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Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress
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Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Ecological Interactions of Fungi".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 7979

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Interests: physiological and molecular mechanisms in mycorrhizal plant under stresses; migration and transformation of heavy metal(loid) among soil-microorganisms-plant system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Songlin Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: rhizosphere/microbial driven biogeochemistry in the soil and sediment system, especially those mine impacted area, degraded land and/or contaminated soils; metal(loid) (e.g., cadmium, chromium, arsenic, lead, etc.) biogeochemistry in plant-microbial-soil ecosystem; plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In natural environments, plant roots are usually associated with various soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi are ubiquitous soil fungi that form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. The growth and functions of AM fungi depend on carbohydrates supplied by the plants; in return, the fungi assist the plants to acquire mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) from soil. In addition, the beneficial effects of AM symbiosis have also been reported to improve plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity and soil pollution. Recent studies showed that plants grew better in poor or contaminated soils when roots were colonized by AM fungi. Obviously, for potential use of AM fungi in alleviation of stress and remediation of poor or contaminated soils, it is important to uncover the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of metabolism and detoxification in mycorrhizal symbiont under stress. This Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi will present originally research progress on the topic of “Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal under Stress”, expecting to promote the process of development in the tolerance mechanisms of AM symbiont under stress.

Dr. Xin Zhang
Dr. Songlin Wu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  • heavy metal
  • draught
  • salinity

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1123 KiB  
Article
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alter Arsenic Translocation Characteristics of Iris tectorum Maxim.
by Shuping Xing, Kangxu Zhang, Zhipeng Hao, Xin Zhang and Baodong Chen
J. Fungi 2023, 9(10), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9100998 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1304
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in wetlands, mainly as As(III) and As(V), has threatened wetland plant growth. It has been well documented that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alleviate As stress in terrestrial plants. However, whether AM fungi can protect natural wetland plants from As [...] Read more.
Arsenic (As) pollution in wetlands, mainly as As(III) and As(V), has threatened wetland plant growth. It has been well documented that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alleviate As stress in terrestrial plants. However, whether AM fungi can protect natural wetland plants from As stress remains largely unknown. Therefore, three hydroponic experiments were conducted in which Iris tectorum Maxim. (I. tectorum) plants were exposed to As(III) or As(V) stresses, to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on As uptake, efflux, and accumulation. The results suggested that short-term kinetics of As influx in I. tectorum followed the Michaelis–Menten function. Mycorrhizal inoculation decreased the maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of plants for As(III) influx, while yielding no significant difference in As(V) influx. Generally, mycorrhizal plants released more As into environments after 72 h efflux, especially under As(V) exposure. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants exhibited potential higher As accumulation capacity, probably due to more active As reduction, which was one of the mechanisms through which AM fungi mitigate As phytotoxicity. Our study has revealed the role of aerobic microorganism AM fungi in regulating As translocation in wetland plants and supports the involvement of AM fungi in alleviating plant As stress in anaerobic wetlands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress)
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14 pages, 3525 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Mycorrhizal Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Rhizosphere Soils in the Figuig Oasis (Southeastern Morocco)
by Elmostafa Gagou, Khadija Chakroune, Mahmoud Abbas, Touria Lamkami and Abdelkader Hakkou
J. Fungi 2023, 9(9), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090931 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
Date palm, an important crop in Morocco and many other arid regions around the world, faces significant challenges from wind, water shortages, and salinization, which contribute to vegetation loss and soil degradation in the harsh environmental conditions of oasis ecosystems with low soil [...] Read more.
Date palm, an important crop in Morocco and many other arid regions around the world, faces significant challenges from wind, water shortages, and salinization, which contribute to vegetation loss and soil degradation in the harsh environmental conditions of oasis ecosystems with low soil fertility. Protecting and regenerating these degraded lands is crucial for sustainable agriculture and improving the dryland ecosystem. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) comprise a vital element in this dynamic within the microflora of the soil rhizosphere. This study evaluated the potential in mycorrhizal soil and identified AMF in date palm rhizospheres in eight locations within the Figuig oasis (southeastern Morocco). This study found that Extension and Zenaga had more mycorrhizal propagules than other locations. Replanted maize (Zea mays L.) in these soils exhibited higher mycorrhization rates (91–93%) compared to that in other locations, with the Lamaiz site registering the lowest rate (39%). The phosphorus content was negatively correlated with the AMF spore frequency, intensity, and density, while a positive correlation was detected between the soil pH and the AMF spore frequency and density. The morphological identification of spores revealed Glomus as the predominant species, along with Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. This study represents an initial step toward the potential application of these fungi in environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in arid regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress)
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16 pages, 1332 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Reduction of Arsenic Uptake and Alleviation of Leaf Arsenic Toxicity in Maize (Zea mays L.) by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Exogenous Iron through Antioxidant Activity
by Hong-Yin Zhou, Fu-Zhao Nian, Bao-Dong Chen, Yong-Guan Zhu, Xian-Rong Yue, Nai-Ming Zhang and Yun-Sheng Xia
J. Fungi 2023, 9(6), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060677 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals, and iron (Fe) compounds can reduce the bioavailability of arsenic (As) in soil, thereby alleviating As toxicity. However, there have been limited studies of the synergistic antioxidant mechanisms of [...] Read more.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals, and iron (Fe) compounds can reduce the bioavailability of arsenic (As) in soil, thereby alleviating As toxicity. However, there have been limited studies of the synergistic antioxidant mechanisms of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) and Fe compounds in the alleviation of As toxicity on leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) with low and moderate As contamination. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with different concentrations of As (0, 25, 50 mgꞏkg−1) and Fe (0, 50 mgꞏkg−1) and AMF treatments. Results showed that under low and moderate As concentrations (As25 and As50), the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound significantly increased the biomass of maize stems and roots, phosphorus (P) concentration, and P-to-As uptake ratio. Moreover, the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition significantly reduced the As concentration in stem and root, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf, and soluble protein and non-protein thiol (NPT) contents in leaf of maize under As25 and As50 treatments. In addition, co-inoculation with AMF and Fe compound addition significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize under As25 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that stem biomass and leaf MDA content were very significantly negatively correlated with stem As content, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition can inhibit As uptake and promote P uptake by maize under low and moderate As contamination, thereby mitigating the lipid peroxidation on maize leaves and reducing As toxicity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes under low As contamination. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of AMF and Fe compounds in the restoration of cropland soil contaminated with low and moderate As. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress)
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10 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (aquaporins and SOSs) of Tomato under Salt Stress
by Sheng-Min Liang, Qiu-Shuang Li, Ming-Yang Liu, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Mekhled M. Alenazi, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam and Qiang-Sheng Wu
J. Fungi 2022, 8(12), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8121305 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2764
Abstract
Environmentally friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil can alleviate host damage from abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Paraglomus occultum, on plant growth, [...] Read more.
Environmentally friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil can alleviate host damage from abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Paraglomus occultum, on plant growth, nitrogen balance index, and expressions of salt overly sensitive genes (SOSs), plasma membrane intrinsic protein genes (PIPs), and tonoplast intrinsic protein genes (TIPs) in leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Huapiqiu) seedlings grown in 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress. NaCl stress severely inhibited plant growth, but P. occultum inoculation significantly improved plant growth. NaCl stress also suppressed the chlorophyll index, accompanied by an increase in the flavonoid index, whereas inoculation with AMF significantly promoted the chlorophyll index as well as reduced the flavonoid index under NaCl conditions, thus leading to an increase in the nitrogen balance index in inoculated plants. NaCl stress regulated the expression of SlPIP1 and SlPIP2 genes in leaves, and five SlPIPs genes were up-regulated after P. occultum colonization under NaCl stress, along with the down-regulation of only SlPIP1;2. Both NaCl stress and P. occultum inoculation induced diverse expression patterns in SlTIPs, coupled with a greater number of up-regulated TIPs in inoculated versus uninoculated plants under NaCl stress. NaCl stress up-regulated SlSOS2 expressions of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, while P. occultum significantly up-regulated SlSOS1 expressions by 1.13- and 0.45-fold under non-NaCl and NaCl conditions, respectively. It was concluded that P. occultum inoculation enhanced the salt tolerance of the tomato, associated with the nutrient status and stress-responsive gene (aquaporins and SOS1) expressions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress)
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