Invasive Fungal Infections: The Currently Patterns in Antifungal Resistance and Epidemiology

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 6451

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: medical microbiology; infectious diseases; invasive candidiasis; septicemia; antimicrobial resistance; biomarkers; flow cytometry; microbiological diagnostic; epidemiology; public health
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing incidence of fungal infections in recent years has turned into a global health problem. Fungal infections can range from superficial and cutaneous to subcutaneous and systemic infections with varying degrees of severity. Although Candida spp. is the most isolated yeast from patients’ biological samples, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucorales and other molds can also cause life-threatening invasive infections. In fact, the World Health Organization is developing the first global fungal priority list to define research and development urgencies. Prevention, early symptom recognition, and rapid initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy are real-life challenges. For clinicians, the three main issues of concern regarding antifungal resistance are how commonly it occurs, how easy it is to induce through inappropriate use of antifungal agents, and how often it results in treatment failure. Under stressful conditions such as antifungal exposure, fungi may exploit several cellular responses to increase plasticity to evade treatment and host immune systems. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather more information regarding the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections as well as the most up-to-date information around antifungal tolerance and resistance.

Dr. Sofia Costa de Oliveira
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • invasive infections
  • antifungal resistance
  • antifungal tolerance
  • biofilm
  • molecular mechanisms
  • deep-seated infections
  • opportunistic infections

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1162 KiB  
Review
Candida parapsilosis Virulence and Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Key Determinants
by Joana Branco, Isabel M. Miranda and Acácio G. Rodrigues
J. Fungi 2023, 9(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010080 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5988
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and [...] Read more.
Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. C. parapsilosis infections are particularly prevalent among neonates with low birth weights, individuals who are immunocompromised, and patients who require prolonged use of a central venous catheter or other indwelling devices, whose surfaces C. parapsilosis exhibits an enhanced capacity to adhere to and form biofilms. Despite this well-acknowledged prevalence, the biology of C. parapsilosis has not been as extensively explored as that of Candida albicans. In this paper, we describe the molecular mechanistic pathways of virulence in C. parapsilosis and show how they differ from those of C. albicans. We also describe the mode of action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of Candida infections, namely, polyenes, echinocandins, and azoles, as well as the resistance mechanisms developed by C. parapsilosis to overcome them. Finally, we stress the importance of the ongoing search for species-specific features that may aid the development of effective control strategies and thus reduce the burden on patients and healthcare costs. Full article
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