and bedform elevation from recorded video taken during wave flume experiments. The turbulent mixing of air and water, induced by the breaking waves and the runup processes, poses a particular problem for the edge-detection methods, since they rely on a sharp contrast between air and water. In this paper, an alternative method for tracking water surface, based on color segmentation, is presented. A set of experiments were conducted whereby the proposed method was used to detect water surface profiles for various types of breaking waves interacting with a rubble mound breakwater. The results were further processed to compute the surface velocity during runup. The time-history of surface velocity is shown to closely parallel the point measurements taken nearby the instrumented armor unit. These velocities can potentially serve as boundary conditions for determining the dynamic loads exerted on the armour units. Further, the image processing results are used to remove the time-varying buoyant force from the measured force acting on an individual armour unit, providing additional insight into how the forces develop over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Marine Structures under Wave Action)
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