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Micromachines
Special Issues
3D/4D Printing of Multifunctional Composites with Multifunctional Applications
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3D/4D Printing of Multifunctional Composites with Multifunctional Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D3: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 2275

Special Issue Editor

Dr. George Kenanakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
Interests: 3D printing; nanocomposites; metamaterials; energy harvesting; photocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), provides great opportunities for the manufacture of complex and personalized products for industrial and environmental applications, such as in aerospace, vehicles, renewable energy, construction, biomedical technology, and prototypes. A wide range of 3D structures and geometries can be fabricated using different kinds of materials, such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and fiber-reinforced composites.

During the last decade, 3D printing using new intelligent materials, very often based on composites, and innovative design and technological solutions evolved into a new concept, namely so-called 4D printing. The process of 4D printing is where 3D-printed objects can transform over time based on specific stimuli, such as heat, light, wind, or electricity, based on a set of instructions written into their geometric coding.

In this Special Issue, we aim to present a collection of reviews, perspectives, and research articles that highlight the latest advancements in 3D and 4D printing. This Special Issue will be split into two distinctive parts, as follows:

(a) The initial section will cover the latest advancements in 3D/4D printing, rapid tooling and manufacturing, customized mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties, quality control and AM standards, case studies, etc., and several novel applications, such as 3D/4D-printed circuits and electronics, flexible electrodes, large-scale photocatalytic/self-cleaning filters and devices, 3D/4D printing for medicine and biomedical engineering, photonic metamaterials and metasurfaces, etc., to name but a few.

(b) The second section will cover the exploration of innovative 3D/4D-printed nanostructures and nanocomposites for applications in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) and the creation of adaptive materials to enable the construction of dynamic devices characterized by adaptable properties and reconfigurable architectures.

Dr. George Kenanakis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D/4D printing
  • rapid prototyping
  • additive manufacturing
  • composites materials
  • multifunctional structures
  • adaptive materials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7728 KiB  
Article
Enhancing 3D Printing Copper-PLA Composite Fabrication via Fused Deposition Modeling through Statistical Process Parameter Study
by Mahmoud Moradi, Omid Mehrabi, Fakhir A. Rasoul, Anas Abid Mattie, Friedemann Schaber and Rasoul Khandan
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091082 - 27 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 909
Abstract
The rapid advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has provided new avenues for creating three-dimensional (3D) parts with intricate geometries. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a prominent technology in this domain, involving the layer-by-layer fabrication of objects by extruding a filament comprising a [...] Read more.
The rapid advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has provided new avenues for creating three-dimensional (3D) parts with intricate geometries. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a prominent technology in this domain, involving the layer-by-layer fabrication of objects by extruding a filament comprising a blend of polymer and metal powder. This study focuses on the FDM process using a filament of Copper–Polylactic Acid (Cu-PLA) composite, which capitalizes on the advantageous properties of copper (high electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance) combined with the easily processable thermoplastic PLA material. The research delves into the impact of FDM process parameters, specifically, infill percentage (IP), infill pattern (P), and layer thickness (LT) on the maximum failure load (N), percentage of elongation at break, and weight of Cu-PLA composite filament-based parts. The study employs the response surface method (RSM) with Design-Expert V11 software. The selected parameters include infill percentage at five levels (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%), fill patterns at five levels (Grid, Triangle, Tri-Hexagonal, Cubic-Subdivision, and Lines), and layer thickness at five levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm). Also, the optimal factor values were obtained. The findings highlight that layer thickness and infill percentage significantly influence the weight of the samples, with an observed increase as these parameters are raised. Additionally, an increase in layer thickness and infill percentage corresponds to a higher maximum failure load in the specimens. The peak maximum failure load (230 N) is achieved at a 0.5 mm layer thickness and Tri-Hexagonal pattern. As the infill percentage changes from 10% to 50%, the percentage of elongation at break decreases. The maximum percentage of elongation at break is attained with a 20% infill percentage, 0.2 mm layer thickness, and 0.5 Cubic-Subdivision pattern. Using a multi-objective response optimization, the layer thickness of 0.152 mm, an infill percentage of 32.909%, and a Grid infill pattern was found to be the best configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D/4D Printing of Multifunctional Composites with Multifunctional Applications)
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16 pages, 5096 KiB  
Article
Alignment Control of Ferrite-Decorated Nanocarbon Material for 3D Printing
by Narit Boonhaijaroen, Pitchaya Sitthi-amorn, Werayut Srituravanich, Kwanrat Suanpong, Sanong Ekgasit and Somchai Pengprecha
Micromachines 2024, 15(6), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060763 - 6 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 924
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the potential of anisotropic 3D printing for alignable carbon nanomaterials. The ferrite-decorated nanocarbon material was synthesized via a sodium solvation process using epichlorohydrin as the coupling agent. Employing a one-pot synthesis approach, the novel material was incorporated into a 3D [...] Read more.
This paper demonstrates the potential of anisotropic 3D printing for alignable carbon nanomaterials. The ferrite-decorated nanocarbon material was synthesized via a sodium solvation process using epichlorohydrin as the coupling agent. Employing a one-pot synthesis approach, the novel material was incorporated into a 3D photopolymer, manipulated, and printed using a low-cost microscale 3D printer, equipped with digital micromirror lithography, monitoring optics, and magnetic actuators. This technique highlights the ability to control the microstructure of 3D-printed objects with sub-micron precision for applications such as microelectrode sensors and microrobot fabrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D/4D Printing of Multifunctional Composites with Multifunctional Applications)
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