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Micromachines
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Advances in 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications
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Advances in 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 4660

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zorana Golubović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Senior Research Associate, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: additive manufacturing; 3D printing; material characterization; polymers; biomaterials; biomedical engineering
Prof. Dr. Aleksandar S. Sedmak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Innovation Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: welded joints; structural integrity assessment; fracture mechanics; finite element analysis; engineering materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, significantly advances production processes compared to conventional manufacturing. Computer-aided (CAD) modelling provides detailed customization capabilities followed by freedom in manufacturing, resulting in lower production costs and easier repeatability of finished parts. Apart from its numerous applications and widespread use in various industries, it is the flexibility in geometric freedom that makes 3D printing's presence significant in the field of biomedical engineering and its applications. Researchers and manufacturers are using additive manufacturing to 3D print the:

  1. models, prototypes and tools for surgical planning,
  2. different kinds of medical devices, assistive devices, orthopedics and prosthetics, devices and tools used in clinical and rehabilitation engineering,
  3. pharmaceuticals and drug delivery devices,
  4. various orthodontics, prosthodontics and implantology, endodontics, and periodontics tools in dentistry field,
  5. human tissue with bioprinting, personalized implants and scaffolds using the advances biomaterials.

Significant research and development has also been conducted in the area of biomechanical analysis of 3D printed parts. 3D printing has been used in medical education and training to better illustrate various anatomies and pathologies through case studies. To take advantage of these processes, it is important to follow the regulations and legal aspects for corresponding 3D-printed biomedical products.

Nevertheless, 3D printing still has certain technological and material challenges to overcome. Intensive research, optimization, and development are necessary to meet current overall clinical and industrial needs.

The aim of this special issue is to explore the new developments in the field of 3D printing, focusing on research and results in the broad area of biomedical applications.

Authors are encouraged to publish original research, review articles, and communications presenting advances in 3D-printing technologies in the field of biomedical engineering, or innovative applications in personalized medicine, pharmacy, assistive devices, biosensors, etc. All the manuscripts that involve 3D printing, subjected to biomedical engineering which are within the scope of this Special Issue, are welcome.

Dr. Zorana Golubović
Prof. Dr. Aleksandar S. Sedmak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printed biomedical devices
  • biofabrication
  • biomaterials
  • 3D printing in pharmacy
  • 3D printing in dentistry
  • assistive devices and 3D printing
  • bioimaging and visualization in 3D printing
  • implants, scaffolds, tissue engineering
  • 4D printing in biomedical applications
  • laws and regulations
  • case study

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7772 KiB  
Article
Conformal 3D Printing Algorithm for Surfaces and Its In Situ Repair Applications
by Jundong Tang, Yongli Dong, Lixiang Cai, Qian Zhu and Jianping Shi
Micromachines 2024, 15(7), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15070920 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 946
Abstract
Conformal 3D printing can construct specific three-dimensional structures on the free-form surfaces of target objects, achieving in situ additive manufacturing and repair, making it one of the cutting-edge technologies in the current field of 3D printing. To further improve the repair efficacy in [...] Read more.
Conformal 3D printing can construct specific three-dimensional structures on the free-form surfaces of target objects, achieving in situ additive manufacturing and repair, making it one of the cutting-edge technologies in the current field of 3D printing. To further improve the repair efficacy in tissue engineering, this study proposes a conformal path planning algorithm for in situ printing in specific areas of the target object. By designing the conformal 3D printing algorithm and utilizing vector projection and other methods, coordinate transformation of the printing trajectory was achieved. The algorithm was validated, showing good adherence of the printing material to the target surface. In situ repair experiments were also conducted on human hands and pig tibia defect models, verifying the feasibility of this method and laying a foundation for further research in personalized medicine and tissue repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications)
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16 pages, 6416 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Ozone Sterilization on the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Biocompatible PMMA
by Ivan Morosavljević, Dražan Kozak, Tihomir Kosor, Janko Morosavljević, Luka Ferlič and Nenad Gubeljak
Micromachines 2024, 15(4), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040472 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1521
Abstract
Since ozone is highly corrosive, it can substantially affect the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials; consequently, it could affect the applicability of those materials in medical applications. The effect of ozone sterilization on the chemical and mechanical properties of additively manufactured [...] Read more.
Since ozone is highly corrosive, it can substantially affect the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials; consequently, it could affect the applicability of those materials in medical applications. The effect of ozone sterilization on the chemical and mechanical properties of additively manufactured specimens of biocompatible poly(methyl-methacrylate) was observed. FDM 3D-printed specimens of biocompatible PMMA in groups of five were exposed to high concentrations of ozone generated by corona discharge for different durations and at different ozone concentrations inside an enclosed chamber with embedded and calibrated ozone, temperature, and humidity sensors. A novel approach using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and spark-discharge optical emission spectrometry (SD-OES) was used to determine an eventual change in the chemical composition of specimens. Mechanical properties were determined by testing the tensile strength and Young’s modulus. A calibrated digital microscope was used to observe the eventual degradation of material on the surface of the specimens. SD-OES and LIF analysis results do not show any detectable sterilization-caused chemical degradation, and no substantial difference in mechanical properties was detected. There was no detectable surface degradation observed under the digital microscope. The results obtained suggest that ozone sterilization appears to be a suitable technique for sterilizing PMMA medical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 3600 KiB  
Article
Influence of Aging on the Flexural Strength of PLA and PLA-X 3D-Printed Materials
by Nenad Mitrović, Zorana Golubović, Aleksandra Mitrović, Milan Travica, Isaak Trajković, Miloš Milošević and Aleksandar Petrović
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030395 - 14 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
The three-point bending test is a valuable method for evaluating the mechanical properties of 3D-printed biomaterials, which can be used in various applications. The use of 3D printing in specimen preparation enables precise control over material composition and microstructure, facilitating the investigation of [...] Read more.
The three-point bending test is a valuable method for evaluating the mechanical properties of 3D-printed biomaterials, which can be used in various applications. The use of 3D printing in specimen preparation enables precise control over material composition and microstructure, facilitating the investigation of different printing parameters and advanced materials. The traditional approach to analyzing the mechanical properties of a material using a three-point bending test has the disadvantage that it provides only global information about the material’s behavior. This means that it does not provide detailed insight into the local strain distribution within the material. However, the 2D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method offers additional insight, especially in terms of strain localization. DIC is an optical technique that measures full-field displacements and strains on the surface of a sample. PLA and enhanced PLA-X material were utilized to create three-point bending samples. The aim of this paper was to analyze and compare the influence of aging on the mechanical properties of PLA and enhanced PLA-X materials using three-point bending coupled with the DIC method. The results showed statistically significant differences between the PLA and PLA-X, for both the new and aged materials. The aged PLA samples had the highest average value of maximal force around 68 N, which was an increase of 8.8% compared to the new PLA samples. On the other hand, the aged PLA-X material had an increase of 7.7% in the average maximal force compared to the new PLA-X samples. When comparing the two materials, the PLA samples had higher maximal force values, 6.2% for the new samples, and 7.3% for the aged samples. The DIC results showed that both the new PLA and PLA-X samples endured higher strain values at Points 1 and 2 than the aged ones, except for the aged PLA-X sample at Point 2, where the new sample had higher strain values. However, for the first 5 min of the experiment, both materials exhibited identical behavior, after which point significant differences started to occur for both materials, as well as at Points 1 and 2. A more profound comprehension of the biomechanical characteristics of both PLA and PLA-X material is essential to enhance the knowledge for potential biomedical applications. The DIC method was found to be a powerful tool for analyzing the deformation and failure behavior of samples and for complementing the traditional approach to material testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications)
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