Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A:Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 4371

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Interests: AI-enabled sensors; MEMS; self-powered sensors; smart electronics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, we have witnessed the revolutionary innovation and flourishing development of the Internet of Things (IoT), which will further proliferate with the gradual rollout of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network across the globe. Enabled by the ultrahigh-speed data communication capability of 5G, various IoT systems can be envisioned by linking numerous interrelated electronic devices together in an integrated and interconnected network, such as the smart factory, unmanned shop, smart home, or wearable body network. Within these complicated and widely distributed systems, energy supply in the IoT era is gradually migrating from a centralized and ordered supply mode towards a mobile and in situ supply. Compared to current battery technology, energy-harvesting technologies that scavenge available energies from the ambient surroundings exhibit great advantages as an energy supply, e.g., extended and unlimited lifetime, high portability, flexible/stretchable compatibility, and the ability to develop sustainability. Recently, different energy-harvesting technologies have undergone significant innovation, providing key functionalities in diversified systems such as energy harvesters and self-powered sensors. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers and review articles that are focused on advanced developments in the design, fabrication, integration, and application of energy-harvesting technologies, with a particular focus on energy harvesters, nanogenerators, self-powered sensors and systems.

Prof. Dr. Qiongfeng Shi
Prof. Dr. Huicong Liu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • energy harvesters
  • nanogenerators
  • self-powered sensors
  • smart electronics
  • internet of things

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1309 KiB  
Article
A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications
by Yixiao Sun, Jie Cheng, Zhizhong Luo and Yanhan Zeng
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091132 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 988
Abstract
A high resolution, acceptable accuracy and low power consumption time-domain temperature sensor is proposed and simulated in this paper based on a 180 nm standard CMOS technology. A diode stacking structure is introduced to enhance the accuracy of the temperature sensing core. To [...] Read more.
A high resolution, acceptable accuracy and low power consumption time-domain temperature sensor is proposed and simulated in this paper based on a 180 nm standard CMOS technology. A diode stacking structure is introduced to enhance the accuracy of the temperature sensing core. To improve the resolution of the sensor, a dual-input capacitor multiplexing voltage-to-time converter (VTC) is implemented. Additionally, a low-temperature drift voltage-mode relaxation oscillator (ROSC) is proposed, effectively reducing the large oscillation frequency drift caused by significant temperature impacts on delay errors. The simulated results show that the resolution is as high as 0.0071 °C over 0∼120 °C with +0.43 °C/−0.38 °C inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 resolution FoM, consuming only 1.48 μW at a 1.2 V supply voltage. Full article
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11 pages, 2822 KiB  
Article
Flexible Thermoelectric Device Based on Protrusion-Structured Liquid Metal Elastomer for Gravity Heat Pipe
by Xiaogang Zhang, Xinghua Zhang, Shaocheng Ge, Bailin Zhang, Dongguang Zhang and Jiayi Yang
Micromachines 2024, 15(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15050592 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1198
Abstract
Monitoring the temperature of the coal gangue mountains is fundamental to preventing their spontaneous combustion. However, the existing temperature monitoring systems fail to achieve stable, pollution-free temperature monitoring without affecting vegetation growth in these mountains. To address this issue, this work proposes a [...] Read more.
Monitoring the temperature of the coal gangue mountains is fundamental to preventing their spontaneous combustion. However, the existing temperature monitoring systems fail to achieve stable, pollution-free temperature monitoring without affecting vegetation growth in these mountains. To address this issue, this work proposes a flexible thermoelectric device (FTD) based on a protrusion-structured liquid metal elastomer (LME). Utilizing a high-thermal-conductivity LME, the FTD adheres closely to the surface of the gravity heat pipe (GHP), ensuring compatibility between FTD and the curved surface of the GHP. Simultaneously, employing a low-thermal-conductivity elastomer helps concentrate heat onto FTD, thereby enhancing thermoelectric power generation efficiency. Additionally, the impact of the shape, size, and height of the protrusion structure at the cold end of the GHP on its efficiency was also investigated. The practical application of FTD on GHP was demonstrated. Full article
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