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Micromachines
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Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels
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Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 10577

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yue Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: nanofabrication for energy conversion; near-field heat transfer; PV/T building integration system; efficient heat pipes
Dr. Huizhu Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: electronic chip cooling; power battery thermal management technology; heat pipe technology; heat and mass transfer enhancement in porous metal; high efficiency heat exchangers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Binjian Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: multiphase flow and heat transfer; phase change heat transfer; thermal management; thermal energy storage; nanofluid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent decades have seen a dramatically accelerating pace in the development of advanced micro- and power electronics with unprecedented functionality and efficiency. As high-performance electronic devices continue to shrink in size and increase in functionality, their performance has become severely limited by the heat removal capacity of cooling systems. Microchannel and nanochannel heat sinks, which were first proposed back in the 1980s, have attracted growing attention and have become widely used in electronic cooling applications due to their excellent thermal performance, small size, and high robustness. As micro- and nanofabrication technology continue to advance, the applications for micro- and nanochannels have expanded from electronic cooling to solutions for more complex thermal challenges in a diverse range of fields, including in the medical, biological, energy, and chemical processing industries. This progress makes it increasingly important to understand and control heat and mass transfer in micro/nanochannels.

Despite being a relatively mature research field, new discoveries continue to emerge, which not only provide new insights into the fundamental mechanism of heat and mass transfer in micro/nanochannels, but that also open up new pathways to solve realistic engineering problems. This research topic aims to collect work that covers all recent efforts to (1) advance our fundamental understanding on heat and mass transfer in micro/nanochannels, ranging from nanoscale thermal transport to convection heat transfer under continuum frames and to (2) promote the application of micro/nanochannels to address increasing thermal challenges, which include but are not limited to the design, fabrication, and testing of micro/nanochannel as well as the development and demonstration of components and devices. 

Original research or review articles on the most recent analytical, numerical, and experimental research in this field are welcome. Proposed subtopics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Heat transfer enhancement;
  • Thermal management technology;
  • Micro/nanoscale heat transfer;
  • Conjugate heat transfer;
  • Heat exchangers.

Dr. Yue Yang
Dr. Huizhu Yang
Dr. Binjian Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat transfer
  • micro/nanoscale
  • thermal management
  • porous media
  • microchannel
  • microfabrication
  • heat exchanger

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5264 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on a Liquid Cooling Plate with a Double-Layer Minichannel for a Lithium Battery Module
by Yu Xu and Ruijin Wang
Micromachines 2023, 14(11), 2128; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14112128 - 20 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
The liquid cooling system of lithium battery modules (LBM) directly affects the safety, efficiency, and operational cost of lithium-ion batteries. To meet the requirements raised by a factory for the lithium battery module (LBM), a liquid cooling plate with a two-layer minichannel heat [...] Read more.
The liquid cooling system of lithium battery modules (LBM) directly affects the safety, efficiency, and operational cost of lithium-ion batteries. To meet the requirements raised by a factory for the lithium battery module (LBM), a liquid cooling plate with a two-layer minichannel heat sink has been proposed to maintain temperature uniformity in the module and ensure it stays within the temperature limit. This innovative design features a single inlet and a single outlet. To evaluate the performance of the liquid cooling system, we considered various discharge rates while taking into account the structure, flow rate, and temperature of the coolant. Our findings indicate that at a mass outflow rate of 20 g/s, a better cooling effect and lower power consumption can be achieved. An inlet temperature of 20 °C, close to the initial temperature of the battery string, may be the most appropriate because a higher temperature of the coolant will cause a higher temperature of LBM, so far as to exceed the safe threshold value. In the case of larger rate discharge, the design of a double-layer MCHS at the bottom and an auxiliary one at the side can effectively reduce the maximum temperature LBM (within 28 °C) and maintain the temperature difference in the single cell at approximately 4 °C. In the case of non-constant discharges, the temperature difference between cells increases with the maximum temperature. When the discharge rate is reduced, the large temperature difference helps the temperature to drop rapidly. This can provide guidance for the design of cooling systems for the LBM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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27 pages, 7207 KiB  
Article
Simulations of Flows via CFD in Microchannels for Characterizing Entrance Region and Developing New Correlations for Hydrodynamic Entrance Length
by Dustin R. Ray and Debendra K. Das
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071418 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1447
Abstract
Devices with microchannels are relatively new, and many correlations are not yet developed to design them efficiently. In microchannels, the flow regime is primarily laminar, where entrance length may occupy a significant section of the flow channel. Therefore, several computational fluid dynamic simulations [...] Read more.
Devices with microchannels are relatively new, and many correlations are not yet developed to design them efficiently. In microchannels, the flow regime is primarily laminar, where entrance length may occupy a significant section of the flow channel. Therefore, several computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed in this research to characterize the developing flow regime. The new correlations of entrance length were developed from a vast number of numerical results obtained from these simulations. A three-dimensional laminar flow for 37 Reynolds numbers (0.1, 0.2, …, 1, 2, …, 10, 20, …, 100, 200, …, 1000), primarily in low regime with water flow through six rectangular microchannels (aspect ratio: 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.2, 0.125), has been modeled, conducting 222 simulations to characterize flow developments and ascertain progressive velocity profile shapes. Examination of the fully developed flow condition was considered using traditional criteria such as velocity and incremental pressure drop number. Additionally, a new criterion was presented based on fRe. Numerical results from the present simulations were validated by comparing the fully developed velocity profile, friction factor, and hydrodynamic entrance length for Re > 100 in rectangular channels, for which accurate data are available in the literature. There is a need for hydrodynamic entrance length correlations in a low Reynolds number regime (Re < 100). So, the model was run numerous times to generate a vast amount of numerical data that yielded two new correlations based on the velocity and fRe criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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14 pages, 3492 KiB  
Article
Thermal Analysis of a Reactive Variable Viscosity TiO2-PAO Nanolubricant in a Microchannel Poiseuille Flow
by Oluwole Daniel Makinde and Anuoluwa Esther Makinde
Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061164 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1119
Abstract
This paper examines the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of a reactive variable viscosity polyalphaolefin (PAO)-based nanolubricant containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in a microchannel. The nonlinear model equations are obtained and numerically solved via the shooting method with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg [...] Read more.
This paper examines the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of a reactive variable viscosity polyalphaolefin (PAO)-based nanolubricant containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in a microchannel. The nonlinear model equations are obtained and numerically solved via the shooting method with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration scheme. Pertinent results depicting the effects of emerging thermophysical parameters on the reactive lubricant velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and thermal stability criteria are presented graphically and discussed. It is found that the Nusselt number and thermal stability of the flow process improve with exothermic chemical kinetics, Biot number, and nanoparticles volume fraction but lessen with a rise in viscous dissipation and activation energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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16 pages, 1888 KiB  
Article
Thermal and Flow Analysis of Fully Developed Electroosmotic Flow in Parallel-Plate Micro- and Nanochannels with Surface Charge-Dependent Slip
by Long Chang, Yanjun Sun, Mandula Buren and Yongjun Jian
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2166; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122166 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
This study analytically investigates the coupled effects of surface charge and boundary slip on the fully developed electroosmotic flow and thermal transfer in parallel plate micro and nanochannels under the high zeta potential. The electric potential, velocity, temperature, flow rate, and Nusselt number [...] Read more.
This study analytically investigates the coupled effects of surface charge and boundary slip on the fully developed electroosmotic flow and thermal transfer in parallel plate micro and nanochannels under the high zeta potential. The electric potential, velocity, temperature, flow rate, and Nusselt number are obtained analytically. The main results are that the velocity of bulk flow is significantly reduced in the presence of the surface charge-dependent slip. Moreover, the maximum velocity at ζ = −125 mV is approximately twice as large as that at ζ = −25 mV. The velocity and dimensionless temperature increase as the zeta potential increases. The dimensionless temperature of the surface charge-dependent slip flow is larger than that of the surface charge-independent slip flow. For the surface charge-dependent slip flow, the maximum temperature at ζ = −125 mV is approximately four times larger than that at ζ = −25 mV. The Nusselt number decreases with Joule heating and increases with a positive heat transfer coefficient. The Nusselt number decreases as the electric field and the magnitude of the zeta potential increase. In the surface charge-dependent slip flows, the Nusselt number is smaller than that in the surface charge-independent slip flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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18 pages, 5257 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Capillary Microflows in High Porosity Open-Cell Metal Foams
by Huizhu Yang, Yue Yang, Binjian Ma and Yonggang Zhu
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2052; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122052 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2066
Abstract
Metal foams have been widely used in heat pipes as wicking materials. The main issue with metal foams is the surface property capillary limit. In this paper, a chemical blackening process for creating a superhydrophilic surface on copper foams is studied with seven [...] Read more.
Metal foams have been widely used in heat pipes as wicking materials. The main issue with metal foams is the surface property capillary limit. In this paper, a chemical blackening process for creating a superhydrophilic surface on copper foams is studied with seven different NaOH and NaClO2 solution concentrations (1.5~4.5 mol/L), in which the microscopic morphology of the treated copper foam surface is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The capillary experiments are carried out to quantify the wicking characteristics of the treated copper foams and the results are compared with theoretical models. A the microscope is used to detect the flow stratification characteristics of the capillary rise process. The results show that the best wicking ability is obtained for the oxidation of copper foam using 3.5 mol/L of NaOH and NaClO2 solution. Gravity plays a major role in defining the permeability and effective pore radius, while the effect of evaporation can be ignored. The formation of a fluid stratified interface between the unsaturated and saturated zone results in capillary performance degradation. The current study is important for understanding the flow transport in porous materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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15 pages, 6790 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of Thermal Enhancement in a Single- and Double-Layer Microchannel Heat Sink with Different Ribs
by Miaolong Cao, Shi Cao, Jincheng Zhao and Jiayi Zhu
Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111821 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1600
Abstract
In this paper, a microchannel heat sink model was proposed to realize single- and double- layer flow through built-in ribs. The finite element volume method was used to analyze the influence of the length, thickness and angle of the inner rib on the [...] Read more.
In this paper, a microchannel heat sink model was proposed to realize single- and double- layer flow through built-in ribs. The finite element volume method was used to analyze the influence of the length, thickness and angle of the inner rib on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the microchannel heat sink. The pressure drop, temperature field, flow field, and thermal characteristics are given. The numerical simulation results show that the rectangular rib plate makes the fluid in the microchannel heat sink flow alternately in the upper and lower layers, which can effectively enhance heat transfer. However, with the increase in rib length, the comprehensive evaluation factor decreases. The change of the angle of the rectangular rib plate has little influence on the Nusselt number. The change rate of the comprehensive evaluation factor of the thickness of the rectangular rib plate is the largest. When the Reynolds number is 1724, the comprehensive evaluation factor of Case 9 is 4.7% higher than that of Case 2. According to the parameter study of the built-in rib plate, the optimal parameter combination is given, in which the angle is 0°, the length is 7.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.2–0.3 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanochannels)
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