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Metals
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Intermetallic Alloys
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Intermetallic Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 25019

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Takayuki Takasugi

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
Interests: intermetallic compounds; heat-resistant materials; microstructural control; mechanical properties; materials processing; hydrogen embrittlement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on understanding and developments for alloy designing, microstructure, processing, and relationship between structure (defect) and properties of intermetallic compounds and multi-phase intermetallic alloys where intermetallic compounds are comprised with other intermetallic compounds or as the major constituents. The issue broadly includes fundamentals of phase relation, phase and microstructure stability; physical, chemical and mechanical response to various environment conditions; developments in innovative processing; and technological developments for commercial applications. Intermetallic phases of interest widely include aluminides, silicides, Ni-, Co-, Fe- and Mg-based compounds, Laves phases and Heusler phases, various close-packed compounds, and multi-phase intermetallic alloys comprising them. Articles are not limited to intermetallic compounds intended for structural and functional applications: Thermoelectric power, magnetic applications, catalysis, shape memory and hydrogen storage alloys will also be considered.

Prof. Takayuki Takasugi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Structural intermetallic alloys
  • Functional intermetallic alloys
  • Multi-phase intermetallic alloys
  • Aluminides
  • Silicides
  • Ni-, Co, Fe- and Mg-based intermetallic alloys
  • Laves phases
  • Heusler phases
  • (Micro)structure
  • Phase relation
  • Mechanical properties
  • Thermoelectric properties

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 163 KiB  
Editorial
Intermetallic Alloys
by Takayuki Takasugi
Metals 2019, 9(9), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090940 - 28 Aug 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
Intermetallic alloys are defined as solids which are comprised of two components combined with an off-stoichiometric range or dissolution of other components and have different crystal structures from those of the two components [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

11 pages, 4559 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behavior in Thermal Cycled Equiatomic CuZr Shape Memory Alloy
by Shota Hisada, Mitsuhiro Matsuda, Minoru Nishida, Carlo Alberto Biffi and Ausonio Tuissi
Metals 2019, 9(5), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050580 - 18 May 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3789
Abstract
Equiatomic CuZr alloy undergoes a martensitic transformation from the B2 parent phase to martensitic phases (P21/m and Cm) below 150 °C. We clarified the effect of the thermal cycling on the morphology and crystallography of martensite in equiatomic [...] Read more.
Equiatomic CuZr alloy undergoes a martensitic transformation from the B2 parent phase to martensitic phases (P21/m and Cm) below 150 °C. We clarified the effect of the thermal cycling on the morphology and crystallography of martensite in equiatomic CuZr alloy using a transmission electron microscopy. The 10th cycled specimens consisted of different multiple structures at the maximum temperature of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement −400 °C and 500 °C, respectively. At the maximum temperature 400 °C of DSC measurement, it is composed of the fine plate-like variants, and a lamellar eutectoid structure consisting of Cu10Zr7 and CuZr2 phases on the martensitic variant. Concerning the maximum temperature of 500 °C of DSC measurement, it is observed the martensitic structure and the lamellar structure in which the martensitic phase was completely eutectoid transformed. The formation of this lamellar eutectoid structure, due to thermal cycling leads to the shift of forward and reverse transformation peaks to low and high temperature side. In addition, new forward and reverse transformation peaks indicating a new transformation appeared by thermal cycling, and the peaks remained around −20 °C. This new martensitic transformation behavior is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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11 pages, 4445 KiB  
Article
Age-Induced Precipitation and Hardening Behavior of Ni3Al Intermetallic Alloys Containing Vanadium
by Satoshi Semboshi, Ryosuke Sasaki, Yasuyuki Kaneno and Takayuki Takasugi
Metals 2019, 9(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020160 - 1 Feb 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3524
Abstract
L12-type Ni3Al alloys containing vanadium are potential candidates for solid-solution and age-hardenable alloy systems, according to the Ni3Al-Ni3V pseudo-binary phase diagram. Therefore, herein, variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-13 at.% Al-12 at.% [...] Read more.
L12-type Ni3Al alloys containing vanadium are potential candidates for solid-solution and age-hardenable alloy systems, according to the Ni3Al-Ni3V pseudo-binary phase diagram. Therefore, herein, variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-13 at.% Al-12 at.% V-50 ppm B alloy during isothermal aging were investigated. Alloy specimens were solution-treated at 1323 K for 48 h, quenched in water, and aged at 1073 K to 1173 K. The quenched specimens exhibited a single phase of Ni3Al (L12 structure derived from Al (fcc) structure), while in the aged specimens, numerous fine disk-shaped precipitates identified as Ni3V (D022 structure from orthorhombic structure) were formed on {001} planes of the Ni3Al matrix. The size of the disk-shaped Ni3V precipitates increased gradually with increasing aging period. The hardness and strength of the specimens increased initially during aging at 1073 K to 1173 K, reached a maximum, followed by a subsequent decrease. The age-hardening behavior observed for the specimens can be explained in terms of precipitation of the fine disk-shaped Ni3V precipitates in the Ni3Al matrix. Furthermore, the peak-aged specimens exhibited an increase in yield strength with increasing testing temperature, similar to other L12-type intermetallic alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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14 pages, 11355 KiB  
Article
Effect of Small Additions of Cr, Ti, and Mn on the Microstructure and Hardness of Al–Si–Fe–X Alloys
by Víctor A. Aranda, Ignacio A. Figueroa, Gonzalo González, J. Alejandro García-Hinojosa and Gabriel A. Lara-Rodríguez
Metals 2019, 9(2), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020136 - 27 Jan 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4294
Abstract
The Al–Si–Fe system has drawn the attention of the scientific community due to its capacity to replace parts in several manufacturing industries, as this alloy system is very sensitive to small additions of transition metals. Therefore, the aim of this work is to [...] Read more.
The Al–Si–Fe system has drawn the attention of the scientific community due to its capacity to replace parts in several manufacturing industries, as this alloy system is very sensitive to small additions of transition metals. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the effect of Cr, Ti, and Mn additions in the Al–20Si–5Fe (wt. %) alloy and to study the modification of the iron intermetallic and the microstructural refinement through the formation of secondary phases. Al–20Si–5Fe–X (X = Cr, Mn and Ti at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt. %) alloy ingots were prepared by arc melting furnace. The elemental chemical analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The microstructure of all samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Finally, microhardness was measured in order correlate the hardness with the formation of the different compounds. The highest hardness was found for the alloy with the 5 wt. % Cr. The addition of Ti and Mn raised the hardness by ~35 HVN (Vickers microhardness) when compared to that of AlSiFe master alloy. Important changes were also observed in the microstructure. Depending on the Cr, Ti, and Mn additions, the resulting microstructure was dendritic (CrFe), acicular (Ti5Si3), and “bone like” (Mn0.2Fe0.8), respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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17 pages, 6748 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution of a High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy with (α2 + γ) Microstructure during Elevated Temperature Deformation
by Yudong Chu, Jinshan Li, Lei Zhu, Yan Liu, Bin Tang and Hongchao Kou
Metals 2018, 8(11), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110916 - 7 Nov 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2669
Abstract
In order to verify the correctness of the transition of deformation mechanism with the change in deformation parameters and to reveal the types and mechanism of dynamic recrystallization of γ grains during compression deformation, microstructure characterization of Ti-43.5Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B (at. %) alloy after isothermal [...] Read more.
In order to verify the correctness of the transition of deformation mechanism with the change in deformation parameters and to reveal the types and mechanism of dynamic recrystallization of γ grains during compression deformation, microstructure characterization of Ti-43.5Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B (at. %) alloy after isothermal compression deformation were performed. When the alloy was deformed at 1000 °C/10−2 s−1, the initial γ grains are elongated and significantly refined and the fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGB) of γ grains is obviously increased and the texture intensity remains unchanged, which indicates that the compression deformation in dislocation creep region is dominated by intragranular deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of γ grains. Besides, the lattice rotation at grain boundary serrations may be responsible for the nucleation of new recrystallized γ grains, and the following growth process may be achieved by the migration of γ grain boundaries. However, when the alloy deformed at 1050 °C/10−4 s−1 and 1000 °C/10−4 s−1, the γ grains maintain equiaxed shapes and distribute more uniformly and the fraction of LAGB of γ grains is slightly raised and the texture sharpness decreases, which indicates that the compression deformation in grain boundary sliding (GBS) region is mainly controlled by GBS of γ grains and DRX occurs simultaneously within some coarse γ grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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11 pages, 5369 KiB  
Article
Improvement in Thermomechanical Reliability of Low Cost Sn-Based BGA Interconnects by Cr Addition
by Junghwan Bang, Dong-Yurl Yu, Ming Yang, Yong-Ho Ko, Jeong-Won Yoon, Hiroshi Nishikawa and Chang-Woo Lee
Metals 2018, 8(8), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080586 - 27 Jul 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3521
Abstract
The exemption of Pb-bearing automobile electronics in the End of Life Vehicle (ELV) directive has recently expired, bring an urgent need to find Pb-free alloys that can maintain good performance under high-temperature and vibration conditions for automobile application. In this study, a new [...] Read more.
The exemption of Pb-bearing automobile electronics in the End of Life Vehicle (ELV) directive has recently expired, bring an urgent need to find Pb-free alloys that can maintain good performance under high-temperature and vibration conditions for automobile application. In this study, a new lead-free solder, Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Cr (wt.%) alloy, was developed. To evaluate the thermomechanical reliability of the new solder alloy in automobile electronics, a thermal shock test was performed. The results show that the presence of Cr in solder inhibits the growth of interfacial Cu3Sn layer and the formation of Kirkendall voids, which effectively improves the joint reliability under intense thermal shock condition compared with the commercial SAC305 and SC07 solders. Specifically, the shear strength of the Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Cr/Cu solder joints was higher by 23% and 44% than that of SAC305 and SC07 solder joints after 2000 cycles of thermal shock at 1 m/s shear speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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10 pages, 3921 KiB  
Article
In Situ Formation of TiB2/Al2O3-Reinforced Fe3Al by Combustion Synthesis with Thermite Reduction
by Chun-Liang Yeh and Chih-Yao Ke
Metals 2018, 8(4), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8040288 - 22 Apr 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3823
Abstract
Fabrication of Fe3Al–TiB2–Al2O3 composites with a broad range of phase compositions was studied by combustion synthesis involving aluminothermic reduction of oxide precursors. Two reaction systems composed of elemental Fe, amorphous boron, and a thermite mixture of [...] Read more.
Fabrication of Fe3Al–TiB2–Al2O3 composites with a broad range of phase compositions was studied by combustion synthesis involving aluminothermic reduction of oxide precursors. Two reaction systems composed of elemental Fe, amorphous boron, and a thermite mixture of Fe2O3/TiO2/Al were conducted in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). One was to produce the composites of 1.25Fe3Al + xTiB2 + Al2O3 with x = 0.3–1.0. The other was to fabricate the products of yFe3Al + 0.6TiB2 + Al2O3 with y = 1.0–1.6. Reduction of Fe2O3 by Al acted as an initiation step to activate the SHS process. Complete phase conversion from the reactants to Fe3Al–TiB2–Al2O3 composites was achieved. The variation of combustion front velocity with sample stoichiometry was consistent with that of the reaction exothermicity. Based on combustion wave kinetics, the activation energy of Ea = 86.8 kJ/mol was determined for formation of the Fe3Al–TiB2–Al2O3 composite through the thermite-based SHS reaction. In addition, with an increase in TiB2, the fracture toughness of the 1.25Fe3Al + xTiB2 + Al2O3 composite was found to increase from 5.32 to 7.92 MPa·m1/2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermetallic Alloys)
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