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Metals
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Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures
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Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11918

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mingliang Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
Interests: fatigue; fracture mechanism; life prediction; design against fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fatigue is believed to be one of the key factors that cause failure of engineering structures. The research on fatigue has a long history and has evolved gradually since it was first named in 1854 and pioneered by Wöhler in the 1860s. The various types of engineering application (aircrafts, rotating components, bridges, automobiles, trains, etc.), different kinds of fatigue failure (constant/variable/random load fatigue, fretting fatigue, creep fatigue, corrosion fatigue, thermo-mechanical fatigue, etc.), as well as the accompanying complex mechanisms among different materials and structures (steels, alloys, composites, welded joints, etc.), make fatigue a complicated topic but, nevertheless, promote the fatigue design method anyway.

Design against fatigue is a must for safety assurance of most engineering structures and components. The structures have been designed based on infinite lifetime, fail-safe, safe-life and damage tolerance concepts, which have been well represented in various national and international code and standards. Recently, risk management of structures has been required to ensure that probability of failure remains below an acceptable level; in addition, there is a new need to design for long-lasting stability. The core consideration of fatigue design on which the criterion is based has evolved from material strength to structural discontinuities, notches, cracks, and even micro-defects, which are related to metallurgical and manufacturing processes. All of these unpin the necessity of the research on “Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures” for a better understanding of failure mechanisms, material capacity, design methods and manufacturing parameters.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent advances related to fatigue design of steel and composite structures to ensure safety, reliability and long-term stability of engineering components.

Prof. Dr. Mingliang Zhu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fatigue
  • Crack
  • Notch
  • Micro-Defect
  • Steel
  • Composite
  • Design criterion
  • Failure mechanism
  • Welded joint
  • Manufacturing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
Rapid Fatigue Limit Estimation of Metallic Materials Using Thermography-Based Approach
by Zhanqi Liu, Haijiang Wang, Xueting Chen and Wei Wei
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061147 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1424
Abstract
This work attempts to develop a theoretical model in combination with the representative volume element (RVE) theory for realizing rapid fatigue limit prediction. Within the thermodynamic framework, it is believed that two components, namely anelastic and microplastic behaviors, which correspond to recoverable and [...] Read more.
This work attempts to develop a theoretical model in combination with the representative volume element (RVE) theory for realizing rapid fatigue limit prediction. Within the thermodynamic framework, it is believed that two components, namely anelastic and microplastic behaviors, which correspond to recoverable and non-recoverable microstructural motions, contribute to temperature variation during high-cycle fatigue. Based on this, the constitutive equation of the response relationship between the temperature rise evolution and the stress amplitude of metallic materials can be deduced in combination with the heat balance equation. Meanwhile, a determination approach for the thermographic experimental data for accurate fatigue limit estimation is developed by combining it with a statistical method. Finally, the experimental data of metallic specimens and welded joints were utilized to validate the proposed model, and the results demonstrated great agreement between experimental and predicted data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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35 pages, 13907 KiB  
Article
Structural, Microstructural, Elastic, and Microplastic Properties of Aluminum Wires (from AAAC (A50) Cables) after Fatigue Tests
by Aleksandr A. Levin, Maria V. Narykova, Alexey I. Lihachev, Boris K. Kardashev, Andrej G. Kadomtsev, Andrei G. Panfilov, Nikita D. Prasolov, Roman V. Sokolov, Pavel N. Brunkov, Makhsud M. Sultanov, Alexander V. Strizhichenko and Ilia A. Boldyrev
Metals 2023, 13(2), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020298 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
Single Al wires from unused AAAC (A50) cables were studied after laboratory fatigue testing, which simulated processes arising in these wires during their operation in the cables of overhead power lines (OPLs) and are valuable for predicting the lifespan of cables of OPLs. [...] Read more.
Single Al wires from unused AAAC (A50) cables were studied after laboratory fatigue testing, which simulated processes arising in these wires during their operation in the cables of overhead power lines (OPLs) and are valuable for predicting the lifespan of cables of OPLs. These wires, which were either fractured during testing (maximum loads—149.4–155.9 MPa; number of cycles till rupture—83,656–280,863) or remained intact, were examined by X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, densitometry, and acoustic methods. An analysis of the structural, microstructural, and elastic-microplastic properties of the wires revealed common characteristics inherent in the samples after operation in OPLs and after fatigue tests, namely a decrease in the integral and near-surface layer (NSL) densities of the wires, a decrease in their Young’s modulus and microplastic stress, and an increase in the decrement. However, the tests did not fully reproduce the environmental influence, since in contrast to the natural conditions, no aluminum-oxide crystallites were formed in NSLs in tests and the microstructure was different. A comparison of the characteristics of the broken and unbroken wires allows us to suggest that the fastening locations of the wires are crucial for their possible failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 2651 KiB  
Article
Failure Rate Model of Materials under Uncertain Constant Amplitude Cyclic Load
by Xuezong Bai, Xubing Wei, Qiang Ma and Zongwen An
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071181 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
Failure rate is an important reliability index of mechanical components. Failure rate is usually used to characterize the degradation rule of material performance under the cyclic load, which is critical to fatigue life prediction as well as reliability assessment of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo (Ti-6246) alloy. [...] Read more.
Failure rate is an important reliability index of mechanical components. Failure rate is usually used to characterize the degradation rule of material performance under the cyclic load, which is critical to fatigue life prediction as well as reliability assessment of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo (Ti-6246) alloy. In order to reveal the probability characteristics of failure rate of Ti-6246 alloy under uncertain cyclic load, the equation of P-S-N curve is studied in this paper. Firstly. The probability density function for fatigue life under uncertain cyclic loading is derived from the probability density function for external stresses. A probabilistic model for the failure rate is then presented based on the basic assumptions. It is assumed that the failure rate and fatigue life of the material depend on the same damage state. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by the Ti-6246 alloy fatigue test. The results show that the fatigue life of Ti-6246 alloy is more affected by material parameters (internal factors) than stress (external factors) under uncertain constant amplitude cyclic loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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13 pages, 5445 KiB  
Article
Simplified Elastoplastic Fatigue Correction Factor Analysis Approach Based on Minimum Conservative Margin
by Xuejiao Shao, Juan Du, Xiaolong Fu, Furui Xiong, Hui Li, Jun Tian, Xifeng Lu and Hai Xie
Metals 2022, 12(6), 943; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060943 - 30 May 2022
Viewed by 1648
Abstract
ASME and RCC-M codes specify an elastoplastic fatigue analysis technique: a simplified elastoplastic fatigue analysis method based on linear elastic analysis. In this method, the elastic strain range is multiplied by the elastoplastic correction factor (Ke) to envelope the actual [...] Read more.
ASME and RCC-M codes specify an elastoplastic fatigue analysis technique: a simplified elastoplastic fatigue analysis method based on linear elastic analysis. In this method, the elastic strain range is multiplied by the elastoplastic correction factor (Ke) to envelope the actual plastic strain range for fatigue evaluation. The ASME or RCC-M provide the Ke parameters of typical materials, such as austenitic stainless steel and low alloy steel. However, how can the parameters of the material not included in the codes be determined? Based on the existing material Z2CND18.12 (nitrogen control) in the codes and taking into account various sensitive factors, the minimum conservative margin of Ke for this material is calculated, and then the parameters of nonstandard materials are determined iteratively based on the conservative margin. The sensitive factors include the different structure model, load types, the loading control mode, temperature value and the material constitutive model. Based this approach, the Ke parameters of TA16 are determined and verified by the transient with drastic change in temperature and pressure. The results of the case show that the simplified elastoplastic fatigue analysis can envelope the results of cyclic plastic fatigue analysis. The minimum margin approach established in this paper can reasonably determine the Ke value of materials beyond the ASME and RCC-M codes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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15 pages, 45656 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Thermography Investigation of Crack Growth in Armco Iron under Gigacycle Fatigue Loading
by Victor Postel, Johann Petit, Chong Wang, Kai Tan, Isabelle Ranc-Darbord, Qingyuan Wang and Daniele Wagner
Metals 2022, 12(5), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050870 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2144
Abstract
A non-destructive thermographic methodology based on the temperature field is utilized to determine the crack tip position during the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) test of pure iron and deduce the corresponding fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). To this end, a piezoelectric fatigue [...] Read more.
A non-destructive thermographic methodology based on the temperature field is utilized to determine the crack tip position during the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) test of pure iron and deduce the corresponding fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). To this end, a piezoelectric fatigue machine is employed to test 1 mm thick pure iron samples at 20 kHz in push–pull fatigue loading. Two cameras are placed on each side of the plate sample, an infrared one for measuring the temperature fields on the specimen surface and an optical one for visualizing the crack tip verification. The centre section of the specimen is notched to initiate the crack. The temperature field is converted into intrinsic dissipation to quantify the inelastic strain energy according to energy conservation. The maximum value of intrinsic dissipation in each thermal image is related to the position of the crack tip and thus allows monitoring of the crack evolution during the fatigue test. The obtained results show that one specific specimen broke at 7.25 × 107 cycles in the presence of a very low-stress amplitude (122 MPa). It is observed that the intrinsic dissipation has a low-constant level during the initiation and the short cracking, then sharply grows during the long cracking. This transition is visible on the polished surface of the sample, where the plasticity appears during the long cracking and slightly before. The material parameters in the Paris equation obtained from the intrinsic dissipation in the short crack growth are close to the results available in the literature as well as those obtained by the optical camera. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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11 pages, 3824 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Evolution along the NiCrMoV Steel Welded Joints Induced by Low-Cycle Fatigue Damage
by Shuo Weng, Yuhui Huang, Mingliang Zhu and Fuzhen Xuan
Metals 2021, 11(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050811 - 16 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1924
Abstract
The degradation of mechanical properties of materials is essentially related to microstructural changes under service loadings, while the inhomogeneous degradation behaviors along welded joints are not well understood. In the present work, microstructural evolution under low-cycle fatigue in base metal (BM) and weld [...] Read more.
The degradation of mechanical properties of materials is essentially related to microstructural changes under service loadings, while the inhomogeneous degradation behaviors along welded joints are not well understood. In the present work, microstructural evolution under low-cycle fatigue in base metal (BM) and weld metal (WM) of NiCrMoV steel welded joints were investigated by miniature tensile tests and microstructural observations. Results showed that both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the BM and WM decreased after low-cycle fatigue tests, which were attributed to the reduction of dislocation density and formation of low-energy structures. However, the microstructural evolution mechanisms in BM and WM under the same cyclic loadings were different, i.e., the decrease of dislocation density in BM was attributed to the dislocation pile-ups along the grain boundaries, dislocation tangles around the carbides at the lower strain amplitudes (±0.3% or ±0.5%). Additionally, when the strain amplitude was ±8%, the dislocation density was further decreased by the formation of subgrains in BM. For WM, the dislocation density decreased with the increase of strain amplitude, which was mainly caused by the dislocation pile-ups along the grain boundaries and the formation of subgrains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures)
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