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Lubricants
Special Issues
Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery
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Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 17928

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Katia Lucchesi Cavalca

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Guest Editor
Department of Integrated Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
Interests: rotating machinery and fault detection
Dr. Tiago Henrique Machado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrated Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
Interests: condition monitoring and rotating machinery
Dr. Gregory Bregion Daniel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrated Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
Interests: bearing modelling and rotating machinery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main focus of this Special Issue is tribology problems in diagnosis and prognosis in rotating machinery. Fault modelling, detection and identification are crucial topics in this regard. Fault classification and severity analysis in terms of lubricated contacts must be developed regarding signal processing, machine learning and statistical procedures. 

Prof. Dr. Katia Lucchesi Cavalca
Dr. Tiago Henrique Machado
Dr. Gregory Bregion Daniel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrodynamic bearings
  • rolling bearings
  • foil bearing
  • bearing modelling
  • bearing power losses
  • friction reduction
  • bearing failure analysis
  • fault diagnosis
  • condition monitoring
  • rotating machinery

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3237 KiB  
Article
A Hydraulic Axial Piston Pump Fault Diagnosis Based on Instantaneous Angular Speed under Non-Stationary Conditions
by Jiamin Liu, Shuai Meng, Xintao Zhou and Lichen Gu
Lubricants 2023, 11(9), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090406 - 17 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2496
Abstract
Due to the intense noise interference in hydraulic systems, it is extremely difficult to detect component faults through vibration signals. Diagnostic performance is also constrained by highly time-varying and non-stationary operating conditions. This study proposes to use instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signals that [...] Read more.
Due to the intense noise interference in hydraulic systems, it is extremely difficult to detect component faults through vibration signals. Diagnostic performance is also constrained by highly time-varying and non-stationary operating conditions. This study proposes to use instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signals that are both operational and state parameters as sources of information. Firstly, the instantaneous angular speed fluctuation (IASF) of a piston pump is analyzed theoretically, and it is concluded that its fluctuating components contain the health status information of the components. The IASF can then be obtained by subtracting the speed trend term from IAS signals obtained via a magneto-electric speed sensor. A synchro-extraction of the normal S transform (SNST) is proposed to process it via line-pass filtering. Finally, the filtered and reconstructed IASF signal is utilized to draw a two-dimensional polar coordinate map online. A non-stationary-condition test is carried out on the test platform to monitor the morphological characteristics of the valve plate under normal, slight, and severe wear conditions. The polar plot shows significant increases in speed fluctuations and oscillation times within a range from 180° to 270°. The relevant research results reflect that the IAS signal can provide a new method for monitoring the operating status of and conducting fault diagnoses for hydraulic equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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20 pages, 10741 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Friction and Wear Characteristics of Hydraulic Reciprocating Rotary Seals
by Zongyi Zhang, Dianrong Gao, Tianyuan Guan, Yingna Liang, Jianhua Zhao, Liwen Wang and Jie Tang
Lubricants 2023, 11(9), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090385 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1665
Abstract
Wear is one of the main failure causes of hydraulic seals. Wear will lead to degradation in the mechanical properties and sealing properties of seals. Compared with hydraulic seals with one-way rotational motion, the hydraulic reciprocating rotary seals work in more complex operating [...] Read more.
Wear is one of the main failure causes of hydraulic seals. Wear will lead to degradation in the mechanical properties and sealing properties of seals. Compared with hydraulic seals with one-way rotational motion, the hydraulic reciprocating rotary seals work in more complex operating conditions, so their wear mechanism becomes more complicated. Aimed at exploring the friction and wear law of hydraulic reciprocating rotary seals and the property evolution law during the wear process, this paper set up an experimental system to simulate the working conditions of the hydraulic reciprocating rotary seals. The friction characteristics were obtained under different working pressures and different motion parameters. The wear characteristics were obtained under rated working conditions. The surface morphology was observed by SEM and the wear mechanism was analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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20 pages, 4980 KiB  
Article
Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Reduction of Viscous Friction in Circular and Non-Circular Journal Bearings Using Active Lubrication
by Denis Shutin and Yuri Kazakov
Lubricants 2023, 11(5), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050218 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Reducing friction losses is one of the most common ways to improve fluid film bearings, whose adjustable design provides additional opportunities to improve their dynamic and tribological properties. Previous studies have shown the possibility of reducing viscous friction in actively lubricated bearings by [...] Read more.
Reducing friction losses is one of the most common ways to improve fluid film bearings, whose adjustable design provides additional opportunities to improve their dynamic and tribological properties. Previous studies have shown the possibility of reducing viscous friction in actively lubricated bearings by adjusting the rotor position. This work provides a theoretical justification for the mechanism of this effect for the cases of purely laminar lubricant flows in journal bearings. The operating modes connected with the transition to turbulent phenomena and the occurrence of Taylor vortices are beyond the scope of this paper. Conditions that ensure the minimization of friction losses in hydrodynamic and hybrid bearings with hydrostatic parts are determined based on the equations describing viscous friction in a fluid film. In non-adjustable plain hydrodynamic bearings, the minimum of friction is achieved with the centered shaft position that is actually unstable due to the resulting forces configuration. In actively lubricated hybrid bearings, a further reduction in viscous friction is possible by combining film thickness and pressure distributions. Recombining them, along with adjustment of the shaft position, allows the optimization of the distribution of shear stresses in the fluid film. As a result, the shear stresses caused by the rotation of the shaft can be partially compensated by the stresses caused by the pressure gradient, reducing the torque-resisting rotation. In addition, additional benefits can be obtained in the minimum friction state by the reduced lubricant flow and power losses to its pumping. A series of numerical calculations for elliptical, 3-, and 4-lobe bearings show that non-circular bores provide additional variability in film thickness distribution and a premise for optimizing the bearing tribological parameters. Four-lobe bearing demonstrated the best ability for reducing viscous friction among the considered designs. The results obtained can be used as a basis for further optimization of the geometry of fluid film bearings of both active and passive designs by reducing power losses due to viscous friction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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29 pages, 16259 KiB  
Article
Dynamic of a Flexible Rotor-Bearing System Supported by Worn Tilting Journal Bearings Experiencing Rub-Impact
by Ebrahim Tofighi-Niaki and Mir Saeed Safizadeh
Lubricants 2023, 11(5), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050212 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2420
Abstract
Wear usually occurs in the loaded part of hydrodynamic bearings and leads to bearing geometry imperfections. This paper investigates the effects of wear-induced geometric imperfections of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) on the dynamic behavior of the system. Furthermore, the effect of wear [...] Read more.
Wear usually occurs in the loaded part of hydrodynamic bearings and leads to bearing geometry imperfections. This paper investigates the effects of wear-induced geometric imperfections of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) on the dynamic behavior of the system. Furthermore, the effect of wear on the journal-bearing rub-induced contact pressure severity is investigated. A novel tribo-dynamic model is proposed for a flexible rotor-worn TPJB which integrates a mixed elastohydrodynamic model with a rotor-worn TPJB thermal and dynamic model to assess the effects of the bearing wear progression on rotor-TPJB behavior. Based on the results, wear changes the temperature distribution of the pads and oil film as well as the dynamic behavior of the system. Dynamic simulations reveal a higher vibration level and contact pressure for the worn TPJBs near the system’s critical speed and service speed. Finally, thermal and dynamic condition indicators are suggested to detect TPJB wear severity at its early stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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29 pages, 12092 KiB  
Article
Effects of Wear on Lubrication Performance and Vibration Signatures of Rotor System Supported by Hydrodynamic Bearings
by Yang Chen, Hao Zhang, Xin Li, Sen Xiao, Fengshou Gu and Zhanqun Shi
Lubricants 2023, 11(3), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030107 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2434
Abstract
Wear is one of the most common failures of hydrodynamic bearings. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of wear on lubrication performance and acquire efficient vibration signatures for fault diagnosis. In this paper, a finite element model [...] Read more.
Wear is one of the most common failures of hydrodynamic bearings. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of wear on lubrication performance and acquire efficient vibration signatures for fault diagnosis. In this paper, a finite element model (FEM) for a two-disk rotor supported on worn hydrodynamic bearings is presented in which the oil film force is evaluated by linear and nonlinear models. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing are significantly changed by wear, leading to a drop in system critical speeds due to the deterioration of the constraint status provided by the bearings to the rotor. As the wear depth increases, the onset speed of oil whirl increases, while that of oil whip becomes lower, and large amplitudes of resonance and oil whip are more likely to be excited. More notably, all of the above vibration signatures in the y-direction are more sensitive to wear compared to those in the x-direction, which means that wear faults can be diagnosed by differences in vibration characteristics between the x- and y-directions. This research can provide a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for the hydrodynamic bearing wear fault diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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18 pages, 11434 KiB  
Article
Design and Simulation of a New Near Zero-Wear Non-Contact Self-Impact Seal Based on the Tesla Valve Structure
by Yan Wang, Yiming He, Xuefei Xie, Zhouxin Huang, Hui Xu, Qiong Hu and Chenbo Ma
Lubricants 2023, 11(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030102 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3715
Abstract
This study proposes a new near zero-wear non-contact self-impact seal based on the passive fluid blocking principle and the Tesla valve structure, which is characterised by near zero-wear, a long lifetime, a simple structure and high stability. Research shows that the impact-blocking effect [...] Read more.
This study proposes a new near zero-wear non-contact self-impact seal based on the passive fluid blocking principle and the Tesla valve structure, which is characterised by near zero-wear, a long lifetime, a simple structure and high stability. Research shows that the impact-blocking effect of a three-dimensional leakage channel can realise the stepwise throttling effect of the sealing medium. Furthermore, the pressure, number of seal stages and seal spacing significantly affect leakage. Leakage can be effectively controlled by increasing seal series and reducing seal spacing. The proposed near zero-wear impact seal is more suitable for the gas medium. Compared with the conventional sealing form, the new seal is simplified significantly. Large spacing and fixed design can significantly improve the ability to seal pairs to resist vibration and impact during operation, and the sealing performance is not restricted by the rotation speed. The form of the proposed seal will enable a new non-contact mechanical seal technology and a new structure to be developed, thereby advancing the existing seal field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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28 pages, 5057 KiB  
Article
Effect of Chamfer Form and Parameters on the Characteristics of Finite Length Journal Bearing under Impact Load
by Hazim U. Jamali, Hakim S. Sultan, Oday I. Abdullah, Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi, Luay Hashem Abbud, Alessandro Ruggiero and Zahraa A. Al-Dujaili
Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020073 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
Journal bearings in typical applications are subjected to misalignment due to several causes, such as shaft deformation under load and errors related to the installation and manufacturing processes. Misalignment has well-known severe negative consequences on the performance of the bearings. This paper deals [...] Read more.
Journal bearings in typical applications are subjected to misalignment due to several causes, such as shaft deformation under load and errors related to the installation and manufacturing processes. Misalignment has well-known severe negative consequences on the performance of the bearings. This paper deals with the bearing chamfer to reduce these consequences of misalignment, and two forms of bearing edge modification are considered in the analysis. These forms are linear and curved chamfering of the bearing edges, where the height of the chamfer in the circumferential direction and the length of the modification in the longitudinal direction are considered as geometrical design parameters. The investigation includes a numerical solution of the hydrodynamic lubrication problem of finite length journal bearing, considering 3D misalignment cases using the finite difference method. This includes the assessment of the chamfer forms and their effects on the bearing performance in terms of the main bearing design parameters. Furthermore, the stability of the chamfered bearings is also investigated under impact load. Results showed that both chamfer forms are beneficial for a certain limit of the design parameters in reducing the maximum pressure and coefficient of friction and in elevating the film thickness levels, extending the range of misalignment in which the journal bearing can operate safely. In addition, the chamfered bearings in both forms showed more stability range in terms of the critical speed and shaft center trajectories under impact load. The bearings with the curved chamfer, where the slope is continuous at the start of modification, showed more uniform film thickness levels, and their shaft center trajectories were closer to the perfectly aligned bearing in the stable operating range of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology Problems in Rotating Machinery)
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