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Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and...
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Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II

A special issue of Kidney and Dialysis (ISSN 2673-8236).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 12045

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Tesar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1st Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: glomerulonephritis; renal vasculitis; lupus nephritis; renal and renovascular hypertension; kidney amyloidosis; hereditary kidney disease; purification; hemodialysis; dialysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues:

Until recently, nephrology has been unable to keep pace with oncology, cardiology, or rheumatology in the inexhaustible pipeline of new treatment options tested in an ever-increasing number of randomized controlled trials. In recent years, we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the interest in treating chronic kidney disease, e.g., diabetic kidney disease, glomerular disease, or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. This has also been aimed more generally at the progression of chronic kidney disease and the complications of chronic kidney disease, such as anemia or hyperkalemia. This progress has led to changing paradigms, as reflected by several recently published KDIGO guidelines, which now need to be updated much more frequently than before. To personalize treatment, we also need better diagnostic methods, including validated biomarkers reflecting the activity of the disease (including response to treatment) and predicting outcomes.

This new edition of Special Issue in Kidney and Dialysis aims is to cover most of these areas through feature reviews, original articles and keeping the reader updated on the recent progress in nephrology and dialysis.

The topics of this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Biomarkers;
  • The progression of chronic kidney disease;
  • Cardiovascular and renal risk in CKD;
  • COVID-19 and the kidney;
  • Onconephrology;
  • Kidney function;
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD), complications, and nutrition;
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI)/critical care;
  • Diabetic kidney disease;
  • Glomerulonephritis;
  • Cardionephrology;
  • Pregnancy and CKD;
  • Hypertension and nephrology;
  • ADPKD;
  • Renal vasculitis;
  • Lupus nephritis;
  • Renal and renovascular hypertension;
  • Kidney amyloidosis;
  • Hereditary kidney disease;
  • Renal ischemia;
  • Kidney stones;
  • Dialysis, hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD);
  • Long-term outcomes;
  • Renal recovery;
  • Treatment of kidney disease;
  • Dietary management and medication;
  • Renal replacement therapy;
  • Kidney transplantation;
  • New diagnosis methods and technologies for kidney function and disease;
  • Renal imaging;
  • Renal ultrasound.

We hope this topic is engaging and invite you to send a tentative title and short abstract to our editorial office ([email protected]) for evaluation before submission. Please note that selected papers are still subject to a thorough peer review.

We look forward to receiving your excellent work.

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Tesar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Kidney and Dialysis is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetic kidney disease
  • chronic kidney disease
  • anemia
  • biomarker
  • dialysis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
‘Optimal’ vs. ‘Suboptimal’ Haemodialysis Start with Central Venous Catheter—A Better Way to Assess a Vascular Access Service?
by Michael Corr, Agnes Masengu, Damian McGrogan and Jennifer Hanko
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(4), 214-222; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4040018 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 382
Abstract
Background: Whether patients commence haemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used to audit the quality of a vascular access service. However, this crude metric of measurement can miss the increasing nuance and complexity of vascular [...] Read more.
Background: Whether patients commence haemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used to audit the quality of a vascular access service. However, this crude metric of measurement can miss the increasing nuance and complexity of vascular access planning. We aimed to understand whether commencing haemodialysis with a CVC represented an ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ outcome and how this could influence the assessment of a vascular access service. Methods: From a prospective clinical database, patients known to nephrology >90 days prior to initiating haemodialysis as first-ever renal replacement therapy (2011–2020) from a single centre were included. Results: A total of 158/254 patients started haemodialysis with a CVC, and 96 with arteriovenous fistula. For 91 patients, the CVC was deemed ‘optimal’ care due to factors such as unpredictable deterioration in renal function (n = 41) and inadequate veins for AVF creation (n = 24). For 67 patients, the CVC was ‘suboptimal’ due to factors such as no/late referral to access assessment (n = 25) and delays in the AVF creation pathway (n = 13). There was no difference in mean survival between the AVF and ‘suboptimal’ groups (2.53 vs. 2.21 years, p = 0.31). There was a survival difference between AVF versus CVC (2.53 vs. 1.97 years, p = 0.002) and ‘suboptimal’ versus ‘optimal’ CVC cohorts (2.21 vs. 1.40 years, p = 0.16). Conclusions: Understanding whether a CVC is ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ allows a more nuanced analysis of service provision. High mortality in the ‘optimal’ group suggests a frailer cohort where CVC is potentially the best care. Studying ‘suboptimal’ CVC starts helps identify practice and system issues preventing ‘optimal’ care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
12 pages, 781 KiB  
Article
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Historical Cohort
by Ilaria Godi, Paolo Feltracco, Giulia Lorenzoni, Alessio Antonelli, Renato Salvador, Dario Gregori, Ivo Tiberio and Michele Valmasoni
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(2), 93-104; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4020007 - 3 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1193
Abstract
Background: Limited data exist on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who have undergone esophageal cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of postoperative acute kidney after esophagectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: Limited data exist on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who have undergone esophageal cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of postoperative acute kidney after esophagectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted in a tertiary specialized cancer center in Italy. All patients undergoing elective esophageal cancer surgery between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria (both serum creatinine and urine output), within 48 h after surgery. Preoperative and intraoperative data were registered. We also collected data concerning progression of AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, mortality, and medical (pulmonary, cardiovascular, septic) and surgical complications within 30 days from surgery, as well as length of hospital stay. Results: Incidence of postoperative AKI was 32%. The independent risk factors were body mass index and the use of an invasive surgical approach. Persistent AKI accounted for 15% of the cases and it was associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events (odds ratio 4.14, 95% CI 1.05–15.8, p-value 0.036), pulmonary complications (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.04–14.9, p-value 0.050), and increased length of hospital stay (AME 7.2, 0.5–13.9, p-value 0.035). Conclusions: Postoperative AKI is common after esophageal cancer surgery. BMI and a totally invasive surgical approach are independent risk factors. Persistent AKI lasting more than 48 h increased the risk for any cardiovascular or pulmonary complications, with prolonged length of hospital stay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
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Review

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19 pages, 572 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Cardiorenal Benefits of SGLT2i: A Comprehensive Review
by Angelica Cersosimo, Andrea Drera, Marianna Adamo, Marco Metra and Enrico Vizzardi
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(4), 184-202; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4040016 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 441
Abstract
The history of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is so long and started in 1835 when Petersen extracted a compound called phlorizin from apple tree bark. About fifty years later, von Mering discovered its glucosuric properties. In the 1980s, it was discovered that [...] Read more.
The history of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is so long and started in 1835 when Petersen extracted a compound called phlorizin from apple tree bark. About fifty years later, von Mering discovered its glucosuric properties. In the 1980s, it was discovered that the glucosuria resulted from inhibition by phlorizin of glucose reabsorption by the renal tubules, which lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Nowadays, beyond their glucose-lowering effects, growing evidence suggests significant cardiorenal benefits associated with SGLT2i therapy. Indeed, several clinical trials, including landmark studies such as EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS Program, and DECLARE-TIMI 58, have demonstrated robust reductions in cardiovascular events, particularly heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality, among patients treated with SGLT2i. However, subsequent trials showed that SGLT2i benefits extend beyond the diabetic population, encompassing individuals with and without diabetes. Additionally, SGLT2i exhibit nephroprotective effects, manifesting as a slowing of the progression of chronic kidney disease and a reduction in the risk of end-stage kidney disease. The mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2i are multifactorial and include improvements in glycemic control, reduction in arterial stiffness, modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduction of intraglomerular pression and promotion of natriuresis and diuresis through inhibition of SGLT2 in the luminal brush border of the first segments of the proximal kidney tubule. This narrative review aims to explore the cardiorenal outcomes of SGLT2i, encompassing their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence, safety profile, and implications for clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
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18 pages, 3974 KiB  
Review
The Two Levels of Podocyte Dysfunctions Induced by Apolipoprotein L1 Risk Variants
by Etienne Pays
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(2), 126-143; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4020010 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1724
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) nephropathy results from several podocyte dysfunctions involving morphological and motility changes, mitochondrial perturbations, inflammatory stress, and alterations in cation channel activity. I propose that this phenotype results from increased hydrophobicity of the APOL1 risk variants, which induces two distinct types [...] Read more.
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) nephropathy results from several podocyte dysfunctions involving morphological and motility changes, mitochondrial perturbations, inflammatory stress, and alterations in cation channel activity. I propose that this phenotype results from increased hydrophobicity of the APOL1 risk variants, which induces two distinct types of podocyte dysfunctions. On one hand, increased hydrophobic interactions with APOL3 cause intracellular variant isoforms to impair both APOL3 control of Golgi PI(4)P kinase-B (PI4KB) activity and APOL3 control of mitochondrial membrane fusion, triggering actomyosin reorganisation together with mitophagy and apoptosis inhibition (hit 1). On the other hand, increased hydrophobic interactions with the podocyte plasma membrane may cause the extracellular variant isoforms to activate toxic Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux by the TRPC6 and BK channels, respectively (hit 2), presumably due to APOL1-mediated cholesterol clustering in microdomains. I propose that hit 2 depends on low HDL-C/high extracellular APOL1 ratio, such as occurs in cell culture in vitro, or during type I-interferon (IFN-I)-mediated inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
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10 pages, 245 KiB  
Review
One-Size-Does-Not-Fit-All: The Case of Incremental Hemodialysis
by Francesco Gaetano Casino and Carlo Basile
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(1), 27-36; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4010003 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2471
Abstract
Conventional hemodialysis (HD) (a 4 h session three times a week) is not appropriate for everyone and is excessive in the presence of substantial residual kidney function (RKF). However, it can be safely replaced by a softer incremental approach guided by the urea [...] Read more.
Conventional hemodialysis (HD) (a 4 h session three times a week) is not appropriate for everyone and is excessive in the presence of substantial residual kidney function (RKF). However, it can be safely replaced by a softer incremental approach guided by the urea kinetic model (UKM), starting with one or two sessions a week. Observational data suggest that RKF may be lost less quickly if dialysis is initiated less frequently than 3 times a week. Incremental HD means that, in the presence of substantial RKF, kidney replacement therapy can begin with low doses and/or frequencies, which, however, must be adequately increased to compensate for any subsequent losses of RKF, keeping the total clearance level (kidney + dialysis) always above the minimum levels of adequacy. In HD, there are complexities in combining the dialysis dose with RKF, but tools have been developed to facilitate this issue. The literature findings lend support to the safety of incremental HD and highlight the potential for this method to be implemented as a new standard of care in dialysis patients with substantial RKF. Ongoing and future trials will likely generate further evidence of the clinical and healthcare benefits of incremental HD in routine practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
12 pages, 1069 KiB  
Review
Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis: Current State and Future Directions
by Braden Vogt and Ankur D. Shah
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(1), 15-26; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4010002 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3650
Abstract
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is defined as peritoneal dialysis initiated within 14 days of catheter insertion. In this review, the authors describe the most recent data on USPD, including outcomes, complications, barriers to implementation, and areas for future research. Outcomes appear similar between [...] Read more.
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is defined as peritoneal dialysis initiated within 14 days of catheter insertion. In this review, the authors describe the most recent data on USPD, including outcomes, complications, barriers to implementation, and areas for future research. Outcomes appear similar between catheter insertion techniques, so patient factors and institutional workflow should guide practice. Mechanical complications may occur at a higher rate in USPD, but it does not impact technique survival or mortality. Infectious complications appear unchanged in USPD, and there may be fewer complications compared to urgent-start hemodialysis. Barriers to implementation are multifactorial, including physician and staff unfamiliarity and lack of institutional support. A significant limitation within the field includes lack of uniform terminology and definitions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
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Other

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8 pages, 475 KiB  
Brief Report
Outbreak of Ralstonia spp. and Burkholderia spp. Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Hemodialysis Unit
by Mauro Valente, Francesca Orecchioni, Fabiana Brigante, Maria Ilaria Moretti, Roberta Mariani, Marcello Mario D’Errico, Marco Moretti, Marcello Tavio, Maria Soledad Ferreiro Cotorruelo, Massimo Marchi, Emanuele Moglie and Andrea Ranghino
Kidney Dial. 2024, 4(3), 144-151; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4030011 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1192
Abstract
The Ralstonia species (RB) and Burkholderia species (BB) are bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections in frail patients such as hemodialyzed (HD) patients. Here, we report how we managed an outbreak caused by RB and BB that occurred in a [...] Read more.
The Ralstonia species (RB) and Burkholderia species (BB) are bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections in frail patients such as hemodialyzed (HD) patients. Here, we report how we managed an outbreak caused by RB and BB that occurred in a dialysis unit. From the 7th to the 16th of April 2021, an infection due to RB and BB occurred in 7 out of 39 (17.9%) HD patients with central venous catheter (CVC). Disinfectants, CVC-lock therapy solutions, water by reverse osmosis unit (ROW) and dialysis concentrates were cultured, including the biofilm from the loading plastic tubes (LPTs) that connect the hemodialysis consoles (HCs) to the ROW delivery line. The antibiotic treatment was successful for all patients. RB and BB were isolated in the biofilm of 11/37 LPTs. Three out of 11 positive LPTs were associated with the infected patients. The ROW delivery line was modified to provide a whole disinfection with the HCs connected, avoiding the risk of new contamination of the LPTs. A filtration module of 0.01 mm was added prior to the ROW delivery line. Our experience suggests that outbreaks sustained by unusual bacteria such as RB and BB should be promptly investigated to treat the infected patients with the appropriate therapy and to identify the possible source of infection, making the needful changes to achieve a safer dialysis unit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II)
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